• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.178-188
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: The influence of musical aptitude on cognitive test performance in musicians is a long-debated research question. Evidence points to the low performance of nonmusicians in visual and auditory cognitive tasks (working memory and attention) compared with musicians. This cannot be generalized to all nonmusicians, as a sub-group in this population can have innate musical abilities even without any formal musical training. The present study aimed to study the effect of musical aptitude on the working memory and selective attention. Subjects and Methods: Three groups of 20 individuals each (a total of 60 participants), including trained-musicians, nonmusicians with good musical aptitude, and nonmusicians with low musical aptitude, participated in the present study. Cognitive-based visual (Flanker's selective attention test) and auditory (working memory tests: backward digit span and operation span) tests were administered. Results: MANOVA (followed by ANOVA) revealed a benefit of musicianship and musical aptitude on backward digit span and Flanker's reaction time (p<0.05). Discriminant function analyses showed that the groups could be effectively (accuracy, 80%) segregated based on the backward digit span and Flanker's selective attention test. Trained musicians and nonmusicians with good musical aptitude were distinguished as one cluster and nonmusicians with low musical aptitude formed another cluster, hinting the role of musical aptitude in working memory and selective attention. Conclusions: Nonmusicians with good musical aptitude can have enhanced working memory and selective attention skills like musicians. Hence, caution is required when these individuals are included as controls in cognitive-based visual and auditory experiments.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.178-188
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: The influence of musical aptitude on cognitive test performance in musicians is a long-debated research question. Evidence points to the low performance of nonmusicians in visual and auditory cognitive tasks (working memory and attention) compared with musicians. This cannot be generalized to all nonmusicians, as a sub-group in this population can have innate musical abilities even without any formal musical training. The present study aimed to study the effect of musical aptitude on the working memory and selective attention. Subjects and Methods: Three groups of 20 individuals each (a total of 60 participants), including trained-musicians, nonmusicians with good musical aptitude, and nonmusicians with low musical aptitude, participated in the present study. Cognitive-based visual (Flanker's selective attention test) and auditory (working memory tests: backward digit span and operation span) tests were administered. Results: MANOVA (followed by ANOVA) revealed a benefit of musicianship and musical aptitude on backward digit span and Flanker's reaction time (p<0.05). Discriminant function analyses showed that the groups could be effectively (accuracy, 80%) segregated based on the backward digit span and Flanker's selective attention test. Trained musicians and nonmusicians with good musical aptitude were distinguished as one cluster and nonmusicians with low musical aptitude formed another cluster, hinting the role of musical aptitude in working memory and selective attention. Conclusions: Nonmusicians with good musical aptitude can have enhanced working memory and selective attention skills like musicians. Hence, caution is required when these individuals are included as controls in cognitive-based visual and auditory experiments.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.566-579
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to determine how to improve smart working in South Korea. Smart working has recently become a key issue in e-government and flexible working studies. Smart working can improve public servants' quality of life and job performance. However, institutional, managerial, and infrastructural conditions that support smart working must be implemented for smart working arrangements to be successful. Therefore, this study analyzed the impact of institutions, management, and infrastructure on the effectiveness of public servants working in smart working conditions. The results showed that institutional, managerial, and infrastructural factors have a significant impact on the effectiveness of civil servants working in smart working conditions. Institutional and infrastructural factors also influenced organizational effectiveness. These findings have implications for how to manage smart working in the public sector in South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.515-527
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the work stress and nursing performance of clinical nurses' and to identify relationship between work stress and nursing performance. Method: This descriptive study queried 316 clinical nurses, selected by convenient sampling from four hospitals. Demographic characteristics, work stress and Nursing performance were measured. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA were performed to identify relationship between work stress and nursing performance on SPSS WIN 10.0. Result: The study subjects reported that the younger they were, the higher work stress they experienced and the lower nursing performance they behaviored. Also, the longer they worked as a nurse, the lower work stress they experienced and the higher nursing performance they hehaviored. The nurses working at ICU experienced more work stress. The nurses working at pediatric ward reported higher nursing performance. The married nurses' nursing performance was higher than unmarried nurses'. There was significant negative correlation between work stress and nursing performance among nurses. Conclusion: These results suggest that the nurse who experience higher work stress couldn't perform optimistic leveled nursing performance. Strategic planning for nursing administer and avoidance of work stress were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2012

