• 제목/요약/키워드: World health organization

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위암 수술 환자에서의 삶의 질 -WHOQOL-BREF의 타당도 및 유용성- (Quality of Life in Patients with Stomach Cancer after a Curative Resection -The validity and availability of WHOQOL-BREFE-)

  • 박이진;정양환;한상익;김진조;박승만
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • 제4권4호
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    • pp.263-267
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    • 2004
  • 목적: 본 연구는 위암 환자에서 한국판 단축형 세계보건 기구 삶의 질 척도의 타당도를 검증하고 이를 이용하여 위암 환자의 삶의 질을 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모자애병원 외과에서 근치적 절제술을 받은 50명의 위암 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 나이, 성별을 고려하여 선정된 성모자애병원 직원 50명을 대조군으로 하였다. 모든 대상군에게 100문항으로 이루어진 세계보건기구 삶의 질 척도를 구성하는 26문항을 선별하여, 환자군과 대조군에서 신체영역, 심리영역, 사회영역, 독립성 영역의 점수를 비교하였다. 결과: 각각의 영역에서 단축형 세계보건기구 삶의 질 척도 점수와 의미있는 상관관계를 보였다. 그리고 신체영역과 사회영역에서 위암 수술 환자의 삶의 질은 대조군과 비교해서 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 한국판 단축형 세계보건기구 삶의 질 척도는 위암 환자의 삶의 질을 평가하는 데 유용하고 타당한 도구라고 생각된다.

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지역약국에서 보고된 전문의약품과 일반의약품의 이상사례 보고현황 비교 분석 (Comparative Analysis of Ethical-the-counter Drugs and Over-the-counter Drugs for the Adverse Events from the Community Pharmacy)

  • 이모세;박소희;김나영;오인선;이정민;이의경;신주영
    • 한국임상약학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.230-237
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    • 2018
  • Objective: To compare adverse event reporting patterns between ethical-the-counter and over-the-counter drugs from community pharmacies and outpatient settings. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study using the adverse event reporting database, wherein data were collected from the regional pharmacovigilance centers of the Korean Pharmaceutical Association between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016. The reported drugs were classified into either ethical-the-counter or over-the-counter drugs, and we compared the distribution of patient age and gender, frequent adverse events and medications, serious adverse events, and causality assessment results, where causality assessments were performed according to the World Health Organization-The Uppsala Monitoring Centre's system. Results: We included 17,570 reports (75,451 drug-adverse event pairs). Ethical-the-counter and over-the-counter drugs accounted for 81.4% and 18.6% of the total adverse event reports, respectively. The use of over-the-counter drugs was higher in females and patients aged <18 years, whereas the use of ethical-the-counter drugs was higher in those aged >65 years. Alimentary tract and metabolism drugs, and respiratory system drugs were the most frequent ethical-the-counter and over-the-counter drugs, respectively. From causality assessment results, "possible" (75.4%) was the most commonly assigned category for ethical-the-counter drugs, while "possible" (44.0%) and "unlikely" (47.7%) were the most common categories for over-the-counter drugs. The distribution of serious adverse events were similar for both ethical-the-counter and over-the-counter drugs. Conclusion: Differences were observed in age, gender, reported medications, and symptoms for both ethical-the-counter and over-the-counter drugs. Further pharmacovigilance activities considering the adverse event characteristics of over-the-counter drugs, which are comparable to ethical-the-counter drugs, should be performed.

An improvement of real-time polymerase chain reaction system based on probe modification is required for accurate detection of African swine fever virus in clinical samples in Vietnam

  • Tran, Ha Thi Thanh;Dang, Anh Kieu;Ly, Duc Viet;Vu, Hao Thi;Hoang, Tuan Van;Nguyen, Chinh Thi;Chu, Nhu Thi;Nguyen, Vinh The;Nguyen, Huyen Thi;Truong, Anh Duc;Pham, Ngoc Thi;Dang, Hoang Vu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제33권10호
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    • pp.1683-1690
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    • 2020
  • Objective: The rapid and reliable detection of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) plays an important role in emergency control and preventive measures of ASF. Some methods have been recommended by FAO/OIE to detect ASFV in clinical samples, including realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, mismatches in primer and probe binding regions may cause a false-negative result. Here, a slight modification in probe sequence has been conducted to improve the qualification of real-time PCR based on World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) protocol for accurate detection of ASFV in field samples in Vietnam. Methods: Seven positive confirmed samples (four samples have no mismatch, and three samples contained one mutation in probe binding sites) were used to establish novel real-time PCR with slightly modified probe (Y = C or T) in comparison with original probe recommended by OIE. Results: Both real-time PCRs using the OIE-recommended probe and novel modified probe can detect ASFV in clinical samples without mismatch in probe binding site. A high correlation of cycle quantification (Cq) values was observed in which Cq values obtained from both probes arranged from 22 to 25, suggesting that modified probe sequence does not impede the qualification of real-time PCR to detect ASFV in clinical samples. However, the samples with one mutation in probe binding sites were ASFV negative with OIE recommended probe but positive with our modified probe (Cq value ranked between 33.12-35.78). Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that a mismatch in probe binding regions caused a false negative result by OIE recommended real-time PCR, and a slightly modified probe is required to enhance the sensitivity and obtain an ASF accurate diagnosis in field samples in Vietnam.

