• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.794-806
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• 2020

본 연구는 만65세 이상 노인의 자아통합현상을 심층적으로 이해하고 기술하기 위해 시도되었다. 자료는 2020년 6월부터 7월까지 반구조화된 질문을 통한 심층면담으로 수집되었다. 자료는 현상학적 연구의 분석방법 중 Colaizzi 방법으로 분석하였다. 모든 인터뷰는 분석을 위하여 녹취하여 필사하였다. 분석을 통하여 309개의 중요한 진술이 추출되었고, 88개의 의미형성, 53개의 주제, 16개의 주제묶음, 5개의 범주가 도출되었다. 범주와 주제묶음은 다음과 같다 : '지난 생애를 흐뭇하게 되돌아봄'('생애주기에 따른 보람', '책임을 다함으로 이룩함', '특별하고 감사하게 성취됨'), '씁쓸한 지난날로 인해 지금 외롭고 괴로움'('신체의 건강과 심리사회적 욕구가 충족되지 않음', '부모와 자녀를 위한 선택을 잘하지 못함', '노후생활이 녹록치 않음'), '고단하고 어려운 삶의 여정을 잘 견뎌낸 만족감'('직장과 가정에서 수고한 것을 보상 받음', '견디고 극복함으로 문제가 해결됨', '지난날의 습관에서 벗어나 노년을 건강하게 살고 있음'), '노년기 삶의 방법을 터득하여 살아감'('지금이 제일 뿌듯하고 좋을 때임', '노년에 자기관리 함', '늦었으나 열정적으로 살기', '충만한 마음으로 생활전선에서 물러남'), '마지막 때를 아름답게 마무리함'('노년에 대한 바램', '임종을 맞이했을 때의 희망', '죽음이 다가왔을 때의 모습과 감정')이었다. 자아통합현상은 과거의 아쉬움이나 어려움을 회상함으로써 인생의 의미를 통찰하게 되고, 이런 회상을 통해서 남은 생애를 위해 긍정적이며 초월적인 희망을 가지게 됨이 관찰되었다. 노인의 자아통합은 주관적이며 역동성이 있고, 연속적이기보다는 동시에 일어나는 것으로 보였다. 나이와 경험의 형태를 고려하여 다양한 간호중재를 개발할 것을 추천한다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2006

This study examined effects of crude oil on the phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in mussel Mytilus edulis and rockfish Sebastes schlegeli, a representative bivalve and a culture fish, respectively. This work also intended indirectly to evaluate the post impact recovery from the massive oil tanker spillage accidents occurred during the summer of 1995 in the sea area off Yosu City, Chonnam. For these, enzyme activities of UDPGT and GST were examined in the fish and mussel following laboratory exposure to fresh crude oil, weathered oil, field-obtained oil residues, or in the field biota samples. Decreased GST activity was observed in rock fish following exposure to oil-soluble fraction (OSF) of fresh oil. A similar diminished GST activity was also observed after OSF of artificially weathered oil. OSF of field oil residues retrieved from the spillage area approximately 1 year later also exerted a slight inhibition of GST to rockfish. There was neither a change in UDPGT in rockfish, nor were there changes in mussel in both enzymes to any oil fractions. We could not observe any difference in the two enzymes either in rockfish or mussel sampled from the field during $1.5{\sim}2.0$ years post spillage, indicating that their enzyme systems might had been recovered by the sampling time. In conclusion, it seems that the inhibition of GST activity in rockfish is a biomarker response to crude oil exposure. The results, however, must be interpreted with care, as the inhibition nay reflect various factors such as oil concentration, duration and water temperature.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.169-187
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• 2001

