• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 1998

It has been studied that the measurement of odor component emission at confectionery manufacture. The objects of this study were to investigate reduction of offensive odor. The survey effects of odorous materials are presented as follows. The countermeasure of operating process is to minimize sludge sediment in each unit facility. Especially, in summer, we have to clean the sludge frequently, because anaerobic decomposing is likely to occur easily. The sludge or scum from sedimentation tank pond, and floating tank should be treated quickly. We should avoid overloading operation. In the case of overloading, dissolved oxygen should be increased, the quality of wastewater input should be decreased. When dried cakes from condense tank or floating tank are left in treatment plant, we should cover, to prevent diffusion of smell with masking materials. The seasonal condition of operating should be fixed and the kind of coagulants should be changed because the wastewater in each season have different loading rates and organic materials. Odorous materials are very sensitive to the seasonal temperature variation. Especially, when the amount of rainfall is small and the high temperature of maintenance in long periods, air diffusion rate is large, so odorous materials can make great effect on surroundings comparision with other periods. To reduce odorous gas, as short term method, we had better take ceramic addition method. Especially, in summer we should take ceramic addition method. Also, as long term method, the size of wastewater treatment facility is the most important in the normal operating of wastewater treatment facility. But wastewater treatment facilities in this factory are too old, treatment process is old fashion, and the size is too small. So, large wastewater quantity to treat in summer. As results, the expansion of wastewater treatment facility and the process of improvement are required. Restriction level of odor was exceed. As it is overloaded in summer, the basis cause of odor is that the size of wastewater treatment facility is small. The prediction of air quality equilibrium density variation show that the odorous materials from working place are Amine materials whose smell strength is about 2.5(a little strong degree). We can suppose that in summer is sensitive to temperature variation, smell strength is larger as to reduce the origin of odor. We must expand wastewater treatment facility and improve the process A.S.A.P.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.48-58
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• 2020

Surplus resources including workforce and space have occurred by the implementation of electronic government. In order to utilize these resources for welfare, culture, employment, and sports for all, the plan for merging closed dong offices is going on. Meanwhile, the demand for childcare facilities is increasing due to the growing number of working couples and small-scale families, but the government has underwent many budget problems in processes such as new construction and purchase of the land. In response, this study purposes to present measures to simultaneously solve the problems of expanding childcare facilities due to the current increase in demand for them and of closed dong offices due to their reduced role from the implementation of the e-government. As a method of research, a survey was conducted on the current status and actual condition of childcare facilities using closed dong offices, and the spatial compositions of the facilities were compared through J-graph based on spatial syntax. Through this method, the types of space generated by the use of the existing dong offices were derived, and the problems and directions for improvement were described.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.623-633
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• 2020

Objectives: Since scaling has been covered by insurance, the number of patients undergoing scaling has increased. Simultaneously, legal disputes around scaling have increased. Therefore, this study was aimed at comparing the differences between the perceptions of dental hygienists and patients regarding the scaling procedure and providing dental hygienists with basic data to find ways to reduce disputes arising from these differences. Methods: A survey was conducted on 119 dental hygienists working in Busan and the South Gyeongsang Province and 110 patients who visited hospitals for scaling. Frequency analyses were performed for dental hygienists' scaling behavior and patient discomfort during scaling. The independent t-test and chi-square test were performed to compare the perceptions of dental hygienists and patients regarding the scaling procedure. Results: Polishing after scaling was performed according to 70.1% of dental hygienists but only 29.9% of patients. Oral health education was provided according to 20.4% of dental hygienists, while 79.6% of patients said that they received oral health education at the Dentiform. The scaling time was reported to be shorter by patients than by dental hygienists. Both dental hygienists and patients said that legal action was required if problems occurred during scaling, and the refund standard was that patients needed it more than dental hygienists. Conclusions: There are differences between the perceptions of dental hygienists and patients regarding scaling. Dental hygienists should identify these differences and try to prevent conflicts or disputes with patients around scaling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify work-related risk factors associated with upper extremity symptoms among construction workers using the fourth Korean Working Condition Survey(KWCS). Methods: Subjects were 2,724 construction workers selected from 50,007 respondents in the 2014 KWCS. The presence or absence of upper extremity symptoms and work-related risk factors, including individual, physical, and psychosocial factors, were used as variables. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed in order to evaluate the relationship of the upper extremity symptoms with work-related risk factors. Results: Upper extremity symptoms were significantly associated with: employment type(OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18~2.09); job satisfaction(OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.33~3.18); verbal abuse(OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.33~3.18); tiring or painful posture(OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.73~3.15); carrying or moving heavy loads(OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.23~2.24); repetitive hand or arm movement(OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.06~1.91) Conclusions: In order to prevent the upper extremity musculoskeletal disease in the construction industry, it is necessary to stabilize employment, enhance job satisfaction, and eliminate violence in the workplace and improve physical work environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the influences on physical status and study achievement by the dietary behavior of the youth in Korea. The survey was carried from June to July, 1995 by way of questionnaire to 397 students. The students' study achievement records and physical status were analyzed by the factor of dietary behavior. The results were as follows: 1 The average physical status of male students was lean, but females were standard. 76ft of mothers of the subjects were working in specialty farming. The monthly income of their family was $1000{\sim}1500$ thousand Won and students' pocket money was $20{\sim}40$ thousand Won per month. 2. The aspects of meal behavior included the general idea that the meal was thought to relieve hunger, and preference of taste was spiciness The most important factor of the meals for the students was taste. Their bad meal habits were quick eating and irregularity of meals. 3. There was a significant difference in the comparison of the study achieving records with the frequency of supper However, there was no one meaningful difference between study achievement records and the attendance rate to school, health status, and living conditions. However, there was a significant difference between their study records and eating with family. The students, who had the breakfast and/or supper with family, remarked better study records than other groups. 4. Also, there was a significant difference of study records with physical status. The overweight or obese students had a lower degree of study score (p<0.1). Adolescence is considered a period of setting up dietary behavior, so it is necessary to educate good nutrition and dietary habits for students to keep in healthy physical condition and with high study achievements.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.808-820
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• 2006

