• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.42-48
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• 2002

Background : There are many books on ancient medicine among the Dunhuang books found at a cave in Dunhuang, most of which were transcribed during Tang dynasty, reflecting ancient theories and practices. Objective and Material : To investigate the usage of the terms of three pairs of yin and yang as acupoint names, 4 books on acupuncture and moxibustion among Dunhuang books were examined. Results and Conclusion : Investigation of the usage of the terms of three pairs of yin and yang in the scripts and illustrations of 4 Dunhuang books which are also the names of 12 main meridians revealed that the terms of three pairs of yin and yang were used as the names of specific acupoints so called three pairs of yin and yang acupoints. The significance of the terms of three pairs of yin and yang as the names of specific acupoints are discussed focusing on the early form and development of meridian theory.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.141-147
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• 2005

The most fundamental and important medical treatment is science of acupuncture and moxibution, which is based on twelve channels theory. Meridian is a pathway that conveys material and energy in a human body. Twelve channels are divided into channels of hand & foot, channels of yin & yang. Yang channels are divided into taiyang, yangming, shaoyang, yin channels are divided into taiyin, shaoyin, jueyin. These are referred to twelve channels, and this theory is being used for diagnosis and test in oriental medicine. Meridian-doin-tajiquan is born, combining taijiquan which is recently handed down from China and Korean traditional method for health protection and treatment in ancient times and twelve channels, three yin & yang theory. I report this because meridian-doin-tajiquan which is non-medical and non-invasive way can be used in the treatment of disease, just like three yin & yang theory, the heart of the meridian theory, and Gehapchu theory are adjusted in the clinical science of acupuncture and moxibution. And I report this because I could mater the appropriateness of the traditional theory and I believed this corresponded with it, training myself by meridian-din-tajiquan. It is considered that this will be used in the treatment of pain disease of muscles and joints system and the diabetes, hypertension, obesity caused by stress in the near future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.630-640
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• 2012

Recently, the range of meridian muscle has expanded to muscular membranes, tendons and sinews as well as muscles, comprehending the modern manual therapy and its theories. So, in this study, the movement of body is explained through the assignment of meridian muscles into 3 Yins and 3 Yangs, and the modern manual therapy is understood with body's movement principles rather than with simple muscular movements. For this, the ground that the meridian muscles can expand to muscular membranes, tendons and sinews is researched in newest papers and studies rather than in the conventional studies that have analyzed the meridian muscles just in anatomic viewpoints. And, to find out how it can be applied to the actual clinic, its relationship with modern manual therapies such as Positional Release Therapy and Muscle Energy Techniques which are in the spotlight lately is also researched, getting the following results: Modern manual therapy is to keep the mutual balance of Yin-Yang meridian muscles after all and secure the stability of body to relieve the pains due to the stagnation of energy and blood. In the main body, they can be allotted into the opening of Great Yang/Great Yin, the closing of Bright Yang(陽明)/Small Yin, and the pivoting of Small Yang/Growing Yin (厥陰). The bending and stretching of meridian muscles as well as the movement of body can be explained according to the principle of opening, closing and pivoting. When the body is divided into 3 Yins and 3 Yangs, the viewpoint of Yin-Yang-Inside-Outside can be applied to the protagonist and antagonist muscles, giving a theoretic basis to the modern manual therapy. In the process to understand Positional Release Therapy and Muscle Energy Techniques in the viewpoint of Meridian Muscle, it turned out that the meridian muscle theory of Oriental Medicine which used to be known only in documents can well explain the movement mechanism of human body. The stress reaction through the reciprocal inhibition in Positional Release Therapy and Muscle Energy Techniques can also be understood with Yin-Yang-Inside-Outside.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.79-95
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• 1996

