• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.719-732
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• 2007

Purpose: Various bone graft materials are being used for periodontal tissue regeneration. Th materials are being developed continuously for ideal clinical effects. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the clinical characteristics of each bone graft material through comparing the various bone graft materials statistically and in doing so, proposing a more efficient bone graft material. In this study, the following results were attained through comparing the clinical effects among the bone graft materials, using the statistical method based on the clinical studies published at the department of periodontology of Yonsei hospital. Materials and Method: 6 selected studies of department of Periodontology at Yonsei University Hospital were based on clinical study of bone grafting in intrabony defects. It was compared the clinical parameters among the 6 clinical studies, using the statistical META analysis. Result: When comparing the probing depth reduction, there was a relatively great amount of decease when using the xenograft, Anorganic Bovine Derived Hydroxapatite Bone Matrix/Cell Binding Peptide(ABM/P-15: PepGen $P-15^{(R)}$) and the autogenous bone and absorbable membrane, d, 1-alctide/glycolide copolymer(GC: $Biomesh^{(R)}$). The allogfrafts showed a relatively low decrease in the probing depth and clinical attachment change. It also showed a slight decrease in the bone probing depth. The allografts showed various results according to different bone graft materials. When comparing the ABM/P-15 and bovine bone $powder(BBP^{(R)})$, ABM/P-15 showed a relatively high clinical attachment level and the bovine bone powder showed a relatively high clinical attachment level. The probing depth change and gingival recession change showed a lower value than the mean value between the two bone graft materials. The synthetic bone showed a relatively high decrease in clinical attachment level and periodontal probing depth change. There was a relatively larger amount of gingival recession when using Bioactive Glass(BG) but a relatively low bone regeneration effect was seen. Conclusion: Good restorative results of the periodontal tissue can be attained by applying the various bone graft materials being used today after identifying the accurate clinical effects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2007

The edentulous posterior maxilla generally provides a limited amount of bone height because of atrophy of the ridge and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, Maxillary sinus augmentation is one of the surgical techniques for reconstruction of the severely resorbed posterior maxilla. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rate of implants and the long-term changes of graft height after maxillary sinus augmentation by lateral window approach. From September 1996 to July 2004, maxillary sinus augmentation with mixed grafts of autograft, allograft, xenograft and alloplast were performed on 45 patients and 100 implants were placed. We evaluated the survival rate of implants and the changes of BL(bone length)/IL(implant length) according to time using panoramic radiographs. The survival rate of implants was 91.0% for follow-up period. The mean reduction of graft heights was 0.34mm(3.0%) for 6 months and 1.22mm(1O.66%) for 3 years after augmentation. The total mean BL/IL was $1.34{\pm}0.21$ during 5 year observation period after augmentation and decreased slightly over time. The result means that graft materials were stable above the implant apex. BL/ILs of 1stage procedure were significantly decreased at 1-2 year, 3-4 year after augmentation and no statistically significant changes were observed in those of 2 stage procedure. The graft materials of both procedures were stable above the implant apex. No statistically significant changes of BL/IL were observed in the grafts combined with low amount of autogenous bone or without autogenous bone. The graft materials of both groups were stable above the implant apex. The results indicated that the placement of dental implants with maxillary sinus augmentation showed predictable clinical results and the grafts combined with low amount of autogenous bone or without autogenous bone had long-term resistance to resorption in maxillary sinus.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2007

