• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.25-38
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to protect workers and pedestrians from accidents at night or bad weather by attaching optical fiber to existing safety clothing that is made only with fluorescent fabrics and retroreflective materials. A safety vest was designed and manufactured by applying optical fiber, and energy-harvesting technology was developed. The safety vest was designed to emit light using the automatic flashing of optical fibers attached to the film, and an energy harvester was manufactured and attached to drive the light emission of the optical fiber more continuously. As a result, first, the vest wearer' body was recognized from a distance through the optical fiber and retroreflection, which helped prevent accidents. Thus, this concept helps in saving lives by preventing accidents during night-time work on the roadside or activities of rescue crew and sports activities, or by quickly finding the point of an accident with a signal that changes the optical fiber light emission. Second, to use the wasted energy, a piezoelectric-element power generation system was developed and the piezoelectric-harvesting device was mounted. Potentially, energy was efficiently produced by activating the effective charging amount of the battery part and charging it auxiliary. In the existing safety vest, detecting the person wearing the vest is almost impossible in the absence of ambient light. However, in this study, the wearer could be found within 100 m by the light emission from the safety vest even with no ambient light. Therefore, in this study, we will help in preventing and reducing accidents by developing smart safety clothing using optical fiber and energy harvester attached to save lives.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.204-214
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• 1993

Work on fracture mechanics has provided a technical basis for elimination of main coolant loop double ended guillotine breaks from the structural design basis of reactor coolant system. Without main coolant loop pipe breaks, the tributary pipe breaks must be considered as design bases until further fracture mechanics work could eliminate some of these breaks from design consideration. This paper determines the core support barrel shell responses for the 3 inch pressurizer spray line nozzle break which is expected to be the only inlet break remaining in the primary side after leak-before-break evaluation is extended to smaller size pipes in the near future. The responses are compared with those due to 14 inch safety injection nozzle break and main coolant loop pipe break. The results show that, when the leak-before-break concept is applied to the primary side piping systems with a diameter of 10 inches or over, the core support barrel shell responses due to pipe breaks in the primary side are negligible for the faulted condition design.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1991

The concept of damage is all-pervasive in structural engineering. It can be considered a state variable and defined to vary from 0(no damage) to 1(failure). Thus, the factor of safety against failure, the most important aspect of a structure, cannot be assessed without evaluating the damageability of a structure under load. It is the objective of the research reported herein to study the behavior of concrete under repeated load applications. Concrete is known to deteriorate under such loading, i.e., it suffers damage of increasing degree. Its response to future loading is a function of the amount of damage sustained during previous load exposures. The same can be said about reinforced concrete members and entire structures, but here we wish to consider only plain concrete and express some of its material properties as functions of the degree of sustained damage. The work described herein is based on the stipulation that the energy dissipation capacity of plain concrete is a material property and the damage accumulates in direct proportion to the degree to which the energy dissipation capacity is being exhausted, in some analogy to both high- and low-cycle failure behavior of materials.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.19-30
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• 2013

This Study analyzes dynamic of a puzzle game play by applying entropy law. Entropy is a concept that a quantitative measure of the amount of thermal energy not available to do work in a closed system. And amount of entropy can be measured only if we see the closed system as whole, the field. Puzzle game is also closed system. When player moves an object in game, it change a relationship among objects in play field. In , through an act of position change, player sustains a play field active. In respect of an entropy, this kind of play is considered as pursue of usability of the energy. In , player piles up objects without empty space. In respect of an entropy, this kind of play is considered as pursue of the order. Likewise, puzzle game play can be considered as simulation of a human's pursue of the order in an entropy increasing physical world. And this pursue is a driving force of puzzle game play.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.23-28
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• 2021

The article discusses the features of adaptation of the parameters of the physical layer of data transmission in self-organizing networks based on unmanned aerial vehicles operating in the conditions of "smart cities". The concept of cities of this type is defined, the historical path of formation, the current state and prospects for further development in the aspect of transition to "smart cities" of the third generation are shown. Cities of this type are aimed at providing more comfortable and safe living conditions for citizens and autonomous automated work of all components of the urban economy. The perspective of the development of urban mobile automated technical means of infocommunications is shown, one of the leading directions of which is the creation and active use of wireless self-organizing networks based on unmanned aerial vehicles. The advantages of using small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles for organizing networks of this type are considered, as well as the range of tasks to be solved in the conditions of modern "smart cities". It is shown that for the transition to self-organizing networks in the conditions of "smart cities" of the third generation, it is necessary to ensure the adaptation of various levels of OSI network models to dynamically changing operating conditions, which is especially important for the physical layer. To maintain an acceptable level of the value of the bit error probability when transmitting command and telemetry data, it is proposed to adaptively change the coding rate depending on the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver input (or on the number of channel decoder errors), and when transmitting payload data, it is also proposed to adaptively change the coding rate together with the choice of modulation methods that differ in energy and spectral efficiency. As options for the practical implementation of these solutions, it is proposed to use an approach based on the principles of neuro-fuzzy control, for which examples of determining the boundaries of theoretically achievable efficiency are given.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.751-773
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• 1995

