• 제목/요약/키워드: Xenotransplantation

검색결과 149건 처리시간 0.025초

The Effect of Preferable Enrichments in the Laboratory Minipigs

  • Jeon, Ryoung-Hoon;Kim, Seung-Joon;Lee, Won-Jae
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.305-310
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    • 2017
  • Miniature pig (minipig) has been considered as an important laboratory animal in the developmental biotechnology researches with respect to xenotransplantation, stem cell, somatic cell nuclear transfer and embryo transfer. Given that the laboratory minipigs are normally housed at an indoor facility, they pass the time with lying or sleeping unless it is feeding time. Therefore, it is necessary to provide environmental enrichments to satisfy their innate needs and to lessen atypical behaviors caused by stress, on the purpose of welfare. We quantitatively investigated the type of preferable enrichment for the laboratory minipigs as well as its effect on their daily life. They presented a great interest to the pliable pail but a rapid loss of attraction to non-preferable enrichments. When the daily life of the single housed minipigs was quantified based on duration of playing or resting, they were more actively engaged in lively activities in the presence of enrichments. In addition, the provision of enrichments could effectively alleviate the conflicts during group housing when new pen mate was introduced, resulting in reduction of wound cases. We believe the considerations of animal welfare are essential to the conduct of better research because animals in the non-stressful environment will be more physiologically stable and provide more reliable results in the animal experiments.

Gene Expression Analysis of Pregnant Specific Stage in the Miniature Pig Ovary

  • Yun, Seong-Jo;Noh, Won-Gun;Yoon, Jong-Taek;Min, Kwan-Sik
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 2009
  • The miniature pig is considered to be a better organ donor breed for xenotransplantation than other pig breeds because the size of the organs of the miniature pig is similar to that of humans. In this study, we aimed at identifying differentially expressed genes in the miniature pig ovary during pregnancy. For this, we used the miniature pig ovary model, annealing control primer-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and northern blotting analysis. We identified 13 genes showing differential expression on the based of pregnancy status and validated 8 genes using qRT-PCR. We also sequenced the full-length cDNA of ephrin receptor A4 (EphA4), which had a significant difference in expression level, and validated it by northern blotting. These genes may provide a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms during pregnancy in miniature pig ovary.

The Localization of Cytokeratin 19 and Vimentin in Sprague Dawley Albino Rat Skin Tissue

  • Kim, Tae Keun;Kim, Yong Joo;Min, Byoung Hoon;Kim, Soo Jin
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 2014
  • Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expressed in epidermis of skin, bulge region of hair follicle, outermost layer of outer root sheath and proximal and distal to bulge. Vimentin is a fibrous protein that localized in cytoplasm of fibroblast and forms cytoskeleton to maintain shape of cell and nucleus. In this study, CK19 and vimentin in skin were confirmed with light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscope. As a result, CK19 was localized epidermis, hair follicles, outer root sheath and nucleus of Merkel's cell. However, vimentin was localized some epidermis, dermis, hypodermis and nucleus of Merkel's cell. The role of CK19 is self-renewal and homeostasis in skin. Also, hair follicle regeneration and hair growth is known to be related. It is supposed that required of structural proteins that make up cytoskeleton is increased. Thereby, expression of CK19 is increased. It is considered that vimentin localized in order to stabilize structure of cell and cytoskeleton of fibroblasts. Also, CK19 and vimentin present in nuclei of Merkel's cell, and to act as a fibrous protein that make up end of a nerve fiber present in Merkel's cell and paracrine function of Merkel's cell.

Comparison of the Effects of Retroviral Restriction Factors Involved in Resistance to Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus

  • Bae, Eun Hye;Jung, Yong-Tae
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.577-583
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    • 2014
  • Three major classes of retroviral restriction factors (APOBEC3G, Tetherin, and TRIM5${\alpha}$) have been identified in mammals. Restriction factors are cellular proteins that are able to limit viral replication by targeting specific steps of the viral life cycle. To evaluate which restriction factor is the most effective to inhibit the replication of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs), the antiviral activity of each restriction factor was compared. In pseudotype assay, the antiviral activity of human tetherin against PERV pseudotype was slightly weaker than that of human APOBEC3G (hA3G). A combination of tetherin and hA3G was more potent than each individual restriction factor. We questioned whether a combination of tetherin and hA3G could also inhibit the spreading replication of PERV. In agreement with the pseudotype assay, two restriction factors inhibit infectious PERV replication in a spreading infection. In this study, hA3G could strongly inhibit the replication of PERV, but tetherin modestly restricted it. Based on these results, we concluded that a combination of tetherin and hA3G is the most effective way to restrict PERV. A combination of different restriction factors will encourage the development of a new approach to treat retroviral disease.