This study was performed to probe the effect of exercise program on muscle strength, endurance, flexibility, pain, disability level and life satisfaction in female teachers of elementary school who complain of low back pain. For this study, 44 female teachers aged 30-50 years with mechanical low back pain of 6 months' duration, who had the structural normalities in the lumbar spine, were recruited from April 1 to July 10 1999. Twenty three out of them were assigned to the experimental group and twenty one to the control group. The exercise program consisted of education on right postures, the etiology and diagnosis of low back pain, and exercise intervention such as muscle relaxation, elongation and strengthening. With 8 weeks program, the subjects received two sessions of education and six sessions of group exercise in the 1st week, while three sessions of group exercise and four sessions of individual exercise weekly and two sessions of education during the later 7 weeks. The muscle strength and endurance were measured by Cybex 770, the flexibility by flexibility measurement machine, the intensity of pain by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the level of disability by Oswestry low back pain disability scale, depression by Beck depression inventory (BDI), and life satisfaction by Life satisfaction index-Z. Study measurements were taken before and after 8 weeks exercise program. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, t-test, and ANCOVA. The results were as follows ; 1. The flexors and extensors peak torque and flexors peak torque per body weight of experimental group were significantly increased at test velocities $30^{\circ}$/sec, $60^{\circ}$/sec compared with those of control group. There was no significant difference in extensors peak torque per flexors peak torque at $30^{\circ}/sec$, $60^{\circ}/sec$ between experimental and control group. 2. The flexors and extensors total work and flexors total work per body weight of experimental group were significantly increased at $120^{\circ}/sec$, compared with those of control group. 3.The flexibility of lumbar spine in experimental group was significantly increased compared with that of control group. The pains in anterior, posterior, left lateral and right lateral bending and in rotation of experimental group were significantly increased compared with those of control group. 4. The Oswestry disability scores of experimental and control group were significantly decreased, and there was no difference in the Oswestry disability score change between experimental and control group. 5. The scores of BDI of experimental group were significantly decreased compared with those of control group. Life satisfaction index-Z scores of experimental group were not changed, but those of control group were significantly decreased. There was no difference in the score change of Life satisfaction index-Z between experimental and control group. 6. ANCOVA analysis for the data variables of inhomogeneous baseline represented that there was no significant difference in extensors peak torque and extensors total work at $120^{\circ}/sec$ and extensor total work per body weight at $120^{\circ}/sec$ change between experimental group and control group. These findings indicate that the exercise program could be effective in increasing the muscle strength, endurance, flexibility and decreasing pain, improving depression in female teachers of elementary school with chronic low back pain. It is suggested that the exercise program could be an essential factor for the effective nursing intervention to the patients suffered from chronic low back pain.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2009

콘크리트궤도는 유지보수상의 장점으로 인하여 자갈궤도를 급속히 대체하고 있다. 반면에 보수보강이 어렵기 때문에 매우 엄격한 설계와 시공기술이 필요하며 이러한 기술을 만족하기 위해서는 평가기술 또한 뒷받침이 되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같이 시공 및 유지보수의 핀 평가기술을 확보하기 위한 방안으로서 탄성파를 이용하는 비파괴조사기법을 다양하게 적용하였다. 사용된 기법은 SASW시험, 임팩트에코시험, 연속임팩트에코시험이다. 시험은 49개의 프리캐스트 판넬의 강성구조와 충진성능을 평가하는 목적으로 총 5,353회에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 적용 결과, 콘크리트재료 자체의 비균질성으로 인하여 탄성파시험의 적용 및 분석이 제한적이지만 본 논문에서 목적하는 슬래브의 강성구조과 충전성(공극)에 대한 신뢰성 있는 조사 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.617-638
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• 2020

노년기 식생활은 신체적⋅심리적 건강 유지와 삶의 질 유지에 중요하다. 그러나 나이가 들수록 스스로 식사를 챙기기 어려워 영양 섭취가 어렵다. 그중에서도 저소득 재가노인은 적절한 영양섭취에 가장 취약한 인구집단이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그동안 노년기 식생활 보장에 관한 사회복지 관점의 연구는 드물었다. 본 연구의 목적은 저소득 재가노인 대상 식사배달사업의 운영현황을 파악하고 관련 쟁점을 탐색하여 저소득 재가노인의 식생활 보장 방안을 모색하는 것이다. 연구목적 달성을 위하여 서울시 소재 노인 무료급식 사업 운영기관에 종사하고 있는 영양사(8인)와 사회복지사(7인)를 대상으로 표적집단면접(Focus Group Interview, FGI)을 실시하였다. 그 결과 도출된 서울시 저소득 어르신 식사배달에 관한 쟁점은 모호한 사업 대상자 선정 기준, 열악한 사업 운영 여건, 일선 인력의 업무 과중, 맞춤형 식사 제공 실현의 어려움 등으로 요약된다. 재가노인의 식생활 보장은 지역사회 계속 거주(aging in place)를 위한 전제조건이며, 이를 위해서는 사회복지 차원에서 저소득 재가노인의 욕구를 반영한 식사배달제공, 그리고 영양 및 위생관리가 가능한 사업 운영 여건을 어떻게 조성할 것인지에 대한 논의가 필요하다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1479-1488
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• 2022