We, clinical nurse specialists practising and guiding student practice in a Community health nursing clinic, wanted to develop a family pattern appraisal consistent with Rogers' conceptual system, the nursing model guiding our practice. We use Rogers' model because it is harmonious with the traditional Korean view of the one human, natural and cosmic world. The purpose of our research was to contribute to science - based nursing practice, not only, one helpful model, but also a model of how to use, in guiding practice, a conceptual system which reflects nurse practitioners' philosophy of nursing, is intellectually satisfying, and enriches meaning in daily nursing life. The research objectives were to review the literature on Rogers' model and analyse it according to Kim's five - level analytical framework, to explore Rogers' definition of family, to review appraisals based on Rogers' model, and to develop a family appraisal which is culturally appropriate for use in our community. This work including the use of the appraisal and its refinement with families in our practice which was done during 1994 and 1995, in Seoul, in the Capital of the Republic of Korea. At the highest level of analysis, Rogers conceptual system emphasizes acausality and multidimentional meaning ; the world view is characterized by process, movement and wholeness. The epistemology Is one of holism and the knowledge base includes all forms of experience, from sensory to mystical, objective, and subjective. At the metaparadigm level, nursing focuses on the unitary human being and the environment. At the level of nursing philosophy, the model identifies human being, nursing, nurse, and illness and health. At the paradigm level the model assumes the irriducibility of the human to parts, noncausality and continual change. Rogers' practice methodology consists of pattern manifestation appraisal and deliberative mutual patterning. Under-standing patterns and patterning of people is the key to helping them achieve their potential. At the theory level, the basic assumptions, key concepts, and homeodynamic principles were identified. Rogers states the family energy field is an undividable, four-dimensional negentropic energy field which is in a larger envircinmental field show-ing such characteristics as cannot be predicted by knowledge of individual family members. Based on the word of Rogers scholars, we chose Rogers' correlates of patterning to understand the family unit as a whole-frequency, rhythms, motion, time perception, sleeping-waking beyond waking, pragmatic -imaginative-visionary to develop the appraisal. We, also used some of Barrel's (1988) criteria including interpersonal network and professional health care access and use, and Cordon's (1982) criteria including self perception - self concept modified to fit the family. Our family Pattern appraisal included 1. Influencirg data, 2. Professional health care access and use, 3. Family self perception-self concept, 4. Family interpersonal network, 5. Sleep-wake-be-yond waking, 6. Pragmatic-imaginary-visionary, 7. Family frequency and rhythm, 8. Family motion, 9. Family time perception. The appraisal was used with four families and modified to eliminate overlap and to make it possible for the family member to express themselves more easily. We plan to gain more experience with the appraisal toward further development of the tool.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.313-319
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• 2019

The A-KRS (Advanced Korean Reference Disposal System) is the disposal concept for pyroprocessed waste, which has been developed by the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. In this disposal concept, the amount of high-level radioactive waste is minimized using pyrochemical process, called pyroprocessing. The produced pyroprocessed waste is then solidified in the form of monazite ceramic. The final product of ceramic wastes will be disposed of in a deep geological repository. By the way, the decay heat is generated due to the radioactive decay of fission products and raises the temperature of buffer materials in the near field of radioactive waste repository. However, the buffer temperature must be kept below $100^{\circ}C$ according to the safety regulation. Usually, the temperature can be controlled by variation of the canister interdistance. However, KAERI has modelled thermal analysis under the boundary condition, where the waste canisters are in direct contact with each other. Therefore, a reliable temperature analysis in the disposal system may fail because of unknown thermal resistence values caused by the spatial gap between waste canisters. In the present work, we have performed thermal analyses considering the gap between heating elements and canisters at the beginning of canister loading into the radioactive waste repository. All thermal analyses were performed using the COMSOL software package.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2012

This work investigated the influence of the chimney dimensions(exit and entrance length, and diameter) on the heat transfer of a vertical cylinder in a duct. The measured mass transfer rates for the natural convection of vertical cylinder in a duct were presented for Prandlt number 2,094, Rayleigh number in the range of $4.55{\times}10^9$, $5.79{\times}10^{10}$, and $1.69{\times}10^{11}$. Experiments were performed using a copper sulfate electroplating system to simulate heat transfer based upon the analogy concept. The diameter of the duct was varied from 0.06 m to 0.14 m, and the heights from 0.30 m to 1.10 m. Nusselt numbers measured at open channel condition agreed well with the existing laminar heat transfer correlations for vertical plate developed by Le Fevre. The increase of the exit length enhanced the heat transfer up to a certain duct height but further increase does not affects the heat transfer. The heat transfer decreased with increasing the entrance length up to a certain duct height and was constant at further increase. The Nusselt number decreased with increasing the diameter of duct, until Nusselt number becomes similar to that at open channel beyond a certain diameter.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.283-295
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• 2007

