• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.515-517
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• 1996

The relative efficiencies of deposition into egg yolk of apo-carotenoic acid ester(APO-E, CAROPHYLL Yellow) and saponified marigold xanthophylls (MX), in the presence of canthaxanthin (CN), were determined using a wheat-based diet. APO-E was deposited with an efficiency of 50 percent and MX with an efficiency between 13 and 20 percent. The dose response relationship for MX was curvilinear with a decreased efficiency at higher concentrations. Canthaxanthin was deposited with and efficiency of 38 percent, irrespective of the source of yellow xanthophylls, up to a dietary concentration of 5.5 mg/kg. At a dietary MX concentration of 8.3 mg/kg the efficiency of deposition of CN declined to 24 percent. The results confirm that the replacement ratio of MX : APO-E is between 3 : 1 and 4 : 1 depending on the dietary inclusion of marigold pigment.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

홍국 색소의 액체배양에 의한 대량생산조건을 개발하기 위하여 Monascus sp. KM 1001 변이주를 대상으로 균체생산 및 색소생성에 미치는 최적배양조건을 비교 검토하였다. 실험균주의 색소생성을 위한 액체배지의 최적화학적 조성은 4% rice powder, 0.15% Bacto-peptone, 0.1% glycine, 0.01% $FeSO_{4}{\cdot}7H_{2}O,\;0.1%\;MgSO_{4}{\cdot}7H_{2}O,\;0.25%\;KH_{2}PO_{4},\;pH4.5$였다. 실험균주의 $2.0{\times}10^{6}\;spores/ml$의 포자현탁액을 액체배지 50 ml에 접종하여 배양온도 $30^{\circ}C$에서 150 rpm으로 5일간 배양하였을 때, 10.00 g/L의 균체생산과 세포외 황색색소 오렌지색소와 적색색소는 각각 3.25 unit, 1.59 unit, 0.88 unit를 생성하였으며, 세포내 황색색소 오렌지색소와 적색색소는 84.96 unit, 78.84 unit, 91.80 unit의 색소를 생산할 수 있었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2009

This study was performed to evaluate the hexavalent chromium content in flexography inks and organic pigments used as colorants for the ink. The digestion of sample was carried out under alkaline condition, and the content of soluble hexavalent chromium extracted from samples was determined by UV-visible colorimetric analysis method after alkaline digestion. Duplicate sampling system to obtain two digested samples, was applied in this study. To determine the hexavalent chromium content in the flexography ink and organic pigment colorimeteric analysis was employed. Because the organic pigment is the main ingredient of flexography ink it is important to remove the errors associated with the colorant of the ink in colorimetric determination. The duplicate sampling system allowed us to correct the errors associated with the colorimeteric measurement. The additional filtration was found an essential step to exclude colorimeteric error derived from the various precipitates. The soluble hexavalent chromium content in flexography inks was generally less than 5 ppm. Yellow, violet and some magenta colors showed higher soluble hexavalent chromium contents. The content of hexavalent chromium in organic pigments was greater than flexography inks, and yellow, violet and some magenta pigments contained greater amount of hexavalent chromium, which indicated that the hexavalent chromium in inks derives from the colorants. The soluble hexavalent chromium content in linerboards were below 1 ppm, and no hexavalent chromium was detected in UKP. Results suggested that flexography ink is the main factor to cause hexavalent chromium in linerboard and organic pigments.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2021

Objective: Paint manufacturing industry workers are exposed to various lung cancer carcinogenic substances including hexavalent chromium and crystalline silica. Studies have been conducted on lung cancer in Paint manufacturing industry workers and the concentration of hexavalent chromium in paint industry; however, the concentration of crystalline silica and hexavalent chromium and cases of lung cancer in a single Paint factory has never been reported in Korea. Methods: To determine whether the cancer was related to his work environment, we assessed the level of exposure to carcinogens during pouring and mixing talc and pigment. In addition, a mask fit test was performed for the worker. Results: Analysis of talc and silica bulk powder materials showed that crystalline silica (quartz) was 5% in talc and 100% in silica. The green and yellow pigments contained 87% and 92% of lead chromate, respectively. Our quantitative analysis of pigment powder samples showed that the hexavalent chromium contents quantified in the green and yellow pigment samples were 87% and 92%, respectively. In order to estimate his exposure level of hexavalent chromium, we measured a personal exposure level of hexavalent chromium for a worker in accordance with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health #7605 method. The results showed that the worker was exposed to the high level of hexavalent chromium (0.033 mg m-3). In addition, the talc powder also contained 5% quartz, and the worker's exposure level to respirable quartz exceeded OEL. As a result of the respiratory protection fit test for workers, the overall Fit Factor was '15' when wearing a second-grade mask and '25' when wearing a first-grade mask, significantly lower than the US Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) pass value of "100". Conclusion: Workers who pouring and mixing powder materials such as talc or colored pigments in paint manufacturing company may be exposed to high concentrations of carcinogenic substances. These findings indicate that it is necessary to local ventilation system inspection, safety and health education for employers and workers, and periodically monitoring and manage the working environment.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권3A호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2006

