• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to provide baseline data to arrange systematic management for the infectious waste. Methods: This data was collected by self-reported questionnaires from a total of 419 subjects, ie nurses, nurse's aides and laboratory technicians working at a university hospital located in G city. The collected data were analyzed by t-test or ANOVA, Tukey test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: The knowledge of the infectious waste was statistically significant in type of staff and level of education. Attitude was statistically significant in type of staff, age group, level of education, working period, and marital status. And also the practice of the subject was statistically significant in type of staff, age group, education level, the working periods, and marital status. There was positive association between attitude and practice(r=.63, ${\rho}$< 001). By means of multiple stepwise regression analysis, total variance explained by the attitude towards infectious wastes, single employee, and the working periods less than ten years was 44% of the practice of infectious wastes. Conclusion: An educational program focusing on strategy to change employee's attitude can be effective for building a well-organized management system.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the level of occupational and organizational retention intention and related factors among new dental hygienists. Methods: The participants were 195 dental hygienists employed for less than 24 months. A t-test and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to determine the level of intention to stay according to an individual's major-related characteristics and work environment awareness level. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed for each item, and stepwise multiple regression was performed for factors related to retention intention. Results: In the work environment, the organizational support network had the highest occupational retention intention (β=0.513). Organizational retention intention (β=0.351), working infrastructure (β=0.293), cooperation relationship (β=0.165), and management justice (β=0.151) were factors related to organizational retention intention (p<0.001). Employment at the practice hospital was related to occupational (β=0.167) and organizational retention intention (β=0.138), and satisfaction with clinical practice was related to occupational retention intention (β=0.327). Conclusions: New dental hygienists are expected to be actively utilized for long-term tenure in both occupations and organizations by actively reflecting on the results obtained through this study in the curriculum and working environment of dental hygienists.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.556-565
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• 2014

Objectives: This study is aimed at inquiring into the grasp of real condition of working environment and improvements by calculating the hypertension distribution consequent on job stress risk and exposure level of alleviating factors. In addition, this study is intending to estimate the hypertension distribution through socio-demographic factors and level of stressors occurring at working environment, such as high workload, low control, low support, job insecurity, long working hours, low income. Methods: This study estimated the hypertension distribution using the tertiary Korean Working Conditions Survey data, and conducted comparative analysis according to the category of individual questionnaire items using odds ratio. Result: As a result of study, it was found that in the event that working environment satisfaction is low and business & an immediate superior's attitudes are negative, the hypertension distribution was high. Particularly, it was found that physical risk factor musculoskeletal risk factor, and mental risk factor in a workplace were all increasing the hypertension distribution. Conclusions: With the aged workers' labor market participation ratio increasing, hypertension could be a major issue in the field of Occupational Safety and Health. Thus, it's necessary that the relevant employer should lower the hypertension distribution through creation of pleasant working environment and inducement of workers to improve in the relations with their superiors. As for the uppermost limit of this study, there is a limit to clarifying the mechanism of hypertension through multivariate statistics analysis because it's difficult to establish causal relationship by individual questionnaire item as the working conditions survey is made by cross-sectional study. In the follow-up research, this study is going to do research on the mechanism of hypertension through questionnaire supplementation and in-depth analysis.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.17-42
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• 1997

From September 2, 1995 through October 31, this questionnaire was made by the 1, 200 industrial workers who work for 15 enterprises of 5 types of business. And it was for helping to devise a policy and to develop a program for industrial workers' health promotion by understanding the consciousness behavior level of industrial workers in our country and the related factors which are under the influence of it and health promotion behavior. The summary and conclusions are as follows. 1. In health promotion score level by related factors, the health diagmosis level score was 7. 37(81.9/100) of the perfect score 9, nutrition level score was 7.00(77.8/100), health education behavior level score was 6.00(66.7/100), exercise behavior level score was 6.01(66.8/100), occupational disease knowledge level score was 6.00(66.7/100). 2. Health diagnosis behavior level was significantly high when the age is older, when the occupation term is longer, when the economic status is better. And wjem tje satosfoed degree for vocational aptitude, working environment, and the education contents. 3. Nutrition (dietary habit) status level was high in men, in the age group of 40 over, in the group of having their spouse, in the group of being paid over one million won a month, in the upper economic classes (P〈0.001). It was also high in graduates middle school and in daytime workers (P〈0.05). 4. Health education behavior level was high in the older ahe hroup, in a single life (separation by death, divouce, separation) and in the longer occupation term(P〈0.001). 5. Exercises behavior level was high in men, in the workers who are paid 500～990 thousand won a month, in the better economic classes(P〈0.01). 6. Knowledge level on an occupational disease was high in men, in the older age group, in the group of having a spouse, In the workers who are paid 500～990 thousand won a month, in the group of having a longer occupation term, and in the residents living not in a large city(P〈0.01). 7. When health status was higher, health promotion behavior, behavior level, health diagnosis (P〈0.001), nutrition(P〈0.05), health education behavior (P〈0.05), exercise behavior(P〈0.01) and the knowledge level on an occupation disease was high. 8. The main factors which are under the influence on the degree of practicing healthy life were the level of knowledge and behavior, sex, his/her health status, and the satisfied degree of working environment. These variables could explain it 18.0%. 9. The factors which are under the influence on health promotion behavior and behavior levels were the variables of the satisfied degerr of education contents, sex, health knowledge, economic status, health status, occupation terms, monthly income, working tiredness. These variables could explain it 21.3%. By these results, it is inportant for industrial workers' health promotion to level up the health diagnosis behavior, dietary habit considering nutrition, behavior on health education, behavior for exercise, and knowledge on an occupational disease. Especially we should develop the proper program considered sex, health status, satisfied degree of working environment and education contents, economic status, eccupation terms, knowledge on health, and behavior level. Because health promotion business gies in gear with productivity promotion.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권2호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2014

