• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to provide basic data for developing an in-service education program to improve nurses' quality. First, frequency of nursing activities and competency levels of emergency nurses according to their career ladders were compared through job analysis and then practical education programs were presented on based of the results. Method: Data were collected from 335 nurses working in emergency rooms in 31 tertiary hospitals. Data collection was done from September to November 2005 using the job analysis questionnaire. Results: There were 41 nursing activities that showed differences in frequency and 78 activities that showed differences in perceived competency level. Irrespective of emergency nurses' careers, activities that show high frequency but low competency were sputum liquefying therapy, assessment of cranial nerve function, identification of diagnostic radiology, and communication with various departments. In-service education content according to nurse's career ladders was presented by adding high frequency nursing activities and activities with low competency level even though having high frequency. Conclusion: There is a need to develop and provide in-service education programs, which consider nurses' difference in frequency and competency level for their career ladders.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.435-446
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• 2019

The existing piezoelectric spherical transducers with fixed prescribed dynamic characteristics limit their application in scenarios with multi-frequency or frequency variation requirement. To address this issue, this work proposes an improved design of piezoelectric spherical transducers using the resistance tuning method. Two piezoceramic shells are the functional elements with one for actuation and the other for tuning through the variation of load resistance. The theoretical model of the proposed design is given based on our previous work. The effects of the resistance, the middle surface radius and the thickness of the epoxy adhesive layer on the dynamic characteristics of the transducer are explored by numerical analysis. The numerical results show that the multi-frequency characteristics of the transducer can be obtained by tuning the resistance, and its electromechanical coupling coefficient can be optimized by a matching resistance. The proposed design and derived theoretical solution are validated by comparing with the literature given special examples as well as an experimental study. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of using the proposed design to realize the multi-frequency characteristics, which is helpful to improve the performance of piezoelectric spherical transducers used in underwater acoustic detection, hydrophones, and the spherical smart aggregate (SSA) used in civil structural health monitoring, enhancing their operation at the multiple working frequencies to meet different application requirements.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 1984

This study was attempted to evaluate and explain the correlation between stress and utilization of Dispensary, Frequency of absence, Frequency of accident as the health condition of bluecollared workers. The subjects for this study were 260 workers selected conveniently from 360 workers working at one chemical manufacturer located in Seoul. The dataas measure the Stress was collected through SRRS (The Social Readjustment Rating Scale) which is developed by Holmes ＆ Rahe (1976) from 27th July to 10th August, 1983. The data of Utilization of Dispensary and Frequency of Accident were brought out from the record of Dispensary during past 8 months. The Frequency of Abscence from January to August were collected through diligence and indolence cards of each department. All collected data were analysed based on the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) program. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The average of Utilization of Dispensary was 7.4, Frequency of abscence 14.6, frequency of Accident 0.4. 2. The average score of Stress was 134 (minimum : 0, maximum : 593, Standard deviation : 109. 3) It can be considered as a slight stressed group by the requlations of Holmes and Rahe. 3. According to the analysed results of correlation between Stress and the Utilization of Dispensary, Frequency of Absence, frequency of Accident, the Utilization of dispensary and stress were significantly related (r= .1955, p<.001), the Frequency of Absence (r=.0284, p >, 05), and the Frequency of Absence (r=.0284, p>.05), and the Frequency of Accident (r= .0831, p>.05) were not significantly related with Stress. 4. In the relation between general characters of subjects and the Utilization of Dispensary, 20 to 25 aged group, women, single, christian, lent-house dwelling, 1 to 5 years employed group used at a high ratio. 5. In the relation between general character of subjects and the Frequency of Absence, men, 51 to 55 aged group, 21 to 25 years employed group indicated high Frequency, and other char-noters were not significantly related. 6. In the relation between general characters of subjects and the Frequency of Accident, women. single, 20 to 25 aged group, catholic, lent-house dwelling, below 1 year employed group showed high frequency. 7. Stress showed a significant difference only with a religion. Catholic group represented mode-rate stressed scored 209.67, and not significantly related with other general characters.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.507-521
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between attitude toward death among Korean hostess (room salon/bar) in Busan and their suicide-related factors. Methods: The questionnaires were administrated to 120 Korean hostess. The questionnaires consist of 7 major concepts: death as liberation, death as natural phenomenon, fear of death, avoidance of thought about death, fear for the impact of death on family, frequency of thought of death, their capacities to resist suicidal impulses. Results: Interestingly, satisfaction for hostess working in room salons with their monthly incomes was negatively correlated with frequency of thought of death and was positively related to their capacities to resist suicidal impulse. Moreover, in terms of the factors influencing 'their capacities to resist suicidal impulse', for hostess working in room salons, 'fear for the impact of death on family,' and 'satisfaction with their monthly income' were found to significantly influence 'their capacities to resist suicidal impulses'. However, for hostess working at bars, 'death as liberation' was found to be the only one factor showing significant effect on 'their capacities to resist suicidal impulses'. Conclusion: For hostess working in room salons, their perceived monetary reward seems to affect their attitudes toward death and suicide-related thoughts. Understanding a person's attitudes toward death can be another way to help people in a difficult situation to prevent them from carrying out the worst.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.103-121
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• 2018