Periodontal surgery as part of the treatment of periodontal disease is mainly performed 1) to gain access to diseased areas for adequate cleaning; 2) to achieve pocket reduction or elimination; and 3) to restore the periodontal tissues lost through the disease; i.e., a new attachment formation of periodontal regeneration. To accomplish the latter, often referred to as the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy, a number of surgical procedures have been advocated throughout the years. Clinical studies have demonstrated that considerable gain of clinical attachment and bone can be achieved following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy of intrabony defects. The aim of this study was to analyse the radiographic bone changes 2-year after GTR using a bone graft material and nonresorbable membrane. Patients attending the department of periodontics of Kyungpook National University Hospital were studied. Patients had clinical and radiographic evidence of intrabony defect(s), 33 sites of 30 patients aged 32 to 56 (mean age 45.6) were treated by GTR with a bone graft material and nonresorbable membrane. Baseline and 2-year follow-up radiographs were collected and evaluated for this study. Radiographic assessment includes a bone fill, bone crest change, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. Pre- and post-treatment differences between variables (maxilla and mandible, defect depth, defect angle, bone graft materials) using the paired t-test were examined. We observed $2.86{\pm}1,87mm$ of bone fill, $065{\pm}0.79mm$ of crestal resorption, $3.49{\pm}2.11mm$ of defect resolution, and $44.42{\pm}19.51%$ of percentage of defect resolution. Mandible, deeper initial defect depth, narrower initial defect angle showed greater bone fill, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. But no difference was observed between xenograft and allograft. Outcome of GTR as a therapy of intrabony defect was better than other therapy, but herein, good oral hygiene maintenance as a anti-infective treatment and periodic recall check of patients are essential.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2020

Background: Multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy drugs remains a major challenge in clinical cancer treatment. Here we investigated whether and how ginsenoside Rg5 overcomes the MDR mediated by ABCB1 transporter in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Cytotoxicity and colon formation as well as the intracellular accumulation of ABCB1 substrates were carried out in MDR cancer cells A2780/T and A549/T for evaluating the reversal effects of Rg5. The expressions of ABCB1 and Nrf2/AKT pathway were determined by Western blotting. An A549/T cell xenograft model was established to investigate the MDR reversal activity of Rg5 in vivo. Results: Rg5 significantly reversed ABCB1-mediated MDR by increasing the intracellular accumulation of ABCB1 substrates without altering protein expression of ABCB1. Moreover, Rg5 activated ABCB1 ATPase and reduced verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity, suggesting a high affinity of Rg5 to ABCB1 binding site which was further demonstrated by molecular docking analysis. In addition, co-treatment of Rg5 and docetaxel (TXT) suppressed the expression of Nrf2 and phosphorylation of AKT, indicating that sensitizing effect of Rg5 associated with AKT/Nrf2 pathway. In nude mice bearing A549/T tumor, Rg5 and TXT treatment significantly suppressed the growth of drug-resistant tumors without increase in toxicity when compared to TXT given alone at same dose. Conclusion: Therefore, combination therapy of Rg5 and chemotherapy drugs is a strategy for the adjuvant chemotherapy, which encourages further pharmacokinetic and clinical studies.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2011

This study was compared microbiological safety with gamma-irradiated porcine tendon and skin, as materials for the development of xenografts to regenerate damaged tissues and protect secondary contamination. The porcine tendon and skin were gamma-irradiated after inoculation of bacteria and virus to evaluate irradiation sensitivity of microorganisms. The result showed that the porcine tendon and skin were not different on the sensitivity of microorganisms by gamma irradiation. Bacteria inoculated in the porcine tendon and skin were confirmed that E. coli was the $D_{10}$ values of $0.32{\pm}0.082$ and $0.25{\pm}0.1kGy$ on tendon and skin, and B. subtilis was $4.00{\pm}0.312$ and $3.88{\pm}0.3kGy$ on gamma irradiation, respectively. Moreover, Virus inoculated in the porcine tendon and skin was observed that poliovirus (PV) was $6.26{\pm}0.332$ and $6.88{\pm}0.3kGy$, and porcine parvovirus (PPV) was $1.75{\pm}0.131$ and $1.73{\pm}0.2kGy$ and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was $3.70{\pm}0.212$ and $3.81{\pm}0.2kGy$ on gamma irradiation, respectively. Virus showed higher resistance compared to bacteria on gamma irradiation, but was not detected CPE (cytopathic effect) by virus both tendon and skin at 25 kGy, a standard dose recommended from IAEA for sterilization of medical products. Therefore, These results were considered that gamma irradiation could control effectively bacteria and virus to develop safe porcine xenograft, and apply same irradiation doses to all tissues including tendon and skin of porcine.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.468-480
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• 2021

