• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 1994

A study on the isolation of Yersiniae from the feces of wild animals(mammals 376, birds 19 and reptiles 13) in zoo and the biotype and serotype and susceptibility of 12 antibiotics was carried. Out of 408 animals, Yersiniae were isolated from 28 animals(6.9%). Of 28 isolates, 27 isolates(96.4%) were Y. enterocolitica and 1(3.6%) was Y. kristensenii. According to the species, 25(6.6%) of Y. enterocolitica and 1(0.3%) of Y. kristensenii were isolated from 376 mammals, 2(15.4%) of Y. enterocolitica from 13 reptiles but not isolated from 19 birds. According to the eating pattern, 8(5.2%) of Y. enterocolitica were isolated from 155 carnivora, 13(10%) of Y. enterocolitica from 123 herbivora, and 6(4.9%) of Y. enterocolitica and 1(0.8%) of Y. enterocolitica from 123 omnivora. Out of 27 isolates of Y. enterocolitica, all were biotype 1. And predominant serotype was 0:21(40.7%), and 0:5(37.0%), 0:6(11.1%), 0:1(3.7%), 0:9(3.7%) and untypable(3.7%). Yersiniae isolated from zoo animals were resistant to cephalothin(100%), ampicillin(96.4%), carbenicillin(96.4%) and tetracycline(14.3%) and streptomycin(3.6%) and susceptible to chloramphenicol(100%), colistin(100%), gentamicin(100%), kanamycin(100%), nalidixic acid(100%), polymyxin B(100%) and tobramycin(100%). The predominant multiple resistance pattern was Am-Cf-Cb(82.1%), and Am-Cf-Cb-Te(10.7%) and Am-Cf-Cb-Te-Sm(3.7%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2003

The study was conducted to develope a rapid method for the detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in spring water and vegetables via multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using ail, yst, uirF and subgenus-specific Y16S primers. Specificity and sensitivity of multiplex PCR and application of best primers for the detection of Y. enterocolitica from spring water and vegetables were investigeted. Y. enterocolitica ATCC 27729 strains gave 356 bP and 200 bp (Y16S) and 134 bp (yst) bands. but Y. enterocolitica ATCC 9610 and ATCC 23715 strains gave 200 bp and 134 bp bands.In the meanwhile, non-pathogenic Yersinia species, such as Y. frederikseni, Y. inter-media, Y. kristenseni and Y. pseudotuberculosis gave only single 200 bp band, and other bacteria including Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 25392, Shigella dysenteri. Staphylococcu aureus ATCC 25923 and Listeria mo-nocytogenes ATCC 19111 did not show any bands. Among primers, yst and Y16S primer showed the best sensitivity. Seven CFU/mL Y. enterocolitica cells could be detected with yst and Y16S primers and the sensitivity was significantly improved by the further 2nd PCR after 38 cycles of first PCR amplication. Spring water, cabbage and mushroom were inoculated with Y. enterocolitica to determine the sensitivity of multiplex-PCR for the rapid detection of Y. enterocolitica. Multiplex-PCR assay could detect 7 or 70 cells in spring water and vegetables using whole cell lysate with repeating PCR amplication.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.575-580
• /
• 2019

In biological warfare, it is important to identify biological agents for proper treatment. We focused on developing a real-time RT-PCR kit that can detect multiple species of biological agents. AccuPower(R) Biothreat Real-Time RT-PCR Kit(v3.0) could detect Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Vibrio cholerae, Francisella tularensis, Salmonella typhi, Rickettsia prowazekii, Variola virus, Hantaan virus, Yellow fever virus, Brucella spp., Shigella dysenteriae in a single reaction. The results showed that the kit was verified to be able to detect at least 0.005 ng of nucleotide and 10,000 CFU/ml of bacteria. Therefore, the kit is expected to be used as a rapid and sensitive detection kit for 11 species of biological agents within 2 hours.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2006