When we see normal gait, gait cycle is seperated as stance phase and swing phase. It needs 6 determinant of gait of pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt, knee joint of stance phase, ankle and foot motion, ankle and knee motion, and pelvic movement to be accomplished. In addition, a joint and muscle action is accomplished biomechanically at the same time with its gait cycle. In oriental medicine, the relationships between chang-fu physiology and meridian physiology are summaried as follows ; ${\bullet}$ chang-fu physiology : Spleen manages the extremities. Liver manages soft tissues. Liver stores blood. Kidney stores essences. Kidney manages bones. ${\bullet}$ meridian physiology : The Leg Greater Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Yang-Myeong Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Greater Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Absolute Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues Especially, we can find out relations between in a "blood supplied feet can walk well" that explains "blood regulations and by liver nourishing effects"that is the closest concept of muscle. Abnormal gaits are due to three causes as following; first, physical defect secoud, pain third, nervous system or instability of muscle. In oriental medicine, we can know relationship in "atrophy, numbness, stroke, convulsion, muscular dystrophy of knee, rheumatoid arthritis, five causes of infantile growing defects, five causes of softening, sprain". Especially, atrophy is the most important symptom. Gait evaluation should be emphasized where a point can walk 8 feet to 10 feet considering stride width, stride length, the body weight center, stride number, flexion, extension, rotation of a joint as a standard factor. The point is we should find out something strange in a patient's side, front and back view. After that we should find out its cause as an index that we can observe abnormal findings in a joint and muscle.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2014

Objectives : Five transport points are often used in acupuncture treatment. However, there is no clear explanation about the reason why the five transport points are matched five phases in this manner. Therefore, we reviewed the literatures and theses about the principal of matching and researched a new way to understand the reason. Methods : We found 8 theses and 3 literatures related to the matching of five transport points to five phases by searching the web sites. And, we reviewed the principal of matching and researched another new way to understand the reason why they are matched so. Results and Conclusions : In the viewpoint of the natural state and function of five phases, the start points arising in yin- and yang-meridian are matched to wood and metal respectively. Therefore, well point matches the wood and metal in yin- and yang-meridian respectively. And by following the flow of five transport points, the other points match with fire, earth, metal, water in yin-meridian and water, wood, fire, and earth in yang-meridian.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.169-175
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study is to find a desirable way for acupuncture treatment of Vascular Dementia. Methods : The author reviewed several literatures related with Vascular Dementia. Based on the literatures, the author interpreted the causes and symptoms of Vascular Dementia on viewpoint of three yin and three yang. In addition, research about desirable way for acupuncture treatment was carried out. Results and Conclusions : The cause of Vascular Dementia is thought to be the functional weakness of lesser yin, the heart meridian. Also, the related-factors represent functional excess of reverting yin and greater yin, as well show functional weakness of lesser yin. Accordingly, for the acupuncture treatment of Vascular Dementia, it is necessary to tonify lesser yin. On the other hand, the activation of lesser yang is thought to be helpful.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.147-167
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study is to summarise pattern-identification of shoulder pain based on the classics of oriental medicine, current literature and domestic papers. Methods : The materials selected were sourced from the classics of oriental medicine, current literature and domestic papers which contained data related to pattern-identification of shoulder pain. The pattern-identifications were compared to determine the similarities, and these were classified. Results : Thirty-five studies were reviewed, and thirty-seven pattern-identifications were collated. These were classified into the following groups: wind-cold-dampness group(n = 8), blood stasis group(n = 3), phlegm group(n = 7), dual deficiency of Qi and blood group(n = 4), deficiency cold group(n = 2), liver-kidney deficiency group(n = 1) and meridian-collateral group(n = 12). Conclusions : On the basis of the classification of pattern-identifications, two groups of pattern-identifications for shoulder pain were suggested. The first group included the pattern-identification associated with a disease-cause, which included the wind-cold-dampness pattern(風寒濕型), blood stasis pattern(瘀血型), phlegm pattern(痰飮型), Qi-blood deficiency pattern(氣血兩虛型), deficiency cold pattern(虛寒型), and liver-kidney deficiency pattern(肝腎虧損型). The second included the pattern-identification associated with the meridian-collateral, which included the hand greater Yin meridian pattern(手太陰經型), hand Yang brightness meridian pattern(手陽明經型), hand lesser Yin meridian pattern(手少陰經型), hand greater Yang meridian pattern(手太陽經型), hand reverting Yin meridian pattern(手厥陰經型), hand lesser Yang meridian pattern(手少陽經型), and foot greater Yang meridian pattern(足太陽經型).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.371-378
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review the effects of acupuncture on lower limb spasticity control in stroke patients. Methods: H-reflex/M-response ratio and Modified Ashworth Scale was used for evaluation of spasticity control before acupuncture, within one hours after acupuncture , at twenty-four hours, and four weeks. We divided two groups. One is the yin meridian acupunctured goup and the other is the yang meridian acupunctured group. Results: H/M ratio is declined within 1 or 24 hours after acupuncture for poststroke spasticity patients. The yin meridian acupunctured group is a bit more efficient than the yang meridian acupunctured goup. But there is no meaning in the statistics because of small patient pool. Conclusions: We need more patients group to decide the effect of electro- acupuncture on leg spasticity of stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives : To analyze the contents of ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ and study the standard posture in context of Korean Medicine. Methods : Analyzed the terms related to the name, body region and orientation of Three Yin and Three Yang used in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ to deduce the standard posture of the description. ≪Lingshu·Jingmai≫ was used as supplementary data. Results : The term "Three Yin and Three Yang" in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ is used to indicate regions of the human body, and based on this, terms with orientation were used. Just like 'anatomical position', there is a standard posture in Korean Medicine, and it may seem to be similar overall, but there is a difference in posture in the upper extremity. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, Greater Yang is the dorsal region, Lesser Yang is the lateral surface region, Yang Brightness is the anterior surface region of the human body. In the body trunk, Three Yin refers to the inner parts of the human body. However, in the lower extremity, Three Yin refers to the medial surface of the legs. The name of the individual Meridian-muscle was given following the region corresponding to Three Yin and Three Yang. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, there is a basic posture that became the standard posture derived from the description. In an upright standing position, the feet face forward, the fingers naturally extended, and the back of the hand faces outward. The fact that the posture of the thumb is naturally extended is especially reflected in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫. This is clearly different from the "anatomical position" and as it can be the base of all areas of acupuncture, it is suggested that it be defined as the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine". Conclusions : Based on our analysis, we suggest the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine" as an upright standing position, with the feet facing forward, the fingers naturally extended, the back of the hand facing outward, and the thumb naturally extended.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2012

