• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.895-905
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• 2001

This paper presents vector fields, three dimensional mean velocities, turbulent intensities, turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stresses measured in the X-Y plane of the gas swirl burner with a cone type baffle plate by using an X-type hot-wire probe. This experiment is carried out at the flow rates of 350 and 450ℓ/min which are equivalent to the combustion air flow rate necessary to release 15,000 kcal/hr in a gas furnace. The results show that the maximum axial mean velocity component exists around the narrow slits situated radially on the edge of a burner. Therefore, there is some entrainment of ambient air in the outer region of a burner. The maximum values of turbulent intensities occur around the narrow slits and in front of a burner up to X/R=1.5. Moreover, the turbulent intensity components show a relatively large value in the inner region due to the flow diffusion and mixing processes between the inclined baffle plate and the swirl vane. Consequently, the combustion reaction is expected to occur actively near these regions.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 1986

The solubilization sites of aniline and its derivatives in micelles were investigated with fluorescence probe technique. The fluorescence probes employed in this study are 12-(9-anthroyl) stearic acid (AS) and 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS) which are incorporated in the interior of the micelle and attaced to its surface, respectively. As these two probes were effectively quenched by aniline and its surface, respectively. As these two probes were effectively quenched by aniline and its derivatives, the modified Stern-Volmer relationship in micellar system could be applicable to estimate the partition coefficient, $K_{p}$ of the solubilizate between aqueous and micellar phase. Because $K_{p}$ derived by this method reflects the relative proximity of the fluorophore to the quencher, the ratio of $K_{p}$ in the surface area to that in the interior of the micelle is interpreted in terms of the relative location of the solubilizate in micellar aggregate. The results show that the solubilizates are not located in a definite position but distributed in the multiple-sites of the micelle. The solubilization sites of the solubilizates in the icelle are dependent on their structures. As the solubilizate has more numbers of N-substituents of aniline and more numbers, of carbon in the substituent, it tends to incorporate in the interior of the micelle more effectively.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.635-643
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 무선 LAN 시스템에서 편파 다이버시티를 사용하기 위한 이중편파 특성을 가지는 2${\times}$2 배열 안테나를 설계, 제작하였다. 이중편파 안테나의 대역폭과 격리특성을 개선하고자 개구면 결합 급전 구조와 L형 이중 프루브 급전 구조를 사용하였다. 제작된 안테나의 -15dB 기준 반사손실 대역폭은 개구면 결합 급전에서 210MHz, L형 이중 프루브 급전에서 280MHz로 측정되었다. 두 입력포트간의 격리특성은 -40dB 이하이며, 안테나 이득은 무선 LAN 동작주파수 대역에서 14.3$\pm$0.2dBi로 측정되었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.388-392
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• 2004

genomics의 정보해석이나 신경전달물질 또는 약의 전달체계에서 아주 중요한 역할을 담당하는 막단백질의 구조연구는 기존의 X-ray나 용액상 핵자기공명분광법으로 수행하기 어려우나 지방질 이분자층이나 여러분자층에서 움직이지 않게 정렬시킨 단백질시료를 이용하여 특이하게 고안된 home-built solid-state NMR probe를 이용하면 구조를 연구할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 박테리오파지인 pf1의 growth, 분리, 정제 및 pf1에서의 coat protein의 분리, 정제과정과 최종적으로 분리 정제된 pf1의 coat protein의 인산지방질 이분자층에서의 구조를 고체상 핵자기공명 분광법을 이용하여 연구하고자 한다.

• 한국결정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정학회 2003년도 춘계학술연구발표회
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• pp.7-7
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• 2003

Heteromagnetic nanostructures, which consist of two or more different layers such as nonmagnet, insulator, ferromagnet, antiferromagnet, and superconductor, have been widely used in current and likely future spintronics devices. Their many intriguing magnetic properties are originated from a variety of magnetic interactions at relevant length scales at or near interfaces and between different constituent layers as well as laterally different regions in chemical and magnetic heterogeneity. The fundamental properties can thus differ along depth and laterally in the film plane, depending on their relevant coupling length scales. The entire properties may be characterized by interface properties and/or the depth-varying properties of the individual constituent layers, and lateral inhomogeneity as well. It is a challenge to investigate both depth-varying properties and lateral heterogeneity in such heteromagnetic nanostructures. In this talk, soft x-ray magneto-optical effect as a nanometer scale probe of a variety of heteromagnetic structures is presented and its related noble techniques are introduced. For instances, magnetization vector imaging to investigate vector spin configurations in the film plane is presented, as well as the Kerr rotation, ellipticity, and intensity measurements as a depth sensitive probe on the atomic scales.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.222-231
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• 1982