안료가 칼라콘크리트의 성질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 산화철이 주성분인 적색, 황색 및 흑색 안료와 동 프탈로시아닌을 착색성분으로 하는 청색과 녹색 안료 5종류를 사용하여 모르타르와 콘크리트 실험을 실시하였다. 안료의 종류 및 첨가율에 따라 모르타르 및 콘크리트의 품질특성이 차이가 있었다. 적색, 황색 및 흑색 안료를 첨가한 콘크리트의 응결시간은 다소 빨라지고 압축강도는 약간 증가하는 경향이었으며, 슬럼프 및 공기량은 거의 같거나 감소하였다. 반면, 청색 및 녹색 안료를 첨가한 경우 계면활성제의 공기연행에 의해 콘크리트의 압축강도가 크게 저하하였으며, 슬럼프 및 공기량은 크게 증가하였다. 이들 청색 및 녹색 안료를 첨가한 콘크리트에 소포제를 첨가함으로써 콘크리트의 압축강도가 크게 개선되어 안료를 첨가하지 않은 콘크리트와 비슷한 강도발현이 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.762-769
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• 2002

참조기 추출색소를 컬럼크로마토그래피를 행하여 정제하고 UV-vis spectrophotometry를 행하여 최대 흡수파장을 검색한 결과는 모든 획분의 최대 흡수파장은 $480\;nm{\sim}420\;nm$ 사이에 공통적으로 3개의 최대흡수대역을 나타냈다. 이는 carotenoid의 일반적인 특성과 일치하였으며 파장의 대역도 유사하여 carotenoid계 색소로 추정되었다. 또한 획분 간에 파장의 대역이 큰 차이 없이 유사한 것은 구조가 비슷한 이성체이기 때문으로 추정된다. 이동상 A인 0.1 mol 암모늄아세테이트 용액 메탄올(50 : 50 v/v)과 이동상 B인 메탄올 : 메틸렌클로라이드(90 : 10 v/v)를 이용하고 처음 2분간 10%의 이동상 A로부터 시작하여 60분 동안 이동상 B로 점차 조성을 변화시켜 최종적으로 이동상 B가 되게 gradient mode 조건으로 한 이동상에서 PDA-HPLC를 이용하여 참조기 추출색소를 분석한 chromatogram은 각각 RT값이 27.54, 28.48, 29.40, 29.72. 30.06, 35.61에서 총 6개의 peak가 검출되었다. 이때의 검출파장은 약 $380{\sim}490\;nm$ 사이의 파장이었으며, RT값이 30.06와 35.61 사이에 한 개의 peak가 보였으나 그 양이 너무 적어 peak로 인식되지 않았다. 그러나 이는 UV-vis spectrophotometry를 이용한 추출색소의 최대 흡광도 대역과 거의 일치하여 색소의 조성은 총 7개의 성분인 것으로 사료된다. 본 실험의 결과 참조기 추출색소의 분석을 위한 최적파장은 450 nm인 것으로 사료된다. 이동상 B인 메탄올 : 메틸렌클로라이드(90 : 10 v/v)을 이용하여 isocratic made로 한 이동상의 조건으로 PDA-HPLC를 이용하여 참조기 추출색소를 분석한 chromatogram은 각각 RT값이 3.27, 7.69, 20.92에서 총 3개의 peak가 검출되었고, 이때의 검출파장은 약 $380{\sim}490\;nm$ 사이의 파장으로서 gradient mode로 한 이동상의 조건과 일치하였다. 또한 RT값이 3.27의 peak에서 가장 많은 색소가 검출되었다. 그러나 gradient mode로 한 이동상의 조건에서 7개의 peak가 검출되었고 isocratic mode로 한 이동상의 조건에서는 3개의 peak가 검출된 것으로 보아 정성적으로는 gradient mode로 한 이동상의 조건이 더 적합한 것으로 사료된다. 또한, PDA-HPLC를 이용한 참조기와 수조기의 색소성분을 비교한 결과, 수조기와 참조기에서 검출되는 peak중 각각의 3개의 peak는 유사한 RT값을 보였으나, 참조기 및 수조기의 각각 1개의 peak는 서로 다른 RT값을 보였으며 참조기 성분의 peak중 RT = 31.02는 수조기 성분에서는 발견되지 않아, 이 성분은 참조기 성분과 연관성이 클 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2011