For knowing the effects of aging on conversational skills in daily communication, this paper studied for the conversational turn-taking skills, working memory and naming ability on healthy elderly adults over 65 ages. 85 elderly adults participated in this study, which divided into four groups by ages. Speech samples were collected in natural conversation. Memorization of numbers, mental calculation, repetition of words were administered for working memory test. K-BNT was used for the naming ability. One-way ANOVA analysis was used for the comparison of conversational turn-taking skills among four groups. We analyzed the correlation between conversational skills, working memory and naming ability. The results were as follows: first, there were a significant difference in conversational turn-taking skills by age, but not by gender. There was a significant difference in 'Turn-Taking Frequency' and 'Total Utterance Frequency' among four groups. The same results were shown in the scores of females within three groups(exclude groups over 85D)(p<.01). Second, there was a significant correlation between 'rates of maintenance' and 'naming ability'. In addition, it was found that the naming test predicted 'rates of maintenance' skills. The results of this study suggest that word-retrieval ability will be helpful to enhance functional communication skills in aging old adults.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1128-1137
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect working environment related musculoskeletal subjective symptoms among dental hygienists. Methods : The subjects in this study were 232 dental hygienists working at dental clinics and general hospitals in Daegu. The data has collected through the self-questionnaire survey from July 9th 2012 to July 31th. Results : 1. Musculoskeletal subjective symptoms were 85.3% in shoulder(right), 81.9% in neck, 74.6% in shoulder(left), 65.5% in wrist(right), 56.5% in lower leg(right). 2. Pain frequency of musculoskeletal subjective symptoms were the highest 24.7% in neck. Seeing the severity pain was the highest 9.0% in foot(left). The investigation of work interference related to substantially pain showed the highest 18.5% in wrist(right). 3. Musculoskeletal subjective symptoms correlated with general characteristics such as age, marital status, regular exercise and medical check-up(p<.05). 4. Musculoskeletal subjective symptoms correlated with working environments such as working career, the night treatment, the average daily number of patients handled, the average daily standing work hours, the regular rest, the major job in work place and physical burden(p<.05). Conclusions : The education or program on wrong working habits and bad postures of dental hygienists is needed to prevent musculoskeletal disorder.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.143-159
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• 2006

