• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1996

Thin film Ba$^{0.7}Sr^{0.3}TiO^{3}$ (BST) capacitors were fabricated on SiO$_{2}$/Si substrates by RF magnetron sputtering method and characterized at microwave frequencies ranging from 40 MHz to 1GHz to examine the dielectric dispersion of the capacitors. The BST thin films were electrode material of BST thin films capacitor which is known as one of the best electrode materials for BST films. 50$\AA$-thick titanium (Ti) layers were introduced to increase adhesion between bottom Pt and SiO$_{2}$. The leakage current density of the capacitors was about 1.7${\times}10^{7}A/cm^{2}$ at 1.5V and the dielectric constant was about 140 at 1MHz. Microwave measurement patterns having a coplanar waveguide type were fabricated and their S parameters were measured using network analyzer. After de-embedding parasitic components in microwave measurement patterns nearly frequency-invariant dielectric constant of about 120 was extracted in the measurement range of 40 MHz to 1 GHz.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1694-1700
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• 2007

In the electrified section, both of return current and signal current are flowing in the same rail in common. But signal current shall be allowed to flow in the specific track circuit and not in the other circuit while the traction return current shall come back to power sub-station. This paper presents measuring system that use both sensor and antenna. The aim of the system is to achieve the difference in current between the two rails and the presence of trimming capacitors. In order to improve the transmission level, trimming capacitors are connected between the two rails at constant spacing. To maintain the balance of traction return current, rails of both sides may be jointed by the so-called SVPMM. The traction return current is sometimes unbalanced owing to the ill-contact of SVPMM. In this paper, we propose a diagnosis method based on a short-circuited current(Icc), trimming capacitors and traction return current measured by Korail inspection vehicles. Whether Icc is good or bad depends not only on the presence of trimming capacitors but also on the unbalance of the traction return current.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the cause of damage to electrolytic capacitors and to present the heat generation mechanism in order to prevent the occurrence of similar problems. From the analysis results of electrolytic capacitors collected from accident sites, the fire causing area can be limited to the primary power supply for the initial accident. From the tests performed by applying overvoltage, surge, etc., it is thought that the fuse, varistor, etc., are not directly related to the accidents that occurred. The analysis of the characteristics using a switching regulator showed that the charge and discharge characteristics fell short of standard values. In addition, it is thought that heated electrolytic capacitors caused thermal stress to nearby resistances, elements, etc. It can be seen that the heat generation is governed by the over-ripple current, application of AC overvoltage, surge input, internal temperature increase, defective airtightness, etc. Therefore, when designing an electrolytic capacitor, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the correct polarity arrangement, appropriate voltage application, correct connection of equivalent series resistance(ESR) and equivalent series inductance(SEL), rapid charge and discharge control, sufficient margin of dielectric tangent, etc.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2012

DC Bus Electrolytic capacitors have been widely used in power conversion system because they can achieve high capacitance and voltage ratings with volumetric efficiency and low cost. This type of capacitors have been traditionally used for filtering, voltage smoothing, by-pass and other many applications in power conversion circuits requiring a cost effective and volumetric efficiency components. Unfortunately, electrolytic capacitors are some of the weakest components in power electronic converter. Many papers have proposed different methods or algorithms to determinate the ESR and/or capacitance C for fault diagnosis of the electrolytic capacitor. However, both ESR and C vary with frequency and temperature. Accurate knowledge of both values at the capacitors operating conditions is essential to achieve the best reference data of fault judgement. According to parameter analysis, the capacitance increases with temperature and the ESR decreases. Higher frequencies make the ESR and C to decrease. Analysis results show that the proposed electrolytic capacitor parameter estimation technique can be applied to reference signal of capacitor diagnosis systems successfully.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2003

The Sr$\_$0.7/Bi$\_$2.6/Ta$_2$O$\_$9/(SBT) thin films are deposited on Pt-coated electrode(Pt/TiO$_2$/SiO$_2$/Si) using RF magnetron sputtering method. The structural and electrical properties of SBT capacitors were influenced with annealing atmosphere. In the XRD pattern, the SBT thin films in all annealed atmosphere had (105) orientation. In the SEM images, Bi-layered perovskite phase was crystallized in all annealing atmosphere and grain largely grew in oxygen annealing atmosphere. The maximum remnant polarization and the coercive electric field in oxygen annealing atmosphere are 12.40[${\mu}$C/cm$^2$] and 30[kV/cm] respectively. The dielectric constant and leakage current density of capacitors annealed oxygen atmosphere are 340 and 2.13${\times}$10$\^$-9/ [A/cm$^2$] respectively. The fatigue characteristics of SBT capacitors did not change up to 10$\^$10/ switching cycles.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.808-812
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• 2013