The morphology of the two marine urostyloid ciliates, Pseudokeronopsis carnea (Cohn, 1866) and Uroleptopsis citrina Kahl, 1932, in the family Pseudokeronopsidae, collected from the Yellow Sea, and the East Sea, Korea, respectively, were studied using live observation and protargol impregnation. Additionally, the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene was sequenced. These two species are firstly recorded in Korea. The main diagnostic key is as follows. Pseudokeronopsis carnea: body outline elongate-elliptical, brown-reddish or orange-red in colour in vivo; bicorona of 16-24 frontal cirri; one buccal and two frontoterminal cirri; 7-10 transverse cirri; 5-7 dorsal kineties; two types of cortical granules (one orange-red pigment, mainly grouped around cirri and dorsal bristles, arranged in typical rubra-pattern; the other, colourless and blood-cell-shaped, and densely distributed); contractile vacuole in the posterior half of the cell on the left side, usually in posterior 1/3-2/5. Uroleptopsis citrina: body outline elongate-elliptical, lemon-yellow in colour in vivo; two types of cortical granules (one yellow pigment; the other, blood-cell-shaped, densely distributed); bicorona of 12-18 frontal cirri; 2-3 frontoterminal cirri; two midventral rows comprising 26-35 cirri (consisting of anterior paired cirri, non-paired single cirri, and posterior paired cirri); three dorsal kineties. In addition, the SSU rRNA sequences of the two species were compared with public database of these species and consequently, showed high similarity.

• 공업화학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.325-329
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• 2016

환경 친화적이고 질병을 유발시키지 않은 천연색소의 사용이 증가함에 따라 천연색소를 추출하는 다양한 방법이 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 천연염료인 brazilein, crocin, chlorophyll을 포함하고 있는 식물성 원료인 소목, 치자, 쑥을 대상으로 천연염료를 추출하였다. 추출용매의 pH와 추출시간을 변수로 추출된 천연염료의 적색, 황색, 녹색계열의 목표색을 설정하고 추출된 천연염료의 명도와 색의 좌표(L, a, b)의 정량적 수치로부터 색도분석을 수행하였다. 소목의 적색소인 brazilein과 치자의 황색소인 crocin의 경우 목표색인 카드뮴 레드와 카드뮴 옐로에 근접한 색상을 추출할 수 있었다. 추출시간 20 min을 기준으로 brazilein의 경우 pH 12, crocin의 경우 pH 9에서 색차를 나타내는 ${\Delta}E^*$가 각각 18.2와 18.4로 목표색과 유사한 색의 색소가 추출되었다. 그러나 쑥의 녹색색소인 chlorophyll의 경우 목표색인 크롬 그린과는 차이를 보였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 1982

Streptococcus mutans strains were isolated from dental plaques of carious lesions of 53 patients on mitis-salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) and mitis-salivarius(MS) medium as a supplement. The epidemiological investigation was carried out to determine the biotypes and serotypes of S. mutans isolates. For the serotyping, autoclaved extract antigens from the isolates and serotype-specific antisera against seven known serotypes of S. mutans were prepared. The serotypes of the isolates were demonstrated in immunodiffusion test. In addtition, the prevalence of ${\beta}$-hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar plate in restricted anaerobic condition and yellow pigment production on 5% sucrose agar plate in less anaerobic condition among the isolates were investigated. The results were as follows: 1. Forty-eight S. mutans strains were isolated from dental plaque samples of 33 patients (62.3%) among 53 patients. 2. Of the isolates, some strains were not grown on MSB medium. 3. Serotype c S. mutans was found in 60.6%, serotype d was found in 30.3% of the patients who were known to harbor S. mutans. 4. Of. the isolates, serotype c isolates were most prevalent (43.8%), serotype d isolates were 25.0%, and serotype b, e, f and g isolates were also found but in lower frequencies. Serotype a S. mutans were not detected. 5. The correlation between serotype and biotype of the isolates was found in 78.6% of the typing cases. 6. Strains revealed ${\beta}$-hemolysis were in 52.1% of the isolates, strains produced yellow pigment were in 47.9% of the isolates, and with one exception, all the strains were belong to serotype c, e and f. 7. The majority of the isolates which revealed ${\beta}$-hemolysis appeared to be yellow pigmented, these isolates were belong to serotype c, e and f.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2022

In the present study, four distinctly colored bacterial isolates that show intense pigmentation upon brief ultraviolet (UV) light exposure are chosen. The strains are identified as Micrococcus luteus (Milky yellow), Cryseobacterium pallidum (Yellow), Cryseobacterium spp. (Golden yellow), and Kocuria turfanensis (Pink) based on their morphological and 16S rDNA analysis. Moderate salinity (1.25%), 25-37℃ temperature, and pH of 7.2 are found to be the most favorable conditions of growth and pigment production for all the selected isolates. The pigments are extracted using methanol: chloroform (1:1) and the purity of the pigments are confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Further, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy indicate their resemblance with carotenoids and flexirubin family. The antioxidant activities of the pigments are estimated, and, all the pigments have shown significant antioxidant efficacy in 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The UV protective property of the pigments is determined by cling-film assay, wherein, at least 25% of UV sensitive Escherichia coli survive with bio-pigments even after 90 seconds of UV exposure compared to control. The pigments also hold a good sun protective factor (SPF) value (1.5-4.9) which is calculated with the Mansur equation. Based on these results, it can be predicted that these bacterial pigments can be further developed into a promising antioxidant and UV-protectant for several biomedical applications.