• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

Objectives : To demonstrate the need for differential diagnosis between discogenic pain and lumbar sprain and strain in acute low-back pain patients. Methods : Outpatients who made their first visits during May 1, 2009 to Oct. 30, 2009(n=53) were examined by history taking, physical examination, X-rays, and CT imaging. Disorders found on lumbosacral spine X-ray cuts and those on lumbosacral spine CT images were separately recorded. The relationship between treatment period, disc space narrowing and disc degeneration on X-rays, and HIVD on CT images was examined. Results : 1. Correlation between disc space narrowing on X-rays and HIVD found on CT images was analyzed. 21(72.41%) out of 29 patients having disc space narrowing on X-rays and HIVD on CT at the same level required treatment for over 8 weeks. 2. 2(50%) out of 4 Lawrence classification grade I patients, 8(66.67%) out of 12 grade II patients, and 14(70%) out of 20 grade III patients needed treatment for over 8 weeks. Conclusions : Disc space narrowing on X-ray and HIVD on CT at the same level, or disc space narrowing and disc degeneration on X-ray image alone indicate a tendency for treatment periods over 8 weeks, which is longer than the conventional treatment period for lumbar strain and sprain.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.381-387
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• 1999

목적: 직업성 질병은 원인 규명과 함께 병의 진행정도를 정확히 평가하는 것이 중요하여 ILO에서 흉부 X-선 소견을 기준으로 국제표준화를 시행하여 왔으나 사진의 질에 영향을 받을 수 있고, 초기 병변을 발견하기에는 어려움이 많다. 본 연구자들은 Ga-67의 섭취정도를 규폐증의 진행 정도를 나타내는 지표로 이용하기 위하여 폐기능검사 및 흉부 X-선 소견에 의한 임상적 병기 분류와의 상관관계를 보고자하였다. 대상 및 방법: 25명의 규폐증 환자를 대상으로 Ga-67 신티그라피를 분석하였으며 10명의 정상인을 대조군으로 하였다. 검사방법은 Ga-67 citrate, 5 mCi를 정맥 주사한 후 48시간 후 전신 스캔 및 흉부, 복부 스캔 영상을 얻어 후면상에서 간과 폐병변의 최대 섭취 부위의 관심영역을 설정하여 픽셀당 방사능 섭취 정도의 비를 구하여 임상적 병기 분류와의 상관관계를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: L/L Ratio 값은 정상군 0형(n=10): $0.3948{\pm}.0692$0, 1형(n=10): $0.5763{\pm}$0.1837, 2형(n= 11): $0.6849{\pm}0.1459$, 3형(n=4): $0.9913{\pm}0.0712$였으며 흉부 X-선의 분류형과 서로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.618, p<0.05). 그러나 L/L Ratio 값과 폐기능검사 지표와는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 저자들의 연구에 따르면 규폐증의 진행과정을 평가하여 환자의 병기를 결정하는 데 Ga-67 신티그라피의 정량적인 분석이 도움을 주었다. 그러나 폐기능과는 상관관계가 없어 폐기능을 평가하는 지표가 되지 못하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.438-442
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 무전해 도금법으로 니켈과 인을 탄소섬유 표면에 코팅한 후, 열처리시키는 과정에서 일어나는 변화를 다양한 분석방법을 이용하여 연구하였다. 전자현미경(Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM)을 이용한 연구에서는, 코팅 후 추가적인 열처리를 하지 않은 경우 평평한 표면구조를 관찰하였으나, 열처리 온도가 $350^{\circ}C$에 이르면서 다공성구조가 생성됨을 알았다. 열처리 온도를 $50^{\circ}C$ 간격으로 증가시키면서 연구한 결과 $650^{\circ}C$까지는 열처리 온도가 증가할수록 기공의 크기는 증가하고, 개수는 감소하는 경향성이 관찰되었다. X-선 회절법(x-ray diffraction, XRD) 측정 결과, 코팅 후 추가 열처리가 없는 경우 금속성 Ni, Ni-P 화합물이 관찰되었으며, 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 NiO 봉우리는 세기가 증가하며, 금속성 Ni 봉우리의 세기는 감소하였다. X-선 광전자 분광법(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS) 측정에서는 $650^{\circ}C$, $700^{\circ}C$의 열처리 후 인 산화물이 표면에서 검출됨을 확인하였는데, 이는 코팅된 니켈 필름의 내부에 존재하던 인 화합물이 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라서 표면 밖으로 빠져 나오는 현상이 일어나는 결과로 해석할 수 있다. 이상의 분석 데이터를 토대로, 무전해 도금으로 코팅된 Ni-P 화합물($Ni_xP_y$)이 열처리 과정에서 산화되면서, 이때 생성된 인 화합물 기체가 승화하면서 필름에 기공을 생성시키는 것으로 제안할 수 있다. 다공성 물질은 넓은 비표면적 등의 우수한 물성때문에 불균일 촉매 등 다양한 분야에 적용될 수 있으며, 본 연구에서 소개하는 다공성 니켈 필름의 제작법은 대량 생산에 적용이 쉬워 환경 필터 분야 등의 다양한 곳에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 1996

암석 및 토양 등의 지질시료에 미량으로 존재하는 우라늄과 토륨을 파장분산형 X-선 형광분석법을 사용하여 정량하였다. X-선관의 target 물질로 사용되는 Rh의 산란선을 내부 표준물질로 사용하였다. 토륨의 경우는 50초, 그리고 우라늄의 경우는 400초 동안 측정하였을 때, 우라늄과 토륨의 X-선 형광분석결과는 중성자방사화분석 및 유도결합플라즈마 원자방출분광분석의 결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며 10% 이내의 정밀도와 15% 이내의 정확도를 보여 주었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-67
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• 1986