Erratum to: Severe combined immunodeficiency pig as an emerging animal model for human diseases and regenerative medicines

  • Iqbal, Muhammad Arsalan;Hong, Kwonho;Kim, Jin Hoi;Choi, Youngsok
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제52권12호
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    • pp.718-727
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    • 2019
  • Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by compromised T lymphocyte differentiation related to abnormal development of other lymphocytes [i.e., B and/or natural killer (NK) cells], leading to death early in life unless treated immediately with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Functional NK cells may impact engraftment success of life-saving procedures such as bone marrow transplantation in human SCID patients. Therefore, in animal models, a T cell-/B cell-/NK cell+ environment provides a valuable tool for understanding the function of the innate immune system and for developing targeted NK therapies against human immune diseases. In this review, we focus on underlying mechanisms of human SCID, recent progress in the development of SCID animal models, and utilization of SCID pig model in biomedical sciences. Numerous physiologies in pig are comparable to those in human such as immune system, X-linked heritability, typical T-B+NK- cellular phenotype, and anatomy. Due to analogous features of pig to those of human, studies have found that immunodeficient pig is the most appropriate model for human SCID.

Severe combined immunodeficiency pig as an emerging animal model for human diseases and regenerative medicines

  • Iqbal, Muhammad Arsalan;Hong, Kwonho;Kim, Jin Hoi;Choi, Youngsok
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제52권11호
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    • pp.625-634
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    • 2019
  • Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by compromised T lymphocyte differentiation related to abnormal development of other lymphocytes [i.e., B and/or natural killer (NK) cells], leading to death early in life unless treated immediately with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Functional NK cells may impact engraftment success of life-saving procedures such as bone marrow transplantation in human SCID patients. Therefore, in animal models, a T cell-/B cell-/NK cell+ environment provides a valuable tool for understanding the function of the innate immune system and for developing targeted NK therapies against human immune diseases. In this review, we focus on underlying mechanisms of human SCID, recent progress in the development of SCID animal models, and utilization of SCID pig model in biomedical sciences. Numerous physiologies in pig are comparable to those in human such as immune system, X-linked heritability, typical T-B+NK- cellular phenotype, and anatomy. Due to analogous features of pig to those of human, studies have found that immunodeficient pig is the most appropriate model for human SCID.

Current status and future of gene engineering in livestock

  • Dong-Hyeok Kwon;Gyeong-Min Gim;Soo-Young Yum;Goo Jang
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제57권1호
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    • pp.50-59
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    • 2024
  • The application of gene engineering in livestock is necessary for various reasons, such as increasing productivity and producing disease resistance and biomedicine models. Overall, gene engineering provides benefits to the agricultural and research aspects, and humans. In particular, productivity can be increased by producing livestock with enhanced growth and improved feed conversion efficiency. In addition, the application of the disease resistance models prevents the spread of infectious diseases, which reduces the need for treatment, such as the use of antibiotics; consequently, it promotes the overall health of the herd and reduces unexpected economic losses. The application of biomedicine could be a valuable tool for understanding specific livestock diseases and improving human welfare through the development and testing of new vaccines, research on human physiology, such as human metabolism or immune response, and research and development of xenotransplantation models. Gene engineering technology has been evolving, from random, time-consuming, and laborious methods to specific, time-saving, convenient, and stable methods. This paper reviews the overall trend of genetic engineering technologies development and their application for efficient production of genetically engineered livestock, and provides examples of technologies approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for application in humans.

Reproductive ability of minipigs as surrogates for somatic cell nuclear transfer

  • Joonho Moon;Su-Jin Kim;Jinseok Lee;Hyeyoung Kang;Bumrae Cho;Sung Joo Kim
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제66권1호
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    • pp.156-166
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    • 2024
  • Pigs are genetically, anatomically, and physiologically similar to humans. Recently, pigs are in the spotlight as a suitable source animal for xenotransplantation. However, to use pigs as source animals, pigs should be raised in designated pathogen-free facilities. There is abundant data from embryo transfer (ET) experiments using farm pigs as surrogates, but data on ET experiments using minipigs are scarce. Eighty minipigs were used for ET experiments and after transplantation, the implantation and delivery rates were investigated. It was also confirmed whether the pregnancy rate could be increased by changing the condition or surgical method of the surrogate. In the case of minipigs that gave birth, the size of the fetal sac on the 28th day of ET was also measured. The factors that can affect the pregnancy rate such as estrus synchronization program, ovulation status at the time of ET, the number of repeated ET surgeries, and the ET sites, were changed, and the differences on the pregnancy rate were observed. However there were no significant differences in pregnancy rate in minipigs. The diameter of the implanted fetal sac on the 28th day after ET in the minipigs whose delivery was confirmed was calculated to be 4.7 ± 0.5 cm. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in pregnancy rate of minipigs in the comparative experiment on various factors affecting the pregnancy rate. However, additional experiments and analyses are needed due to the large individual differences of the minipigs.