In regard to indoor air quality patterns, the government introduced various polices that were about managing and monitoring quality of indoor air as a major assignment, and also executed 'Indoor Air Quality Management Act' which was presented in the May, 2004. However, among the multi-usage facilities controlled by the Act, the school was not included yet. This study goal was to investigate PM 10 pollution patterns of the high school classrooms using a pattern recognition method based on cluster analysis and disjoint principal component analysis, and further to survey levels of inorganic elements in May, June, and September, 2004. A hierarchical clustering method was examined to obtain possible objects in pseudo homogeneous sample classes by transformation raw data and by applying various distance. Following the analysis, the disjoint principal component analysis was used to define homogeneous sample class after deleting outliers. Then three homogeneous Patterns were obtained as follows: the first class had been separated and objects in the class were considered to be sampled under semi-open condition. This class had high concentration of Ca, Fe, Mg, K, Al, and Na which are related with a soil and a chalk compounds. The second class was obtained in which objects were sampled while working air-conditioners and was identified low concentration of PM 10 and elements. Objects in the last class were assigned during rainy day. A chalk, soil element and various types of anthropogenic sources including combustions and industrial influenced the third class. This methodology was thought to be helpful enough to classify indoor air quality patterns and indoor environmental categories when controlling an indoor air quality.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.295-311
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• 2011

The government is working out the development of a venture enterprise through a venture certification system. The broad effects of its policies are anticipated by the government and revealed in the 'The Survey on Actual Condition of Venture Enterprises 2010'. These benefits include the revitalization of start-up, promotion of technological innovation, progress in marketing ability, improvement in corporate image, financing and investment, and benefit from tax reduction & exemption. However, with the estimation of production function and sales function, which both uses capital and labor as a basic elements, it was found that only 'financing and ease of investment' produces a statistically significant effect on production and sales. An addition, this study looks into whether venture-supporting system are helpful to the eradication of technical inefficiency. The policies brought about positive changes in reduction of technical inefficiencies except with regard to the ease of start-up where it was found that an increase in inefficiencies was the result.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.351-360
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• 2020

This study was conducted to compare and analyze occupational stress and satisfaction levels of the nurses in two different units to provide data for effective nursing resource management. Survey was conducted in four hospitals in June 2019 and data was obtained from 62 nurses in comprehensive nursing service units (CNSU) and 62 nurses in general units (GU). CNSU nurses had higher level of job satisfaction than GU nurses. Contributing factors included pay, professional status, administration, autonomy, task requirements, and interaction. Job stress level was not significantly different between groups. GU nurses had higher stress levels from nursing practice, conflict with doctors, and patients and caregivers, while CNSU nurses had higher stress levels in working condition. Negative correlation was found between job satisfaction and stress in GU nurses, whereas not in CNSU nurses. Clear definition of task, smaller work load, appropriate reward, and educational support is suggested to enhance job satisfaction.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the general health status of radiological technologists by using Todai Health Index(THI) that has been employed as a standard health assessment tool for a specific group. The subjects in this study were 800 radiological technologists who were working in clinics, hospitals and university hospitals in and around Seoul and in some provincial cities. A survey was conducted directly or by mail in June and July, 2001. And the response rate was 68%. Using THI, the following findings were acquired: 1. By gender, both male and female radiological technologists complained about multiple subjective symptom(I) the most. And the women made more significant complaint of eight items including irregular life. 2. By age group, the radiological technologists whose age ranged from 20 to 24 got higher marks in most of the items, including multiple subjective symptom(I) and symptoms related to eyes and skin. 3. For career, those who had worked for a year or less or for one to five years got higher marks in most of the items. 4. Concerning marital status, the unmarried people complained about many items more, and the married people's symptom was more associated with live scale(L). 5. By the type of medical institution, the radiological technologists in the university hospitals got higher marks in two items including aggressiveness(F), but those in the clinics complained about the others more. 6. Regarding a place of service, there were little differences between the radiological technologists in basement and on the ground.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out what kind of change in death rate when job stress is solved by calculating job stress relieve coefficient. Methods: This study used the data of the fourth working condition survey. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between health effects recognition and Death rate per 10,000 workers. After that the recognizing and non - recognizing groups were categorized by health effects recognition, and the differences between the two groups were confirmed by cross tabulation analysis. Results: Regress analysis P-value is 0.011 and $R^2$ is 0.979. Death rate per 10,000 worker increased with the increase in the number of non - health impact recognizing group. The relieve factors were (1) work culture(2.859) (2) physical environment(2.184), (3) improper reward (1,839), (4) relationship conflict(1.646), (5) job requirement(1.613), (6) job autonomy(1.354), (7) job instability(1.334), And (8) organizational system(1.201). The higher the relieve coefficient is, the higher the probability of belonging to the non - health impact recognizing group when there is no job stress factor. Conclusions: When job stress is resolved, there is a high probability that the health impact recognition is reduced, which can lead to an increase in death rate. but according to previous studies, Job stress can cause accidents by reducing the safety behavior of accidents. The job stress management plan should simultaneously consider reducing job stress and increasing health impact recognition.