본 연구는 숲해설가의 직무만족 향상과 효율적인 조직운영을 위한 기초자료제공을 목적으로 숲해설가의 직무만족도와 관련변인에 따른 직무만족도 차이를 분석하였다. 첫째, 전체직무만족도는 평균 3.41점(5점 만점)으로 직무자체에 대한 만족도는 중위수보다 높은 것으로 나타났으나 복리후생에 관한 만족도는 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 둘째, 직무만족도 요인분석결과 조직분위기, 보상수준, 직무갈등, 근무여건 네 개의 요인으로 분류되었고 조직분위기와 근무여건 요인에 대한 만족도는 높고 보상수준의 만족도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전체직무만족도는 소속기관, 활동현장, 근무경력에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 직무만족도 하위요인의 경우 조직분위기는 근무경력과 소속기관에 따라 차이가 있었고 보상수준은 소속기관, 근무여건은 소속기관과 활동현장에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.527-530
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• 2019

The increasing prevalence of inactivity and obesity, along with aging, has implications on work capacity of labor force. This study reports the relationships between activity level and BMI by age with objectively measured physical workload. Data were examined from a sample of 19 481 Finnish employees using an estimate of minute-to-minute oxygen consumption based on R-R interval recordings. The mean estimated %VO₂max during the working day was 12.1 (±3.6) and 15.1 (±4.5)% for men and women, respectively. Based on a linear model, the mean %VO₂max increased by 1.5%-unit per 10-year increase in age, by 2.1%-unit per 5 kg/㎡ increase in BMI, and decreased by 1.6%-unit if improving physical activity class by two (p < 0.001 for all). Overweight and obesity, together with inactivity, notably increases workload throughout the career, even though at young adulthood, the daily workload is almost the same for each person regardless of the BMI, activity level, or gender. This study highlights the importance of regular physical activity and normal weight in protecting the worker from excessive physical (cardiovascular) workload during the whole working career.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.119-141
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 근로빈곤층의 실태와 특성을 파악하고 근로빈곤층의 정태적 결정요인을 파악하는데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 한국노동패널조사의 제2차년도(1999년)부터 제7차년도(2004년)의 반복측정 자료를 개인간(between-person), 개인내(within-person) 2층(two-level)으로 병합하여 자료를 구성하고 이를 통해 각 수준의 변수들이 근로자의 빈곤지위여부에 미치는 영양을 위계적 일반화 선형모형(HGLM: hierarchical generalized linear model)을 이용하여 추정하였다. 분석의 결과, 우리나라 취업자 가운데 가구소득이 빈곤선 이하의 생활을 하는 근로빈곤층(개인)의 규모는 약 10.0% 내외의 규모를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 근로계층의 빈곤지위에 영양을 미치는 요인으로는 성별, 교육수준, 결혼상태, 취업형태, 고용업종, 고용직종 등으로 밝혀졌으며 이외 가구원수, 연령 등은 유의미안 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2015

Objectives: Glide path preparation is recommended to reduce torsional failure of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments and to prevent root canal transportation. This study evaluated whether the repetitive insertions of G-files to the working length maintain the apical size as well as provide sufficient lumen as a glide path for subsequent instrumentation. Materials and Methods: The G-file system (Micro-Mega) composed of G1 and G2 files for glide path preparation was used with the J-shaped, simulated resin canals. After inserting a G1 file twice, a G2 file was inserted to the working length 1, 4, 7, or 10 times for four each experimental group, respectively (n = 10). Then the canals were cleaned by copious irrigation, and lubricated with a separating gel medium. Canal replicas were made using silicone impression material, and the diameter of the replicas was measured at working length (D0) and 1 mm level (D1) under a scanning electron microscope. Data was analysed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests (p = 0.05). Results: The diameter at D0 level did not show any significant difference between the 1, 2, 4, and 10 times of repetitive pecking insertions of G2 files at working length. However, 10 times of pecking motion with G2 file resulted in significantly larger canal diameter at D1 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Under the limitations of this study, the repetitive insertion of a G2 file up to 10 times at working length created an adequate lumen for subsequent apical shaping with other rotary files bigger than International Organization for Standardization (ISO) size 20, without apical transportation at D0 level.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.861-868
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• 2018