Purpose: Acute gastroenteritis in children is one of the frequently encountered diseases with relatively high admission rate. The aim of this study is to determine the isolation trends of common and emerging pathogens in acute gastroenteritis in children over a 12-month period in a community hospital. Methods: The study group included the children who were hospitalized to Seoul National University Boramae Hospital from April, 2003 to March, 2004 or visited outpatient clinic from April, 2003 to July, 2003 with presenting features of acute gastroenteritis. Stool specimens were obtained within 2 days after the visit and examined for the following pathogens: rotavirus, adenovirus, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, pathogenic Escherichia coli (E.coli), Campylobacter and Yersinia species. Viral study was done with commercial kits for antigen detection. Identification of the bacterial pathogens was done by culture using selective media. For pathogenic E.coli, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done with the target genes related to the pathogenecity of enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC). Results: The 130 hospitalized children and 28 outpatients were included in this study. The majority of children (>93%) were less than 6 years. Pathogens were isolated in 47% of inpatients and 43% of outpatients, respectively. Rotavirus was the most frequently identified pathogen, accounting for 42.3% of inpatients and 29.6% of outpatients. Nontyphoidal salmonella is the most commonly isolated bacterial pathogen (3.9%) in hospitalized children. Pathogenic E.coli (EPEC, ETEC) was detected in 2.1% (2/97) of inpatients and 25% (3/12) of outpatients. EHEC, adenovirus, Campylobacter, Yersinia and Shigella species were not detected in this study. Conclusion: Rotavirus is the most common enteropathogen in children with acute gastroenteritis. Nontyphoidal salmonella and pathogenic E.coli are important bacterial pathogens. Campylobacter species may not be commonly detected organism in hospitalized children with acute diarrhea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.433-449
• /
• 2020

Nine fish and one clam species were collected from freshwater environments in Korea, including four lakes, two streams, and the Nakdong River, to investigate the host-associated bacteria. Hundreds of bacterial strains were isolated from the samples using a cell sorter and a dilution plating method. After identification of the bacterial strains using 16S rRNA gene sequences, 42 strains with greater than 98.7% sequence similarity with validly published species were determined to be unrecorded bacterial species in Korea. These strains were phylogenetically diverse and assigned to four phyla, six classes, 17 orders, 27 families, and 32 genera. At the genus level, the unrecorded species were classified as Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Mycolicibacterium, Gordonia, Williamsia, Modestobacter, Brachybacterium, Sanquibacter, Arthrobacter, and Mycolicibacterium of the class Actinobacteria; Empedobacter, and Flavobacterium of the class Flavobacteriia; Fictibacillus, Psychrobacillus, Cohnella, Paenibacillus, Rummeliibacillus, Enterococcus, and Vagococcus of the class Bacilli; Aquamicrobium, Paracoccus, and Sphingomonas of the class Alphaproteobacteria; Achromobacter, Delftia, and Deefgea of the class Betaproteobacteria; and Aeromonas, Providencia, Yersinia, Marinomonas, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas of the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 42 unrecorded species were subjected to further taxonomic characterization using gram staining, cellular and colony morphological determination, biochemical analyses, and phylogenetic analyses. This paper provides detailed descriptions of the 42 previously unrecorded bacterial species.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.182-191
• /
• 2021

Objective: This study was performed to detect indicator bacteria in drinking spring water samples in Gwangju City and to identify their genus using the VITEK-II system. Methods: The subjects were ten drinking spring water sites in Gwangju. Samples of spring water were taken every month from September 2019 to August 2020. We analyzed for the indicator bacteria Yersinia and microorganisms isolated from the spring water. Result: According to the research results on indicator bacteria, general bacteria in st1-st7 with sterilization facilities in the spring and summer were investigated in the range of 0-2 CFU/mL and 0-12 CFU/mL. In st9, where a sterilization facility was not installed, the most general bacteria were detected (160 CFU/mL). Total coliform and fecal coliform showed unsatisfied rates of 16.7 and 11.1% in spring and 14.7 and 11.8% in summer, respectively. The unsatisfied rates of total coliform for the designated and non-designated spring water facilities were 3.8 and 47.1%, respectively, and for the fecal coliform group they were 2.5 and 35.3%. The difference was confirmed according to the presence of a sterilization facility. Yersinia spp. was not detected in all drinking spring water. Forty-one strains in 25 species were isolated from ten sites. The results classified as major dominant species are Pseudomonas spp. 14.6%, Pantoea spp. 9.8%, Serratia spp. 9.8%, Acinetobacter spp. 9.8%, Citrobacter spp. 7.3%, Bordetella spp. 7.3%, Delftia spp. 4.9%, and Enterobacter spp. 4.9%. Conclusions: Based on the result that various species derived from fecal pollution and artificial pollutants were detected in the non-specified public spring water facilities that many people use, the facilities need institutional complements such as continuous management or complete shutdowns.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.168-172
• /
• 2009