Background: Since Jan. 2012, for performance evaluation of viral reagents, analysis of domestic samples has been recommended in order to obtain approval from the KFDA when they are first introduced to Korea. This regulation requires the standard domestic materials driven from locally infected samples. We tried manufacturing the plasma working standards of HBV, HCV, and HIV NAT using a mixed titer of viral loads. Methods: Forty three HBV DNA positive plasmas, 25 HCV RNA positive plasmas, and 26 HIV RNA positive plasmas were evaluated according to viral load and genotype. Several plasma units, which had high-titer viral loads and the common viral genotypes in Korea, were selected as the source materials for each viral standard. To adjust the appropriate concentration based on the detectable range of variable viral reagents, the source plasma was diluted to several concentrations, divided into small vials, and analyzed for quantification. Results: The 13 plasma working standards, which had variable viral loads for the mixed titer performance panel of HIV, HCV, and HBV NAT, were produced. Conclusion: These national standard materials were first produced in order to supply the mixed titer performance panel for the viral NAT reagent of the level IV transfusion related high-risk group in Korea.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.489-496
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• 2000

This study was conducted in order to find an ideal working fluid kind and a proper filling amount in the heat pipe as well as an inclined angle of heat pipe when they are placed to recover exhaust gas heat in the hot air heater. Followings are the findings of this research. 1. Of the four different working fluids-gasoline kerosene distilled water and acetone-acetone filled heat pipe showed the best performance giving out more homogeneous temperature profile on the radiating part than the kerosene and gasoline heat pipe an carrying out heat transmitting function better than the distilled water heat pipe by 10~2$0^{\circ}C$ higher on the radiating part. Acetone would be a good choice for recycling of exhaust gas heat in the hot air heater. 2. Of the filling amount of working fluid inside the heat pipes dry-out situations possible caused by insufficient filling were found in the filling amount of 5, 7.5 and 10% heat pipes as heat supply rate increases gradually in the range of 50 to 15kJ/sec. but no dry-out and stabilized heat transmitting performance occurred in the heat pipes of 12.5 and 15% filling at the same heat supply rate. It recommends that filling amount shall exceed 12.5% at least with the working fluids of this experiment. 3. The test revealed that the heat transmitting performance of heat pipe was more affected by filling amount rather than inclined angle.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.203-213
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• 2010

This study examined the wearing conditions of working clothes of shipbuilding industry workers according to the working environmental factors and working process features. It was also investigated the relationship between the wearing sense of working clothes and the overall comfort according to work processes. In the working process of shipbuilding industry, the process of fitting, welding, grinding and painting were chosen by considering work environmental factors, disaster types, hazardous materials, work process features, working clothes and safety equipments of each work categorized. The workers of fitting process usually wore the standard working clothes, while more than 60% of the workers of welding, grinding and painting wore the specialized protective clothes. The hazardous work environmental factors such as noise, heavy dust, high temperature and noxious fumes affected to the workers of fitting, welding and grinding. However, the workers of painting were greatly damaged by organic solvent. The dissatisfaction with the wearing performance of working clothes was highly shown in the sweat absorbency, moisture permeability and body protection. In respect of the correlation between the overall comfort and the wearing sense of working clothes, the satisfaction was decreased in orders of movement comfort> sensual comfort> physiological comfort.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.155-157
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• 2000

In modem buildings, the concept of open-space plan gets more acceptance as it supports more flexibility for the internal space design. This open-space can be easily subdivided by internal partitioning to provide each individual working zone. Although the partitioning forms each physical working zone, its indoor environment could be different Iron what the occupants require. Especially the air movement and contaminant spread in each working zone could be blocked or distorted by the partitioning, which may produce unexpected change in ventilation performance designed. (omitted)

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 1997

This article reviews the effects of VDT tasks on multiple resources for processing and storage in short-term working memory. MD and PD method were introduced toevaluate the modalities (auditory-visual) in the multiple resources model. The subjects conducted 2 sessions of 50 minites VDT tasks. Before, between and after VDT tasks, MD, PD task performance scores and CFF(critical flicker frequency0 values were measured. The review suggested that the modalities of human information processing in working memory were affected by VDT tasks with different task contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.401-407
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• 2016

This paper describes the derivation methodology of the working torque predictive model that can be used in the initial design stages of the impact hammer tool. The working torque control mechanism is designed, taking into account various factors, such as the force of the spring and friction. Firstly, the analysis dynamic model for working environments was modeled as an additional bush and spring, and verified by comparing the test results of the working torque. Secondly, the main performance parameters of the working torque were theoretically defined by analyzing the operating mechanism. The equation to predict the working torque was derived using the dynamic analysis results according to the value changes of the parameters. The prediction equation of the working torque was validated by comparing the predicted results with the experimental data. The error difference between the experimental data and the predictive model results was found to be 8.62%.