• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 2003

Adenovirus (Ad) precursor to the terminal protein (pTP) plays an essential roles in the viral DNA replication. Ad pTP serves as a primer for the synthesis of a new DNA strand during the initiation step of replication. In addition, Ad pTP forms organized spherical replication foci on the nuclear matrix (NM) and anchors the viral genome to the NM. Here we identified the interferon inducible gene product 1-8D (Inid) as a pTP binding protein by using a two-hybrid screen of a HeLa cDNA library. Of the clones obtained in this assay, nine were identical to the Inid, a 13-kDa polypeptide that shares homology with genes 1-8U and Leu-13/9-27, most of which have little known functions. The entire open reading frame (ORF) of Inid was cloned into the tetracycline inducible expression vector in order to determine the biological functions related with adenoviral infection. When Inid was introduced to the cells along with adenoviruses, fifty to sixty percent of Ad-infected cells expressing Inid had rounded morphology, which was suggestive of apoptosis. Results from the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and DNA fragmentation assays confirmed that Inid induces apoptosis in Ad-infected or in uninfected cells. The Inid binding to pTP may target the cell for apoptotic destruction as a host defense mechanism against the viral infection.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 1996

LB00013, a newly developed recombinant human Interferon $\beta$, was tested for primary eye and skin irritation in male New Zealand White rabbits. In the primary eye irritation test, 0.1 ml of a solution of LB00013 was instilled into the eye. In the rinsing group, the eye was washed with water at 30 seconds after instillation. No reaction was produced at the cornea, iris and conjunctivae by LB00013. In the primary skin irritation test, LB00013 was applied to the back of rabbits for 24 hours. Primary irritation index was "0" in test and control sites of all animals. Thus LB00013 was evaluated as a non-irritant on the basis of the criteria of Draize et al. (1944).l. (1944).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 1996

Antigenicity of recombinant human interferon $\beta$(LB00013), a newly developed drug for anti-cancer and anti-viral therapeutic use, was investigated in mice and guinea pigs. The following results were obtained: 1. Mice showed no production of antibodies against LB00013 sensitized with aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum) as an adjuvant, when judged by the heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test in rats. Meanwhile, antibodies against ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized with Alum were clearly detected. 2. In guinea pigs, the sensitization of neither LB00013 only nor LB00013 with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) produced positive reactions in the homologous active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and the PCA tests. Meanwhile, the sensitization of OVA with CFA produced positive reactions in both PCA and ASA. 3. A LB00013-specific reaction was not observed in an indirect hemagglutination(IHA) assay using sera isolated from LB00013 sensitized mice. The present results suggested that LB00013 may have no antigenic potential in mice and guinea pigs.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1999

Mouse guanylate-binding protein 3 (mGBP3) is a 71-kDa GTPase which belongs to GTP-binding protein family. The present study showed that the expression of mGBP3 transcript was readily induced in a dose dependent fashion in the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 treated with either $interferon-{\gamma} (IFN-\gamma)$ or lipopolysaccaride (LPS). The expression of mGBP3 protein was also apparent by 4 and 6 h after the treatment of cells with IFN-\gamma (100 U/ml) or LPS ($1{\mu}g/ml$) , and remained at palteau for at least 24 h. Cycloheximide ($10{\mu}g/ml$) had no effect on the $IFN-\gamma-$ or LPS-induced mGBP3 expression, suggesting that the mGBP3 induction did not require further protein synthesis. Interestingly, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine (50 nM) abolished the induction of mGBP3 expression by LPS, but not by $IFN-{\gamma}$. These findings suggest that mGBP3 may be involved in the macrophage activation process and both IFN-\gamma and LS induce the mGBP3 expression through distinct signal transduction pathways.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.140-151
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• 2003

Purpose: We tried to evaluate the long term efficacy and positive predictive factors of interferon-alpha treatment in children with chronic hepatitis B. Methods: The study population included 113 children who received interferon therapy between May 1982 and July 2002 (20 years) for chronic hepatitis B in Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Male to female ratio was 2.3 : 1 and the mean age at diagnosis was $11.1{\pm}4.1$ years old. Response to treatment was defined as normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), disappearance of HBeAg and HBV-DNA Eighty two children responded while 32 did not. Interferon-alpha was given intramuscularly for 6 months at a dosage of $3{\times}10^6$ unit, 3 times weekly. In relapsed cases, lamivudine or interferon retreatment was done. Results: Seroconversion rate was 77.0% in terms of HBeAg, 74.3% in terms of HBV-DNA, and 80.5% in terms of ALT normalization after treatment. Seroconversion rate of both HBeAg and HBV-DNA was 72.6%. Analyzed by life table method, the effect of the treatment had been maintained over 10 years after cessation of therapy. Pre-treatment ALT level was the only significant positive predictive factor of response. Eleven cases (13.4%) relapsed, and 2 out of 3 showed response when treated with lamivudine and 1 out of 3 with interferon retreatment. Conclusion: Interferon-alpha showed significant efficacy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in our study. Further studies about the effect of interferon therapy on complications of hepatitis such as hepatocarcinoma, cirrhosis are warranted.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.986-992
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• 2009

Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical mediators of the innate immune system to defend viral infection. Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) play critical roles in type I IFN production in response to viral infection. Luteolin is natural polyphenolic compounds that have anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and anti-carcinogenic effects. However, the mechanism of action and impact of luteolin on innate immunity is still unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of luteolin on the lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses. Luteolin inhibited Type I IFNs expression of mRNA and increased interleukin(IL)-10 expression of mRNA. Next, we examined the protective effects of IL-10 using IL-10 neutralizing antibody (IL-10NA). Blockade of IL-10 action didn't cause a significant reduction of Type I IFNs than LPS-induced luteolin pretreatment. Pretreatment of luteolin inhibited the level of IRF-1, and IRF-7 mRNA and the nuclear translocation of IRF-3. Also, luteolin reduced the activation of STAT - 1, 3. Theses results suggest that luteolin inhibits LPS-induced the production of Type I IFNS by both IRFs and STATs not IL-10 and may be a beneficial drug for the treatment of inflammatory disease.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.216-229
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• 1996

Interferon(IFN) is a sort of glycoproteins that are produced by activated lymphocyte, monocyte and fibroblast. IFN has anti-viral effects, immuno-defensive mechanism and regulating properties to the several kinds of cells that includes affect on the bone formation and resorption. The effect of IFN on the osteoclast & other tissue cells has been studied in a number of researchers with the limited reports on the osteoblast. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of IFN on the osteoblastic function. The MC3T3/El cell(Mouse osteoblast) was incubated in ${\alpha}-minimum$ essential medium containing 10% FBS. To detect the cytotoxic effect of $IFN-{\gamma}$ on osteoblast, the cells were cultured in 96-well plate to which $IFN-{\gamma}$ of various concentrations were added for 2 days. After staining with trypan blue, total cells and living cells were counted under microscope. To determine the activity of alkaline phosphataset(ALP), various concentrations of $IFN-{\gamma}$ were treated to culture medium, and biochemical assay was performed. $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ plus cycloheximide were added to culture medium separately and then ALP activity were determined. To detect the effect of the $IFN-{\gamma}$ on the bone formation of osteoblast, long-term culture was performed, and calcified nodule formation were observed using von Kossa's staining. After the addition of $IFN-{\gamma}$ with various concentrations to the medium, no cytotoxic effect of $IFN-{\gamma}$ was detected at any concentration. The significant increase in ALP activity of osteoblast were found the concentration of $IFN-{\gamma}$ 500-2500U/ml and the culture time of 24-48 hours respectively. The enhancement of ALP activity by $IFN-{\gamma}$ of osteoblast was decreased significantly by the treatment of cycloheximide. After long-term culture of osteoblast, the nodule formation was found to be increased in number and density by the addition of 500 U/ml $IFN-{\gamma}$. These results suggest that $IFN-{\gamma}$ was affected on the bone formation of osteoblast. Forthemore this kind of study or $IFN-{\gamma}$ to osteoblast will be held continuously.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1993

This study was performed to evaluate differences of T cell subsets according to the injection period of recombinant mouse $interferon-{\gamma}{\;}(IFN-{\gamma}$ in acute Toxoplasma gondii infection. Each mouse was infected intraperitoneally with 100 cysts of Beverley strain T. gondii, and injuten with $5{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$ units of $IFN-{\gamma}$ every other day two tares. The percentage of Thy-1, 2 cells and L3T4/Ly-2 cell ratio were significantly increased in the mice that received two doses of $IFN-{\gamma}$ on days 2 and 0 before infection, or days 0 and 2 after infection. The percentage of Ly-2 cells decreased in the $IFN-{\gamma}$ injected groups at th\ulcorner 3rd and 4th week after infection. The results suggest that administration of $IFN-{\gamma}$ to T gonnii-infected mice improves the changed population of T cell subsets to a normal state, especially when $IFN-{\gamma}$ was infected just after the infection.

• The Zoological Society Korea : Newsletter
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.112.1-112
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 1984