Extent of Hyperostotic Bone Resection in Convexity Meningioma to Achieve Pathologically Free Margins

  • Fathalla, Hussein;Tawab, Mohamed Gaber Abdel;El-Fiki, Ahmed
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제63권6호
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    • pp.821-826
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    • 2020
  • Objective : Hyperostosis in meningiomas can be present in 4.5% to 44% of cases. Radical resection should include aggressive removal of invaded bone. It is not clear however to what extent bone removal should be carried to achieve pathologically free margins, especially that in many cases, there is a T2 hyperintense signal that extends beyond the hyperostotic bone. In this study we try to investigate the perimeter of tumour cells outside the visible nidus of hyperostotic bone and to what extent they are present outside this nidus. This would serve as an initial step for setting guidelines on dealing with hyperostosis in meningioma surgery. Methods : This is a prospective case series that included 14 patients with convexity meningiomas and hyperostosis during the period from March 2017 to August 2018 in two university hospitals. Patients demographics, clinical, imaging characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected and analysed. In all cases, all visible abnormal bone was excised bearing in mind to also include the hyperintense diploe in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 weighted images after careful preoperative assessment. To examine bony tumour invasion, five marked bone biopsies were taken from the craniotomy flap for histopathological examinations. These include one from the centre of hyperostotic nidus and the other four from the corners at a 2-cm distance from the margin of the nidus. Results : Our study included five males (35.7%) and nine females (64.3%) with a mean age of 43.75 years (33-55). Tumor site was parietal in seven cases (50%), fronto-parietal in three cases (21.4%), parieto-occipital in two cases (14.2%), frontal region in one case and bicoronal (midline) in one case. Tumour pathology revealed a World Health Organization (WHO) grade I in seven cases (50%), atypical meningioma (WHO II) in five cases (35.7%) and anaplastic meningioma (WHO III) in two cases (14.2%). In all grade I and II meningiomas, bone biopsies harvested from the nidus revealed infiltration with tumour cells while all other bone biopsies from the four corners (2 cm from nidus) were free. In cases of anaplastic meningiomas, all five biopsies were positive for tumour cells. Conclusion : Removal of the gross epicentre of hyperostotic bone with the surrounding 2 cm is adequate to ensure radical excision and free bone margins in grade I and II meningiomas. Hyperintense signal change in MRI T2 weighted images, even beyond visible hypersototic areas, doesn't necessarily represent tumour invasion.

코로나바이러스감염증-19의 바이러스 (SARS-CoV-2) 특징, 전파 및 임상 양상 (Epidemiology, Virology, and Clinical Features of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19))

  • 박수은
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2020
  • 2019년 12월에 중국 후베이성 우한시에서 원인 미상 폐렴이 무리 지어 발생하기 시작하였다. 환자의 하기도에서 이전에 알려지지 않은 새로운 코로나바이러스가 분리되었으며 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)로 명명되었다. 세계보건기구는 SARS-CoV-2에 의한 질병을 코로나바이러스감염증-19(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)로 명명하였다. 2020년 3월 11일에 COVID-19는 전세계 최소 114국으로 퍼졌으며 약 4,000명이 사망하여 세계보건기구는 COVID-19가 세계적 대유행임을 선언하였다. 지난 20년 동안 새로운 코로나바이러스에 의한 두 번의 유행이 있었다. 2002-2003년 중증급성호흡기증후군(severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS) 유행 시에는 8,098명의 확진 환자와 774명의 사망자가 발생하였으며, 2012년에 사우디 아라비아에서 시작되어 현재까지 주로 아라비아 반도에서 발생하고 있는 중동호흡기증후군(Middle East respiratory syndrome, MERS)는 2019년까지 총 2,499명의 환자와 858명의 사망자를 발생시켰다. 본 종설의 목적은 2020년 3월 12일까지 알려진 SARS-CoV-2의 특징과 전파 양상 및 COVID-19의 임상 증상을 알아보고 SARS와 MERS와의 유사점 및 차이점에 대하여 간략하게 소개하는 것이다.