Ubiquitin D (UBD) is highly upregulated in many cancers, and plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological processes of cancers. However, its roles and underlying mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of UBD in patients with OSCC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to measure the expression of UBD in OSCC tissues. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect the differential expressions of UBD in 244 OSCC patients and 32 cases of normal oral mucosae. In addition, CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effect of UBD on the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in OSCC. Furthermore, a xenograft tumor model was established to verify the role of UBD on tumor formation in vivo. We found that UBD was upregulated in human OSCC tissues and cell lines and was associated with clinical and pathological features of patients. Moreover, the overexpression of UBD promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells; however, the knockdown of UBD exerted the opposite effects. In this study, our results also suggested that UBD promoted OSCC progression through NF-κB signaling. Our findings indicated that UBD played a critical role in OSCC and may serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for OSCC treatment.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2019

기존에는 방사선 요법은 효과에 비해 소화기 점막 궤양 등 부작용이 많다. 본 연구는 방사선의 작용을 모사하는 방사선 모사 미생물 유래 리보솜 스트레스 반응을 이용하여 방사선 치료의 한계를 대체할 기전적 방법을 모색하고자 한다. 암 치료의 평가를 위해서 대장암의 비균질적인 세포구성, 종양줄기세포 및 주위 미세환경 및 배양 기질 등의 상호작용을 고려할 수 있는 소화기암 스페로이드를 이용하였다. 대조군 대장암 스페로이드에 비해서 리보솜 스트레스하에서는 스페로이드 구조가 상대적으로 큰 군집을 형성하였다. 하지만 이는 구조 자체가 매우 섬긴 세포간 구성을 가진 스페로이드였으며 스페로이드 형성과정의 크기 수축은 대조군에 비해 매우 느리게 나타났다. 대조군은 강하게 뭉친 소규모 클러스트의 집합체가 최종적으로 스페로이드를 형성하여 물리적 손상을 받아도 단단한 소규모 클러스트는 유지되나 리보솜 스트레스 하에서는 물리적 손상에 의해 형태가 파손 후에는 스페로이드 형성이 거의 일어나지 않았다. 기전적으로 리보솜 스트레스 하에서 암세포의 군집하는 이동속도는 매우 느렸으며, 뭉치더라도 세포-세포간 접합부위가 상대적으로 적었다. 이 대장암 스페로이드를 이종 및 동종 이식을 통해 동물에서 증식 시 종양 조직 형성이 매우 억제되었으며, 형성이 되어도 세포-세포간 접합에 핵심단백질인 E-cadherin의 발현이 매우 감소 됨을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 방사선 모사 미생물 유래 리보솜 스트레스는 종양 스페로이드 세포 이동 및 접합을 저해하여 3차원 구조 형성 결함을 유발하였으며, 향후 방사선을 대체하여 약물적으로 방사선 항암효과를 구현하는 기반을 제공한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.551-561
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• 2021

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancers, such as papillary and follicular cancers, have a favorable prognosis. However, poorly differentiated thyroid cancers, such as medullary, squamous and anaplastic advanced thyroid cancers, are very aggressive and insensitive to radioiodine treatment. Thus, novel therapies that attenuate metastasis are urgently needed. We found that both PDGFC and PDGFRA are predominantly expressed in thyroid cancers and that the survival rate is significantly lower in patients with high PDGFRA expression. This finding indicates the important role of PDGF/PDGFR signaling in thyroid cancer development. Next, we established a SW579 squamous thyroid cancer cell line with 95.6% PDGFRA gene insertion and deletions (indels) through CRISPR/Cas9. Protein and invasion analysis showed a dramatic loss in EMT marker expression and metastatic ability. Furthermore, xenograft tumors derived from PDGFRA geneedited SW579 cells exhibited a minor decrease in tumor growth. However, distant lung metastasis was completely abolished upon PDGFRA gene editing, implying that PDGFRA could be an effective target to inhibit distant metastasis in advanced thyroid cancers. To translate this finding to the clinic, we used the most relevant multikinase inhibitor, imatinib, to inhibit PDGFRA signaling. The results showed that imatinib significantly suppressed cell growth, induced cell cycle arrest and cell death in SW579 cells. Our developed noninvasive apoptosis detection sensor (NIADS) indicated that imatinib induced cell apoptosis through caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, we believe that developing a specific and selective targeted therapy for PDGFRA would effectively suppress PDGFRA-mediated cancer aggressiveness in advanced thyroid cancers.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.790-800
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• 2022