The technical feasibility of a pyroprocessing of PWR spent fuels to recover nuclear fuel materials, uranium and transuranic elements group(TRU), was examined in this study. Also its applicability as a new fuel cycle technology in terms of non-proliferation was investigated. First, various unit processes were combined to a pyroprocess. Then the flow aspects of such materials of issue as uranium, transuraniums, rare earth, noble metals and heat generating elements were examined on the flowsheet, which was obtained by the assumptions on the basis of various experimental results in this work or separation data collected from literatures. Consequently, the calculated results of the material balance for the whole process showed that uranium and TRU could be recovered as products by 98.0 % and 97.0 %, respectively, from a PWR spent fuel while removing the other elemental groups into radioactive wastes. On the one hand, the TRU product was found to emit a considerable amount of ${\gamma}$-ray as well as neutrons favorably contributing to the strategy of proliferation resistance.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to define the content of requisite human structure and function knowledge needed for clinical knowledge of nursing practice. Subjects of human structure and function were divided into 10 units, and each unit was further divided into 21 subunits, resulting in a total of 90 items. Contents of knowledge of human structure and function were constructed from syllabus of basic nursing subjects in 4 college of nursing, and textbooks published by nurse scholars prepared with basic nursing sciences. The degree of need of 90 items was measured with a 4 point scale. The subjects of this study were college graduated 136 nurses from seven university hospitals in Seoul and three university hospitals located in Chonnam Province, Kyungbook Province, and Inchon. They have been working at internal medicine ward, surgical ward, intensive care unit, obstetrics and gynecology ward, pediatrics ward, opthalmology ward, ear, nose, and throat ward, emergency room, rehabilitation ward, cancer ward, hospice ward, and their working period was mostly under 5 years. The results were as follows: 1. The highest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice were electrolyte balance, blood clotting mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, hematopoietic function, body fluid balance, function of plasma, and anatomical terminology in the order of importance. The lowest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice was sexual factors of genetic mutation. 2. The highest order of need according to unit was membrane transport in the living unit, anatomical terminology in movement and exercise unit, mechanism of hormone function in regulation and integration unit, component and function of blood in oxygenation function unit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive and energy metabolism unit, temperature regulation in temperature regulation unit electrolyte balance in body fluid and electrolyte unit, concept of immunity in body resistance unit, and genetics terminology in genetics unit. The highest order of importance according to subunit was membrane transportation in cell subunit, classification of tissues in tissue unit, function of skin and skin in skin subunit, anatomical derivatives of the skeleton subunit, classification of joints in joint subunit, an effect of exercise on muscles in muscle subunit, function of brain in nervous system subunit, special sense in sensory subunit mechanism of hormone function in endocrine subunit, structure and function of female reproductive system in reproductive system unit, structure and function of blood in blood unit, structure of heart, electrical and mechanical function in cardiovascular system unit, structure of respiratory system in respiratory system subunit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive system subunit, hormonal regulation of metabolism in nutrition and metabolism subunit, function of kidney in urologic system subunit, electolyte balance in body fluid, electolyte and acid-base balance subunit. 3. The common content of human structure and function knowledge need for all clinical areas in nursing was structure and function of blood, hematopoietic function, function of plasm, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, body fluid, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance. However, the degree of need of each human structure and function knowledge was different depending on clinical areas. 4. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as skin and derivatives of the skin, growth and development of bone, classification of joint, classification of muscle, structure of muscle, function of muscle, function of spinal cord, peripheral nerve, structure and function of pancrease, component and function of blood, function of plasma, structure and function of blood, hemodynamics, respiratory dynamics, gas transport, regulation of respiration, chemical digestion of foods, absorption of foods, characteristics of nutrients, metabolism and hormonal regulation, body energy balance were demonstrated according to the duration of work. 5. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as classification of tissue, classification of muscles, function of muscles, muscle metabolism, classification of skeletal muscles, classification of nervous system, neurotransmitters, mechanism of hormone function, pituitary and pituitary hormone, structure and function of male reproductive organ, structure and function of female reproductive organ, component and function of blood, function of plasma, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, gas exchange, gas transport, regulation of respiration, characteristics of nutrients, energy balance, function of kidney, concept of immunity, classification and function of immunity were shown according to the work area. Based on these findings, all the 90 items constructed by Korean Academic Society of Basic Nursing Science should be included as contents of human structure and function knowledge.