Study on the Quantitative Analysis Methods of Hexavalent Chromium in Flexography Inks and Organic Pigments - Alkaline digestion and Colorimetric Measurement -

플렉소 잉크 및 유기안료의 6가 크롬 함량 측정 방법에 관한 연구 - 알칼리 분해 및 비색측정법 -

  • Kim, Jin-Woo (Department of Forest sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Youn, Hye-Jung (Department of Forest sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Hak-Lae (Department of Forest sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
  • 김진우 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 산림과학부 환경재료과학) ;
  • 윤혜정 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 산림과학부 환경재료과학) ;
  • 이학래 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 산림과학부 환경재료과학)
  • Published : 2009.12.30

Abstract

This study was performed to evaluate the hexavalent chromium content in flexography inks and organic pigments used as colorants for the ink. The digestion of sample was carried out under alkaline condition, and the content of soluble hexavalent chromium extracted from samples was determined by UV-visible colorimetric analysis method after alkaline digestion. Duplicate sampling system to obtain two digested samples, was applied in this study. To determine the hexavalent chromium content in the flexography ink and organic pigment colorimeteric analysis was employed. Because the organic pigment is the main ingredient of flexography ink it is important to remove the errors associated with the colorant of the ink in colorimetric determination. The duplicate sampling system allowed us to correct the errors associated with the colorimeteric measurement. The additional filtration was found an essential step to exclude colorimeteric error derived from the various precipitates. The soluble hexavalent chromium content in flexography inks was generally less than 5 ppm. Yellow, violet and some magenta colors showed higher soluble hexavalent chromium contents. The content of hexavalent chromium in organic pigments was greater than flexography inks, and yellow, violet and some magenta pigments contained greater amount of hexavalent chromium, which indicated that the hexavalent chromium in inks derives from the colorants. The soluble hexavalent chromium content in linerboards were below 1 ppm, and no hexavalent chromium was detected in UKP. Results suggested that flexography ink is the main factor to cause hexavalent chromium in linerboard and organic pigments.

Keywords

References

  1. 환경부 고시 제 2006-143호, 포장재의 중금속 함량 권장기준 및 시험 방법 등에 관한 고시, 환경부 (2006)
  2. 박형숙, 6가 크롬의 환원과 발암, 환경독성학회지, 18(3): 165-174 (2003)
  3. KS M ISO 3856-5, 도료와 바니시의 "가용성" 금속함량측정 제5부 : 액상도료의 안료 부분이나 분체도료의 6가 크롬함량 측정 방법 - Diphenylcabazide (2007)
  4. KS M ISO 6713, 도료와 바니시 - 액상 또는 분체 도료로부터 산 추출물 제조 방법 (2007)
  5. USEPA method 3060A, Alkaline digestion for hexavalent chromium (1996)
  6. USEPA method 7196A, Chromium, Hexavalent (colormetric) (1992)
  7. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), NIOSH Manual of analytical methods; Chromium, Hexavalent: Method 7600, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH (1994)
  8. 윤충식, 백남원, 김정한, 박동욱, 최상준, 김신범, 채현병, 초음파 전처리에 의한 용접 흄 중 6가 크롬의 분석, Analytical Science & Technology, 12 (5) : 447-459 (1999)
  9. Gheju, M., Iovi, A., and Balcu, I., Hexavalent chromium reduction with scrap iron in continuous-flow system - Part 1: Effect of feed solution pH, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153 : 655-662 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.009
  10. Zatka, V., Speciation of hexavalent chromium in welding fumes interference by air oxidation of chromium, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 46(6): 327-331 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1080/15298668591394914
  11. Rai, D., Sass, B.M., and Moore, D.A., Chromium(Ⅲ) hydrolysis constants and solubility of chromium (Ⅲ) hydroxide, Inorganic Chemistry, 26 : 345-349 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00250a002
  12. Puls, R.W., Blowes, D.W., Gillham, R.W., Long-term performance monitoring for a permeable reactive barrier at the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center, Elizabeth City, North Carolina, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 68 : 109-124 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00034-5
  13. Blowes, D.W., Ptacek, C.J., Benner, S.G., McRae, C.W.T., Bennett, T.A., and Puls, R.W., Treatment of inorganic contaminants using permeable reactive barriers, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 45 : 123-137 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00122-4
  14. 이원재, 플렉소 잉크 및 인쇄 특성, 포장정보 1996. 3 : 70-75 (1996)
  15. Leach, R.H., Pierce, R.J., The Printing Ink Manual, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, pp. 86-115 (2001)
  16. Atkin, P., and Paula, J., Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, pp. 491-495 (2002)