Objective : EID3 (EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation) was identified as a novel member of EID family and plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer development. However, its role in glioma remained elusive. In current study, we identified EID3 as a novel oncogenic molecule in human glioma and is critical for glioma cell survival, proliferation and invasion. Methods : A total of five patients with glioma were recruited in present study and fresh glioma samples were removed from patients. Four weeks old male non-obese diabetic severe combined immune deficiency (NOD/SCID) mice were used as transplant recipient models. The subcutaneous tumor size was calculated and recorded every week with vernier caliper. EID3 and AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) expression levels were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Colony formation assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays were performed for cell viability assessment. Trypan blue staining approach was applied for cell death assessment. Cell Apoptosis DNA ELISA Detection Kit was used for apoptosis assessment. Results : EID3 was preferentially expressed in glioma tissues/cells, while undetectable in astrocytes, neuronal cells, or normal brain tissues. EID3 knocking down significantly hindered glioma cell proliferation and invasion, as well as induced reduction of cell viability, apoptosis and cell death. EID3 knocking down also greatly inhibited tumor growth in SCID mice. Knocking down of AMPKα1 could effectively rescue glioma cells from apoptosis and cell death caused by EID3 absence, indicating that AMPKα1 acted as a key downstream regulator of EID3 and mediated suppression effects caused by EID3 knocking down inhibition. These findings were confirmed in glioma cells generated patient-derived xenograft models. AMPKα1 protein levels were affected by MG132 treatment in glioma, which suggested EID3 might down regulate AMPKα1 through protein degradation. Conclusion : Collectively, our study demonstrated that EID3 promoted glioma cell proliferation and survival by inhibiting AMPKα1 expression. Targeting EID3 might represent a promising strategy for treating glioma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2022

Background: While the use of bioprosthetic valves for mitral valve replacement (MVR) is increasing, very few studies have compared bovine pericardial and porcine valves in the mitral position to help guide bioprosthetic selection. Methods: In the present study, patients who underwent MVR using bovine pericardial valves were compared with those who underwent MVR with porcine bioprostheses between January 1996 and July 2018. Those with prior MVR, infective endocarditis, congenital mitral valve disease, or ischemic mitral regurgitation were excluded. The primary outcomes were structural valve deterioration (SVD) and mitral valve reoperation from any cause, and death was regarded as a competing risk. Competing risk analysis and propensity score-matching were used for comparisons. Results: Among the 388 patients enrolled, pericardial and porcine bioprostheses were implanted in 217 (55.9%) and 171 (44.1%), respectively. Propensity score-matching yielded 122 pairs of patients that were well-balanced for all baseline covariates. No significant differences were observed between the groups in unadjusted (p=0.09) and adjusted overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-1.76; p=0.60). Competing risk analysis revealed no significant differences in the risks of mitral reoperation (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.50-2.27; p=0.86) and development of SVD (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.56-4.36; p=0.39) between the groups. Matched population analysis confirmed similar results regarding reoperation (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.40-3.22; p=0.98) and SVD (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.41-4.73; p=0.60). Conclusion: No significant differences in survival or valve durability were observed between bovine pericardial and porcine bioprosthetic MVR. These findings require further validation through studies with larger sample sizes.