본 연구는 의원에 근무하는 방사선사의 보수교육에 관한 연구로 보수교육에 대한 만족도와 문제점을 분석하여 보수교육에서 개선하여야 할 사항을 연구하기 위해 실시하였다. 연구에 사용한 도구는 설문지로 2016년 11월 01일부터 2017년 04월30일까지 경남 창원에 소재하는 의원에 근무하는 방사선사를 대상으로 교육참석 및 방문을 통한 조사로 이루어 졌으며, 설문지 총150부를 배부하여 연구에 적합한 106부를 SPSS 18.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 인구사회학적 특성으로는 연령, 성별, 근무경력, 학력, 근무부서로 하였으며, 보수교육에 대한 만족요인으로는 제도, 주제, 도움, 강사선택의 적절성, 전문성 등, 총 21가지 요인으로 하였으며, 보수교육의 문제점으로는 장소, 교통편, 다양성, 행정처리, 홍보, 방법 등, 총18가지 요인으로 분석하였다. 보수교육에 대한 만족도 (3.02점)와 보수교육에 대한 문제점(3.18점)은 보통수준으로 보수교육에 대한 문제점이 조금 높게 분석되었다. 보수교육은 보건의료인이면 누구나 이수해야 하는 교육이며, 보수교육 이수 시간으로 3년마다 면허 재 신고를 해야 하는 주요한 교육이다. 다양한 의료기관에 근무하는 방사선사를 대상으로 하는 보수교육은 의원에 근무하는 방사선사의 교육수준에 부합하지 못하다는 의견이 많았다. 그러므로 의원방사선사의 보수교육에 대한 만족도를 높이기 위한 방안으로 보수교육에 대한 다양한 의견과 개선사항을 현실성 있는 교육 프로그램으로 반영하여, 교육의 질적 향상을 통한 보수교육에 대한 만족도를 높여야 할 것이다.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2021

근로계약은 형식상으로는 노동력상품과 임금의 교환관계로서 나타나지만, 단순한 물물교환의 차원을 초월하는 것이기 때문에 경제학적으로 노동력상품과 화폐의 교환관계로서 '매매'로서 파악하는 것도 가능하고 '임대차'로 파악할 수도 있다. 상품교환관계를 법적인 측면에서 보면, 노동력과 임금의 교환관계를 합법적으로 지지하고 그것에 구속력을 부여하여 강제화하는 법적인 장치가 계약이다. 이러한 근로계약은 임금을 수령하고, 임금의 수령의 반대급부로 일정한 시간을 사용자의 지휘·감독하에 두는 관계를 가져오게 하였다. 근로시간은 자신의 노동력을 사용자의 처분권하에 둔 종속시간이기 때문에 장시간의 근로는 근로자의 건강과 안전을 위해할 수 있고, 더 나아가 인간으로서 누려야 할 가치를 침해하는 행위가 될 수 있음으로 그 규제가 필요하다고 할 것이다. 근로시간의 단축은 인간의 생체적 한계를 설정하고, 확대 재생산을 할 수 있도록 생산적 측면에서 근로자의 문화에 대한 향유와 인간으로서 삶의 질을 확보하는 사회적인 측면에서 단축이 필요하지만, 사용자의 기업 경영상의 노동력 확보와 생산 활동 및 자본주의 국가에서 추구하는 것과 비교하여 이 둘의 양립을 할 수 있어야 한다. 근로시간은 개인에게서의 시간과 사회전체에서의 시간으로 볼 수 있고, 개인적인 차원에서 장시간 근로는 개인에게서의 시간은 줄어들게 되어 개인적 차원에서는 바람직하지 않지만, 사회전체적인 차원에서 생산 활동에 투입시간의 증대로 인한 생산물의 증가는 사회발전에 도움이 될 수 있다. 근로시간은 이러한 개인적 차원과 사회적 차원에서의 균형을 찾아간다는 측면에서 근로시간을 고찰하는 것이 필요하다. 근로시간의 규제방법이 근로시간의 시작과 근로시간의 종료에 대한 것으로 근로시간의 총량을 규제하는 것이었다면, 근로시간의 유연화, 탄력화는 근로시간의 총량을 1주 최대 52시간의 범위 내에서 범위를 한정하면서 기업의 새로운 업무의 출현에 따라 근로시간을 탄력적으로 배분하고 편성하는 것이 가능하도록 하는 근로시간의 질적인 규제방식이다. 이에 따라 근로시간은 단축하되 기업의 상황에 따른 유연근로시간제를 확대하여 시행하는 것이 필요하다. 이를 위하여 현재 6개월로 제한되어 있는 탄력적 근로시간제의 운용의 폭의 유연화와 사용자와 근로자간의 합의에 의한 선택적 근로시간제의 실 근로시간에 대한 처리, 정보통신 기술의 발전과 4차 산업혁명에 기반한 새로운 근로형태에 출현에 따른 재량근로시간의 대상 업무를 확대하는 것이 필요하다.