We attempted to isolate the bacterial strains from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus brazilensis and determined their effects on browning and distortions of mushrooms. No bacterial strains were isolated when the middle of browning regions of A. brazilensis were used. Total 125 bacterial strains were obtained from the surface of browning regions and classified into 17 different genera and 29 species by using MIDI methods. Most common genus were Pseudomonas (26), Yersinia (29), and Cedecea (29). High lytic activity were detected when Pseudomonas strains were tested, while relatively low lytic activity were observed with both Yersinia and Cedecea strains.Therefore, we believed the distortion of mushroom could be the result of bacterial infections. Also, the development of brownish color was detected in large number of A. brazilensis strains only by incubation at 4C, suggesting no specific correlation between bacterial strains and brownish color development. Also, it is considered that the development of brownish color can be the normal changes of A. brazilensis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.1180-1184
• /
• 2006

The capsule that surrounds Yersinia pestis cells is composed of a protein-polysacchride complex; the purified protein component is fraction I (F1) antigen. We report the cloning of the cafl gene and its expression in Escherichia coli using the vector pETl02/D-TOPO and the F1-specific monoclonal antibody. The recombinant F1 (rF1) antigen had a molecular size of 17.5 kDa, which was identical to that of the F1 antigen produced by Y. pestis. Recombinant F1 protein was found to react to polyclonal antiserum to Y. pestis Fl. Recombinant F1 was purified by ProBond purification system and induced a protective immune response in BALB/c mice challenged with up to 10$^5$ virulent Y. pestis. Purified rF1 protein was used in an ELISA to evaluate the ability of a method to detect antibodies to Y. pestis in animal sera. These results strongly indicated that the rF1 protein is a suitable species-specific immunodiagnostic antigen and vaccine candidate.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.430-435
• /
• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata ethanol-extract on food spoilage or foodborne disease microorganism. The antimicrobial activity of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract was determined by a paper disc method. The extract exhibited growth inhibiting activities in a concentration dependent manner on 7 species of microorganisms. The extract of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7. The growth inhibitory effects of the extract at the concentration of 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/L on food poisoning microorganism were determined against Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. The growth of microorganisms was not affected by the extract at the concentration up to 250 mg/L, but was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by the extract at the concentration higher than 500 mg/L. The results in the present study demonstrate antimicrobial effects of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata ethanol-extract against foodborne pathogens, suggesting that Ampelopsis brevipedunculata could be an effective natural antibacterial agent in food.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.47 no.spc
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2014

Sponge in Lake Baikal is an unique organism. Microorganisms in sponges are assumed as precious resources for bioactive materials. For understanding the bacterial community in Baikalian sponges by cultivation, 92 strains of bacteria were isolated from lake water and 2 species of sponges, Baikalospongia sp. and Lubomirskia sp., Thirty five bacterial strains are isolated from ambient water near the sponge, 27 bacterial strains from Baikalospongia sp., 30 bacterial strains from Lubomirskia sp.. As a result, 78.3% and 57.6% of isolated bacterial strains has amylase and protease activity respectively, while strains with cellulose and lipase activities were 38.0% and 34.8%. By 16S rRNA sequence analysis of selected strains, 13 strains which were isolated from Baikalospongia sp. were belong to Pseudomonas spp.. Whereas, 14 strains which were isolated from Lubomirskia sp. were Pseudomonas spp., Buttiauxella agrestis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Yersinia ruckeri, Bacillus spp., Paenibacillus spp., Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus simplex, Brevibacterium spp., Acinetobacter lwoffii. In culture media, Pseudomonas spp. dominance was supposed that according to allelophathy.