타액선 상피성 종양 387례에 대한 연구 (Histopathological and Clinical Studies of the 387 Cases of Salivary Gland Epithelial Tumors)

  • 채성원;최건;최종상;송재준;정광윤;최종욱
    • 대한기관식도과학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.211-218
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    • 1998
  • There have been few large scale surveys of salivary gland tumors, because the salivary gland tumors comprised less than 3 percent of all neoplasms of the head and neck. Also there is a problem that the incidences of specific types of tumors have the variation according to the geographic regions. ]'nother Korean reports about salivary gland tumor, they only treated about 100 cases only. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to identify the frequency and clinical characteristics of salivary gland tumors and to compare with other Korean reports. Materials and Methods : We had performed to analyze 387 cases of salivary gland tumors from 1983 to June 1997, were reviewed in histopathological and clinical aspects. The diagnoses of individual tumors were based on the World Health Organization classification. Tumors were analyzed according to the histologic type site, age and sex. Results : The majority (79.1%) of cases occurred in the major salivary glands and 20.9% in the minor. The parotid gland was the most frequent site with 52.4% and submandibular glands with 26.3%. Benign tumors were 79.3% of the tumors and malignant tmon were 20.7%. The most frequent tumor was pleomorphic adenoma occupied 63.8% of the total and frequency percent of histologic type of 98 malignant tumors showed 35.7% of mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 24.5% of adenoid cystic carcinomas. Overall gender with female predominance with 1 : 1.4 of male to female ratio. The average age of patients was 42.8 years. The most frequent chief complaint was a palpable mass. The duration of the symptom was shorter in the malignant salivary gland tumors (26.7 months) than in the benign salivary gland tumors (38.2 months). Conclusion : Comparing to the previous Korean reports, the present study confirms that the incidence of salivary gland tumor was lower in the parotid gland, and was higher in the submandibular and minor salivary glands.

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치과의료기관 의료장비 표면 및 치과위생사 손의 Staphylococcus epidermidis 오염도 조사 (Survey of Staphylococcus epidermidis Contamination on the Hands of Dental Hygienists and Equipment Surface of Dental Clinics)

  • 김설희
    • 치위생과학회지
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.472-480
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    • 2017
  • 치과의료기관 의료장비 표면 및 치과위생사 손의 S. epidermidis 오염도 조사를 위해 2017년 7월부터 8월까지 일부지역 20개 치과의원에서 치과위생사 20인의 손 오염, 치과별 7부위 표면 140부위의 S. epidermidis 오염도를 조사하였다. S. epidermidis 오염도는 핸드플레이트와 로닥플레이트를 사용하였으며, $35^{\circ}C$ 24시간 배양하였다. 손 오염도는 핸드플레이트 기준에 근거하여 저, 중, 고 그룹으로 분류한 후 그룹별 손 부위별 오염도를 ANOVA 분석하였다. 의료장비 표면 오염수준은 집락을 계수하여 기술통계 하였다. 치과위생사 55%는 중등도 이상의 손 오염이 있었고, 부위별로는 손바닥이 29.45 CFU로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 그 다음으로는 중지 7.8 CFU, 약지 6.4 CFU, 엄지 6 CFU 순서였다. 의료장비 표면 오염도 조사결과 3-way 손잡이 4.45 CFU, 컴퓨터 마우스 3.37 CFU, 거울 손잡이 1.60 CFU로 다른 영역보다 높게 조사되었다. 손 오염도가 높은 집단일수록 손의 S. epidermidis 오염도가 높은 양적 상관관계를 나타내었다. S. epidermidis 오염도는 의료장비 표면 오염보다 손에서 높게 나타났다. 그러므로 의료진들은 손 위생의 중요성을 인식하고 WHO에서 제시한 방법으로 손 위생을 실천하는 것이 요구되었다. 의료진들이 감염관리 업무수행에 책임감을 갖고 안전한 의료 환경을 조성할 수 있도록 감염관리 지침과 체계적인 감염관리 업무 수행에 관한 교육이 요구되었다.