The applicability of Diabetes Mellitus(DM) in Oriental Medicine might be placed under the category in Wasting-thirst(消渴, WT). However, because of WT having so various concepts, classification, and names in Oriental Medicine, this resulted in confusion in applying WT treatment to DM. WT occurs mainly due to dryness-heat(燥熱) which by depleting 'Fluid and Humor'(津液) makes symptoms of thirst(口渴) swift digestion with rapid hungering(消穀善饑) frequent urination(小便頻數) according to the "Internal Classic"(內經). WT was also called Sodan(消癉), Bidan(脾癉), or Sojoong(消中) in the "Internal Classic", which was caused by not only the disorder of 'five viscera' (五臟), but also the failure of 'three yin and three yang'(三陰三陽). However, the doctors of those days had a tendency to manage WT (including DM) with herbal drugs of dryness-heat or with drugs that recover the pancreas and the kidney, that have a tendency to appreciate that WT is the disease of 'five viscera'(五臟). Accoding to the "Internal Classic"(內經) and "Jinguiyaolue"(金匱要略), WT was appreciated that WT is also due to the disorder of Meridian including 'three yin and three yang'(三陰三陽) theory. Disorder of 'yang brightness'(陽明) or 'reverting yin'(厥陰) would cause Wasting-thirst(消渴), so the 'three yin and three yang'(三陰三陽) theory should be considered in WT treatments. Furthermore, 'yang brightness'(陽明) and 'reverting yin'(厥陰) all belong to 'the door'(闔) in the bolt-door-pivot(關闔樞) theory, and the mean of 'the door'(闔) is the function of storage, so we could understood WT is the wasting disease due to the disorder of 'the door'(闔) system in Meridian. WT should also be understood by the point of the bolt-door-pivot(關闔樞) theory in addition to the 'three yin and three yang'(三陰三陽) theory.