A single free jet formed by the interaction of two curved wall jets on a Cylinder surface is defined as "the Coanda nozzle jet" in this study. In order to investigate the characteristics of Coanda nozzle jet, an experimental analysis was carried out; measurements of the static pressure distribution on the cylinder surface, the mean velocity profile, the turbulence intensity, and the Reynolds shear stress by using x-type hot-wire probe.ire probe.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.402.1-402.1
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• 2014

Photonic force microscopy (PFM) is an optical tweezers-based scanning probe microscopy, which measures the forces in the range of fN to pN. The low stiffness leads proper to measure single molecular interaction. We introduce a novel photonic force microscopy to stably map various chemical properties as well as topographic information, utilizing weak molecular bond between probe and object's surface. First, we installed stable optical tweezers instrument, where an IR laser with 1064 nm wavelength was used as trapping source to reduce damage to biological sample. To manipulate trapped material, electric driven two-axis mirrors were used for x, y directional probe scanning and a piezo stage for z directional probe scanning. For resolution test, probe scans with vertical direction repeatedly at the same lateral position, where the vertical resolution is ~25 nm. To obtain the topography of surface which is etched glass, trapped bead scans 3-dimensionally and measures the contact position in each cycle. To acquire the chemical mapping, we design the DNA oligonucleotide pairs combining as a zipping structure, where one is attached at the surface of bead and other is arranged on surface. We measured the rupture force of molecular bonding to investigate chemical properties on the surface with various loading rate. We expect this system can realize a high-resolution multi-functional imaging technique able to acquire topographic map of objects and to distinguish difference of chemical properties between these objects simultaneously.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2013

This paper describes the highly productive process technologies of microprobe arrays, which were used for a probe card to test a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) chip with fine pitch pads. Cantilever-type microprobe arrays were fabricated using conventional micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) process technologies. Bonding material, gold-tin (Au-Sn) paste, was used to bond the Ni-Co alloy microprobes to the ceramic space transformer. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of a probe card with fabricated microprobes were measured by a conventional probe card tester. A probe card assembled with the fabricated microprobes showed good x-y alignment and planarity errors within ${\pm}5{\mu}m$ and ${\pm}10{\mu}m$, respectively. In addition, the average leakage current and contact resistance were approximately 1.04 nA and 0.054 ohm, respectively. The proposed highly productive microprobes can be applied to a MEMS probe card, to test a DRAM chip with fine pitch pads.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 1996

A gene coding for a pyruvyl transferase enzyme involved in exopolysaccharide biosynthesis of Zoogloea ramigera 115SLR was isolated and sequenced. A 4.5 kb of BamHI DNA fragment was isolated from chromosomal DNA using a probe derived from ketal pyruvyl transferase gene of Xanthomonas campestris. The nucleotide sequence of 2.66 kb Pst1/HindIII DNA fragment which was homology with a probe revealed the existence of two complete open reading frames (ORF2 and ORF3) and two partial open reading frames (ORFI and ORF4). The deduced amino acid sequence of ORF3 was homologous to the ketalase (GumL product) of X campestris with 49.5% of similarity and 21.6% of identity. ORF2 on the other hand showed the higher identity with the ketalase (ExoV product) of Rhizobium meliloti (36%) as well as the ketalase of X campestris (23%) than that of ORF3. A gene product of ORF2 was determined with a bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system in E. coli. The molecular weight of protein was 33,500 dalton.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1288-1288
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• 2001

X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is utilized for determination of polymorphism in crystalline organic materials. Though convenient to use in a laboratory setting, XRD is not easily adapted to in situ monitoring of synthetic chemical production applications. Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) can be adapted to in situ manufacturing schemes by use of a source/detector probe. Conversely, NIR is unable to conclusively define the existence of polymorphism in crystalline materials. By combining the two techniques, a novel simultaneous NIR/XRD instrument has been developed. During material's analysis, results from XRD allow for defining the polymorphic phase present, and NIR data are collected as a fingerprint for each of the observed polymorphs. These NIR fingerprints will allow for the development of a library, which can be referenced during the use of a NIR probe in manufacturing settings.