Inclusion complexation of tiaprofenic acid (TPA) with cyclodextrins $({\alpha}-,\;{\beta}-,\;{\gamma}-CyDs)$ in aqueous solution and in solid phase was investigated by solubility method, measurement of partition coefficient, ultra-violet, circular dichroism, infrared spectroscopies, powder X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry. Investigations were made to prepare inclusion complexes of TPA with ${\beta}-CyD$ in solid powdered form by coprecipitation, freeze-drying, spray-drying and co-pulverization methods. The coprecipitation, freeze-drying and spray-drying methods were successful in obtaining inclusion complexes. The results showed that the latter two methods might be originally superior to the former in obtaining powdered inclusion completes. Especially, it was shown by powder X-ray diffractometry that spray-dried ${\beta}-CyD$ alone, TPA-spray-dried ${\beta}-CyD$ physical mixture, and spray-dried $TPA-{\beta}-CyD$ complex were amorphous. The dissolution behaviours of $TPA-{\beta}-CyD$ systems prepared by above four methods were compared with those of TPA alone and $TPA-{\beta}-CyD$ physical mixture, and the rates of dissolution of TPA in pH 1.2 buffer were greatly enhanced by inclusion complexation and copulverization.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2018

최근 하드웨어 키로거는 키보드 내부에 설치할 수 있는 작은 크기와 Wi-Fi 기능을 내장하고 있는 다양한 모듈식 키로거 제품들이 유통되고 있다. 이러한 키로거는 제3자에 의해서 악의적인 목적으로 사용될 경우 탐지가 어려워 정부와 군, 기업과 개인의 중요정보와 민감정보가 유출될 가능성이 높지만, 소프트웨어 키로거와 달리 대응 보안 솔루션과 탐지 방법에 대한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 하드웨어 키로거에 의한 보안 취약점과 기존 연구된 탐지 방법들을 살펴보고 키보드의 소비전력, 적외선 온도, X-RAY, 무게, 전자파 등의 비파괴 측정 방법을 통해 모듈식 하드웨어 키로거의 탐지 가능성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 방법을 실험 결과와 함께 제안한다.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2007

Objectives : To investigate the relationship in acute lateral tortipelvis and breaks in low back pain patients with acute lateral tortipelvis were discussed. Methods : The subject of this study consisted of 43 patients who were diagnosed as acute lateral tortipelvis by X-ray and 23 patients who were diagnosed as none tortipelvis by X-ray. We investigated acute lateral tortipelvis and breaks on X-ray film. Results and Conclusions : In the distribution of acute lateral tortipelvis, L4 was 17 cases(39.5%), L3 was 14 cases(32.6%), L2 was 9 cases(18.6%), L1 was 4 cases(9.3%) in the sequence. In acute lateral tortipelvis group, the number of breaks was more than none tortipelvis group(p>0.05). The most common parity of breaks was L4-5 in low back pain patient. Between distribution of lumbar level of acute lateral tortipelvis and breaks, there was no significant relationship.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.480-484
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• 2004

$LiGaO_2$ films have been grown on Si (100) substrates using a new single precursor $[Li(OCH_2CH_2OCH_3)_2-Ga(CH_3)_2]_2$ under high vacuum conditions $(5{\times}10^{-6}Torr)$. The $[Li(OCH_2CH_2OCH_3)_2Ga(CH_3)_2]_2$ was synthe-sized and characterized by using spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The chemical composition, crystalline structure, and morphology of the deposited films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that polycrystalline $LiGaO_2$ films preferentially oriented in the [010] direction can be deposited on Si (100) at 500-550$^{\circ}C$ by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The single precursor $[LiOCH_2CH_2OCH_3)_2-Ga(CH_3)_2]_2$ has been found suitable for chemical vapor deposition of $LiGaO_2$ thin films on Si substrates.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

Objective: The author measured levels of fluoroscopic radiation exposure to the surgeon's body based on the different beam directions during kyphoplasty. Methods: This is an observational study. A series of 84 patients (96 vertebral bodies) were treated with kyphoplasty over one year. The patients were divided into four groups based on the horizontal and vertical directions of the X-Ray beams. We measured radiation exposure with the seven dosimetry badges which were worn by the surgeon in each group (total of 28 badges). Twenty-four procedures were measured in each group. Cumulative dose and dose rates were compared between groups. Results: Fluoroscopic radiation is received by the operator in real-time for approximately 50% (half) of the operation time. Thyroid protectors and lead aprons can block radiation almost completely. The largest dose was received in the chest irrespective of beam directions. The lowest level of radiation were received when X-ray tube was away from the surgeon and beneath the bed (dose rate of head, neck, chest, abdomen and knee: 0.2986, 0.2828, 0.9711, 0.8977, 0.8168 mSv, respectively). The radiation differences between each group were approximately 2.7-10 folds. Conclusion: When fluoroscopic guided-KP is performed, the X-Ray tube should be positioned on the opposite side of the operator and below the table, otherwise the received radiation to the surgeon's body would be 2.7-10 times higher than such condition.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report that D.I.T.I. can be used for diagnosis of scoliosis. Methods: We measured the posterior trunk surface of the patients with shoulder pain or low back pain. They were ruled out as scoliosis by D.I.T.I. and compared with X-ray finding of T L-spine Ap views and calculated scoliosis angle. Results: In according to the spinoprocess curve in D.I.T.I. we could rule out as scoliosis. Thermal difference of left and right segmental areas of the patients was showed. Scoliosis angle of the patients ranged from $4^{\circ}$ to $11^{\circ}$ in X-ray finding. Conclusions: The results suggest that D.I.T.I. can explain physiologic and functional abnormalities than X-ray, in diagnosis of scoliosis. But further studies are required to for the diagnosis of scoliosis by analysing D.I.T.I..