Multilayer capacitors with high ripple current and high capacitance were manufactured. The electrical properties of these capacitors were characterized for potential application for DC-link capacitors in hybrid electric vehicle inverters. Internal electrode structures were designed to achieve high capacitance and reliability. A single multilayer capacitor showed $0.46{\mu}F/cm^3$ of capacitance, 0.65% of dielectric loss, and 1450 V to 1650 V of dielectric breakdown voltage depending on the design of the internal electrode. The capacitor module designed with several multilayer capacitors gave a total capacitance of $450{\mu}F$, which is enough for hybrid electric vehicles. In particular, an equivalent series resistance of $4.5m{\Omega}$ or less will result in 60 $A_{rms}$, thereby reaching the allowed ripple current for hybrid electric vehicles.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.653-663
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• 2017

Multilevel active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) converter combines the advantages of three-level ANPC converter and multilevel flying capacitor (FC) converter. However, multilevel ANPC converter often suffers from capacitor voltage balancing problems. In order to solve the capacitor voltage balancing problems for five-level ANPC converter, phase-shifted pulse width modulation (PS-PWM) is used, which generally provides natural voltage balancing ability. However, the natural voltage balancing ability depends on the load conditions and converter parameters. In order to eliminate voltage deviations under steady-state and dynamic conditions, the active voltage-balancing control (AVBC) methods of floating capacitors and dc-link capacitors based on PS-PWM are proposed. First, the neutral-point current is regulated to balance the neutral-point voltage by injecting zero-sequence voltage. After that, the duty cycles of the redundant switch combinations are adjusted to balance the floating-capacitor voltages by introducing moderating variables for each of the phases. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed AVBC methods is verified by experimental results.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.116-128
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• 2018

Conventionally, in order to reduce the ac components of the dc-link capacitors of the two-level Half-Bridge Voltage Source Inverter (HB-VSI), high dc-link capacitances are required. This necessitates the employment of short-lifetime and bulky electrolytic capacitors. In this paper, an analysis for the performance of low dc-link capacitances-based HB-VSI is presented to elucidate its ability to generate an enhanced fundamental output voltage magnitude without increasing the voltage rating of the involved switches. This feature is constrained by the load displacement factor. The introduced enhancement is due to the ac components of the capacitors' voltages. The presented approach can be employed for multi-phase systems through using multi single-phase HB-VSI(s). Mathematical analysis of the proposed approach is presented in this paper. To ensure a successful operation of the proposed approach, a closed loop current controller is examined. An expression for the critical dc-link capacitance, which is the lowest dc-link capacitance that can be employed for unipolar capacitors' voltages, is derived. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed claims.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 부분방전 시스템 응용을 위한 특 고압 80 pF (17kV AC) 마이카 커패시터를 연구하였다. 그리고 커패시터를 설계하기 위한 프로그램이 직병렬 파라미터를 추출하도록 개발되었다. 마이카는 커패시터의 유전체로 사용되었다. 30mm$\times$35mm 크키의 50$\mu$m 두께 마이카 시트가 병렬 커패시터 요소를 형성하도록 연박과 사용되었다. 20개의 마이카 시트는 커패시터의 요구에 맞추어 병렬 커패시터 요소의 직렬 스택을 형성하도록 연박으로 분리되었다. 17kV AC에 대한 제작된 80pF 커패시터의 크기는 90mm$\times$90mm이다. 제작된 커패시터에 대한 커패시턴스(C)와 손실률(D)의 고주파수 특성은 커패시턴스 메타를 사용하여 측정되었다. 제작된 커패시터는 150kHz$\sim$50MHz 주파수 범위에서 79.5pF의 커패시턴스와 0.001%의 손실률을 갖고, 65MHz에서 자기공진주파수를 가진다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.48-55
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 방사상 배전계통에 있어서 손실감소 및 전압보상을 위한 커패시터 최적배치 및 운용 방안을 제시하였다. 커패시터 배치와 관련된 비용함수를 실제 뱅크단위로 이산성을 고려하여 계단함수로 정식화하였다. 불연속이면서 미분 불가능한 함수인 커패시터 배치와 관련된 비용함수의 해를 효율적으로 구하기 위하여 전역적탐색기법인 GA를 이요하였다. 특히, GA의 스트링을 커패시터가 배치될 모선의 인덱스와 투입량인 뱅크단위로 동시에 구성하여 기존의 방법보다 효율적으로 해를 탐색하였다. 또한 스트링의 길이를 변화시킬 수 있는 길이 돌연변이(length mutation) 연산자를 사용하므로써 효과적으로 커패시터 설치위치의 수를 결정할 수 있었다. 제안한 커패시터 설치위치와 투입량을 동싱에 탐색할 수 있는 방안으로부터 커패시터의 최소 투입량으로 다양한 부하레벨에서 전력손실을 감소시키고, 전압강하를 적절히 보강시킬수 있다. 이에 대한 효용성을 입증하기 위하여 22kV-9-section feeler로 구성된 방사상 배전계통에 적용하였다.