Canine Mast Cell Tumor에서 Adjuvant Glucocorticoids 치료 (Adjuvant Glucocorticoids Therapy in Canine Mast Cell Tumor)

  • 김명진;이재일;김영석;손화영;전무형;박창식;김명철
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.264-267
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    • 2005
  • 구토와 식용부진을 3일전부터 나타내고, 2년전부터 좌측 후지 상부에 종괴를 갖고 있는 12년령, 8.0kg, 난소 제거 잡종 암캐 1두가 충남대학교 부속동물병원에 내원하였다. 환자는 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) 세포진단학 검사에 의하여 mast cell tumor로 진단하였다. Mast cell tumor 진단을 위한 WHO clinical staging system에 의하여 stage IIIa로 분류하였다. 환자는 adjuvant corticosteroid 요법에 의하여 투약되었으며, 축주의 요구에 의하여 완전 외과 절제는 실시하지 아니 하였다. 초기에 adjuvant corticosteroid 단독 요법에 의하여 종괴의 크기가 점차 감소하였으며, 환자의 전신상태는 호전되었다. 그러나 그 후에는 더 이상 glucocorticoid에 반응을 하지 아니 하였으며, 종괴의 크기가 증가하였고, 2개월 후에 간헐적 구토와 심한 호흡곤란 때문에 안락사 하였다. 비장 종괴, 십이지장 궤양, 간 종괴와 후지 상부 근육부위에 침윤된 mast cell tumor가 부검 시에 발견되었다. Mast cell tumor는 grade I 또는 II에서 그리고 .조직학적으로 well-differentiated된 상태에서 외과적 완전절제, 방사선요법, adjuvant corticosteroid 요법, 화학요법을 병용 하여야 양호한 예후를 나타낼 것으로 기대된다.

요양병원 입원노인의 우울과 자아효능감이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Depression and Self-efficacy on the Quality of Life)

  • 곽성원;심경보;노효련;김동현
    • 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2018
  • 목적 : 요양병원 입원노인의 우울과 자아효능감이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 대상자는 경상북도 K시에 소재하고 있는 요양병원 입원노인 212명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자의 일반적 특성, 한국판 노인 우울척도(GDS-K), 자아효능감척도, 세계보건기구 삶의 질 간편형 척도(WHOQOL-BREF)가 첨가된 구조화된 설문지를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 부호화하여 SPSS ver.18을 사용하여 일반적 특성에 따른 우울, 자아효능감, 삶의 질의 차이와 자아효능감, 우울, 삶의 질 간 상관계수 그리고 우울, 자아효능감이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 연구결과 : 일반적 특성에 따른 우울과 자아효능감은 입원기간과 종교가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 삶의 질은 종교에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 입원노인의 우울은 삶의 질과 통계적으로 유의한 부적 상관관계(p<.001)가 나타났고, 자아효능감 하위변인과 삶의 질은 통계적으로 유의한 정적 상관관계(p<.001)가 나타났다. 입원노인의 우울과 자아효능감이 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 변인은 우울정도(${\beta}=-.328$)이고, 사회적 효능감(${\beta}=.248$), 신체적 효능감(${\beta}=.193$)으로 나타났다. 결론 : 입원노인의 삶의 질을 높이기 위해 우울을 감소시키고 자아효능감을 높일 수 있는 요양의료서비스의 제공 및 개발이 필요할 것이다.

Overexpression of Neuron-Specific Enolase as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Gastric Cancer

  • Park, Taejin;Lee, Young-Joon;Jeong, Sang-Ho;Choi, Sang-Kyung;Jung, Eun-Jung;Ju, Young-tae;Jeong, Chi-Young;Park, Miyeong;Hah, Young-Sool;Yoo, Jiyun;Ha, Woo-Song;Hong, Soon-Chan;Ko, Gyung Hyuck
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.228-236
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: Enolase is a cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolytic pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the overexpression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) can serve as a prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Materials and Methods: To assess its prognostic value in GC, NSE expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in a clinically annotated tissue microarray comprising of 327 human GC specimens. Cytoplasmic NSE expression was scored from 0 to 4, reflecting the percentage of NSE-positive cells. Results: In terms of histology as per the World Health Organization criteria (P=0.34), there were no differences between the NSE overexpression (NSE-OE) and NSE underexpression (NSE-UE) groups. The NSE-OE group showed a significantly lower rate of advanced GC (P<0.01), lymph node metastasis (P=0.01), advanced stage group (P<0.01), cancer-related death (P<0.01), and cancer recurrence (P<0.01). Additionally, a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the NSE-OE group had longer cumulative survival times than the NSE-UE group (log-rank test, P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the serum levels of NSE expression in patients with GC and healthy volunteers (P=0.28). Conclusions: Patients with NSE overexpressing GC tissues showed better prognostic results, implying that NSE could be a candidate biomarker of GC.