돼지의 심낭, 판막을 이용한 이종이식 보철편의 개발(고정 방법에 따른 조직학적 분석) (Development of Porcine Pericardial Heterograft for Clinical Application (Microscopic Analysis of Various Fixation Methods))

  • 김관창;최창휴;이창하;이철;오삼세;박성식;김웅한;김경환;김용진
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제41권3호
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    • pp.295-304
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    • 2008
  • 배경: 지금까지 심장 및 혈관 등의 결손을 교정하기 위하여 자기 조직이 아닌 다른 보철편의 필요가 증가함에 따라, 그에 따른 다양한 대체제가 연구 개발되고 있으며, 임상에서 실제로 흔히 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 새로운 조직의 처리방법을 개발하기 위하여 이미 상용화되고 있는 기존의 일부 이종이식 보철편들과, 여러 가지 조건들에서 제조되는 이종조직인 돼지 심낭과 대동맥, 페동맥판막 등의 보철편들의 임상적용 전에 각종 고정, 처리 방법에 따른 이종조직의 조직학적 변성이나 변화의 가능성을, 물리적, 구조적, 기능적 치적의 상태를 분석하기 위하여 광학 현미경 및 전자 현미경 소견을 통하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1) 0.625% glutaraldehyde용액에 고정 전과 고정 후의 돼지 심낭과 대동맥, 폐동맥판막, 사람의 심낭, 그리고 상용화되고 있는 기존의 이종이식 보철편들과 광학 및 전자현미경으로 비교관찰 하였다. 2) 돼지 심낭과 대동맥, 페동맥판막을 0.625% glutaraldehyde 고정 전과 고정 후에 80% Ethanol 처리한 군과, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) 을 이용하여 무세포화 처리만 시행한 군, 무세포화과정 후에 0.625% glutaraldehyde 고정한 군, 80% ethanol 처리 후 다시 무세포화과정을 한 후 0.625% glutaraldehyde 고정한 군, 무세포화한 후 다시 ethanol 처리 후 다시 0.625% glutaraldehyde 고정한 군으로 나누어 각각을 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다 결과: 1) 돼지 심낭은 장막 층(serosal layer), 섬유층(fibrosa), 심외막 결합조직(epicardial connective tissue)로 이루어져 있었으며, 여러 가지 처치 후에도 모두 콜라겐 섬유는 잘 유지되고 있었다. 하지만 무세포화만 시행하거나 먼저 무세포화 처리한 군의 콜라겐구조는 다른 군에 비해 느슨하게 연결된(loosely condensed) 양상이었다. 기존의 소나 돼지의 심낭으로 만들어진 Shelhign, Biocor, Supple Peri-guard 등의 제품들의 콜라겐 섬유는 비교적 잘 유지되고 있었다. 2) 돼지 대동맥, 폐동맥 판막은 섬유판(lamina fibrosa), 해면질판(lamina spongiosa), 심실판(lamina ventricularis) 세층으로 이루어져 있었으며 이 판막들은 여러 가지 처치 후에도 모두 세층과 콜라겐 섬유는 잘 유지되고 있었다. 하지만 무세포화만 시행하거나 민저 처리한 군은 신낭에서 처럼 콜라겐구조는 다른 군에 비해 약간 느슨하게 연결된(loosely condensed) 양상이었다. 돼지 대동맥판막으로 만들어진 Carpentier Edwards, Medtronics, Shelhigh, Biocor의 다른 제품들도 세 개의 층은 잘 유지되었고 콜라겐도 잘 유지되고 있었다. 결론: 이종이식 돼지심낭과 대동맥 판막, 폐동맥 판막 보철편은 여러 조건하의 고정 방법들에 따라 광학 및 전자 현미경적 구조의 확연한 차이를 보이지 않아, Glutaraldehyde를 이용한 각종 조직 처리과정 중 조직손상에 의한 구조적, 기계적손실은 없는 것으로 생각되며, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)을 이용하여 무세포화 처리를 시행한 경우 대부분의 보철편에서 콜라겐 조직의 미세한 변성이나 분해(degradation)가 광학 및 전자현미경에서 관찰되어, 무세포화의 처리방법이나 조건의 적절화가 필요한 것으로 생각되었다.

Isolation and Characterization of PERV-C env from Domestic Pig in Korea

  • Park, Sung-Han;Bae, Eun-Hye;Park, Sang-Min;Park, Jin-Woo;Lim, Mi-Suk;Jung, Yong-Tae
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권10호
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    • pp.1735-1740
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    • 2008
  • Clone PERV-C (A3) env was isolated from the genomic DNA of domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) in Korea to investigate the molecular properties of PERV-C. The nucleic acid homologies between the PERV-MSL (type C) reference and the PERV-C(A3) clone was 99% for env, but a single base pair deletion was found in the transmembrane (TM) region of the env open reading frame. To examine the functional characteristics of truncated PERV-C env, we constructed a replication-incompetent retroviral vector by replacing the env gene of the pCL-Eco retrovirus vector with PERV-C env. A retroviral vector bearing PERV-C/A chimeric envelopes was also created to complement the TM defect. Our results indicated that truncated PERV-C env was not infectious in human cells as expected. Interestingly, however, the vector with the PERV-C/A envelope was able to infect 293 cells. This observation suggests that recombination within PERV-C TM could render PERV-C infectious in humans. To further characterize PERV-C/A envelopes, we constructed an infectious molecular clone by using a PCR-based technique. This infectious molecular clone will be useful to examine more specific regions that are critical for human cell tropism.