Objectives; The purpose of the present study is to investigate workplace satisfaction level of dental technicians and the differences between that of dental lab owner's and that of employed dental technicians, who are working in dental laboratories. Methods; Samples were comprised of 137 dental technicians working in dental laboratories. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and analyzed to frequency distribution, correlation, t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results; 1) Dental technicians generally are 'somewhat or a bit satisfied' with their workplace situations, regardless of position, sex, and individual career. 2) Mean values of 4 items out of 11 work situation factors of employed dental technicians were significantly lower than those of lab owner's. The 4 items are the openness of management, working environment, pay, and policy in promotion and raise. They would be sources of dissatisfaction and conflict. 3) Level of satisfaction was significantly correlated with 2 subordinate variables, i.e. working conditions and administration policy. There is a tendency that administration policy is a bit more important for lab owners, while working conditions are a bit more important for employed dental technicians. Conclusion; The employer-employee relationship of dental technicians seems to be sound, as no signs of troublesome problem is detected. But the discrepancy revealed in the above results is telling that there certainly exist some disagreement in the viewpoints of the two groups. It is necessary for the dental technicians to find ways to deal with the possible triggers of discord and discontent.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.263-274
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to verify work satisfaction of school food-service employee, of their job characteristics. Subjects were comprised 9 elementary schools, 11 middle schools, and 3 high schools in Ansan city. Data were analyzed 203 questionnaires for frequency, means, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, t-test, and Pearson correlation using SPSS PC Package. Most of the respondents were high school graduate(91.1%), under one million won salary(41.9%), and non license holder(60.6%). Working conditions were part-time job(41.9%), unlimited contractors(51.2%), and 3-5 years of working experience(21.7%). Measure of overall job satisfaction by Likert-type 5 scale, satisfaction of work operation attitude was 3.55 points and work characteristic duty of 4.32 points. The certificate qualified and elementary school's working posture were more satisfied their work attitude than other groups(p<0.05). Salary satisfaction score showed 2.64 points, but the work esteem satisfaction showed 3.34 points. The factor of working circumstance and potentiality satisfaction was only 2.61 points, but interpersonal connection and communication satisfaction was 3.50 points. Between job satisfactions factors, they were highly correlated with each other. The pride and characteristic duty of the work showed the strongest correlated(p<0.001). The satisfaction score of work operation attitude were significantly correlated with characteristic duty(p<0.001), work esteem, interpersonal relationships and communication(p<0.01). With this results, work satisfaction of food service employees showed a relatively high to perform a job task characteristics and work attitudes. However, the working environment and growth in salaries satisfaction were low. A set of duties must be paid according to the labor intensity. As removing the disturbing factors, the improvement in the quality of the feed will be able to expect substantial effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.292-305
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• 2013

This study reported present state of clothing technical designers' work duties and working conditions, so as to suggest effective ways to develop professional training methods for them. Technical designers working for vendors and agents were surveyed as they represent the majority of technical designers in Korean clothing industries. Survey participants were 62 technical designers working for 6 clothing vendors and 2 clothing agents, and the survey closely inspected their work qualifications, duties and responsibilities, working conditions and training conditions. Survey was conducted from June $27^{th}$ to July $17^{th}$, 2012. The questionnaire examined frequency analysis and multiple response analysis using SPSS 19.0 Windows after investigating documents and work fields through personal experiences and interviews from technical designers for data collection and analysis. A chi-square test analyzed the preferred type of fitting for technical designers of vendors and agents. The results showed that 32.3% of those surveyed have more than 7 years of work experience and the highest level of education is predominantly a bachelor's degree (57 people, 91.9%). Among the work responsibilities, respondents did sample measuring more than four times a day. Also, the results showed that technical designers needed to qualify: first 'Fitting Technic', second 'Pattern Correction Capability', and third 'English Skills to Communicate with Buyers'; subsequently, education on several technics (such as measuring, grading, and fitting) were required for the job. Current technical designers answered that they need more various work-related education. However, the analyzed results showed that pre work-related training was insufficient. The data shows that technical designers require re-education in 'Pattern Correction Method' (61.3%) and 'Sewing Education' (64.5%).

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.938-948
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• 2016

In the present study, the general characteristics, job stress, working conditions, and aspects of pain of some industrial workers working in Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, were surveyed. In analyzing the relationship between job stress and the existence of pain, the variables "working speed" and "opportunities to develop abilities" were shown to have statistically significant relationships with the existence of pain ($p{\leq}.05$). Regarding the relationship between working conditions and the existence of pain, the variables" amount of work per hour," "amount of work per day," "number of parts handled during work," "work production per person," and" inconvenient postures or motions during work" were shown to have statistically significant relationships with the existence of pain($p{\leq}.05$). Regarding aspects of pain", within 1~3 years" was the most common answer to time of occurrence of symptoms, with a percentage of 27.6%; "appear almost always" was the most common answer to frequency of symptoms, with a percentage of 37.1%; "slight pain" was the most common answer to degree of pain, with a percentage of 50.5%; and "moderate" was the most common answer to encumbrance caused by pain to living and work, with a percentage of 41.2%. The aim of the present study was to determine the factors that affect pain due to musculoskeletal diseases in industrial workers and to define the aspects of pain in order to provide basic data for the preparation of measures to prevent musculoskeletal diseases. To control pain due to musculoskeletal diseases, factors that affect pain, as well as the aspects of pain, should be recognized early, and efforts should be made to supplement and improve systems for preventing recurrence.