Objective: This work was to determine coat inheritance and evaluate production performance for crossbred pigs from Berkshire×Chenghua (BC) compared with Chinese indigenous Chenghua (CH) pigs. Methods: The coat color phenotypes were recorded for more than 16,000 pigs, and the genotypes of melanocortin 1 receptor (MCIR) gene were identified by sequencing. The reproductive performance of 927 crossbred BC F4 gilts and 320 purebred CH gilts was recorded. Sixty pigs of each breed were randomly selected at approximately 60 days of age to determine growth performance during fattening period, which lasted for 150 days for BC pigs and 240 days for CH pigs. At the end of the fattening period, 30 pigs of each breed were slaughtered to determine carcass composition and meat quality. Results: The coat color of BC pigs exhibits a "dominant black" hereditary pattern, and all piglets derived from boars or sows genotyped E^D1 E^D1 homozygous for MC1R gene showed a uniform black coat phenotype. The BC F4 gilts displayed a good reproductive performance, showing a higher litter and tear size and were heavier at farrowing litter and at weaning litter than the CH gilts, but they reached puberty later than the CH gilts. BC F4 pigs exhibited improved growth and carcass characteristics with a higher average daily live weight gain, lower feed-to-gain ratio, and higher carcass lean meat rate than CH pigs. Like CH pigs, BC F4 pigs produced superior meat-quality characteristics, showing ideal pH and meat-color values, high intramuscular fat content and water-holding capacity, and acceptable muscle-fiber parameters. C18:1, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:2 were the main fatty acids in M. longissimus lumborum in the two breeds, and a remarkably high polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio of ~0.39 was observed in the BC F4 pigs. Conclusion: The BC F4 pigs exhibit a uniform black coat pattern and acceptable total production performance.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2003

U. unicinctus 난세포를 인공수정한 결과 수정 시기는 germinal vesicle (2n)기였으며 정자 중앙부에서 돌출한 actomere와 난모세포의 미세융모 끝에서 세포막 융합이 시작되는 것으로 관찰되었다. Germinal vesicle기에 수정이 가능하였으므로 pre-mitotic spindle이 관찰되지 않은 것으로 사료되었다. 수정 후 난모세포는 제1, 2감수분열을 수행하였으며 각각의 감수분열 장치들은 감수분열 말기에 난모세포막과 밀접한 구조를 형성하였고, 이 부위에서 극체가 형성되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 극체 형성시 난모세포막은 세포분열의 관점에서 형태가 없는 것이 아니라 항-튜블린-FITC에 대한 활성구조를 형성하였으며, 각 감수분열 장치의 한쪽 극 (pole)과 어떤 복합구조를 형성하는 것으로 보인다. 제2극체 형성도 제1극체와 유사한 방법으로 형성되었으나, 제2감수분열 장치는 난모세포막의 접선에 평행하게 생성된 후 세포막을 향해 이동하면서 방추사의 양극성이 회전 (shift-rotation)하였고 접선에 수직으로 정렬하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 난모세포의 감수분열 장치에서 방추사의 활성은 강하였으나 aster의 활성은 비교적 약한 것으로 보였다. 제2감수분열이 진행되는 동안 난모세포질에 머믈고 있던 정자는 점차 미래의 자성 전핵 형성부인 난모세포막 근접부로 이동하는 것이 관찰되었다. 난모세포막 근접부로 이동하는 동안 정자 aster의 활성은 점차 강해지는 반면 난모세포의 aster에서는 활성이 미약한 것으로 보아서 자웅 전핵융합을 주도하는 것은 정자 유래의 aster인 것으로 사료되었다. 제1난모세포의 감수분열 장치가 활성화되는 시기에 제1극체의 방추사에서도 강한 활성을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2020

광주광역시 서구에 세하동에 위치한 만귀정(晩歸亭)은 선조의 유업을 계승하기 위해 그의 후손들이 중건하였다. 본 연구는 중건, 중수 과정을 거치며 변화되어온 만귀정의 경관을 살펴보고 만귀정 원림의 역사 경관의 변천과정을 연구하였다. 첫째, 만귀정 원림에는 방지로 되어있는 연못의 형태에 만귀정과 습향각(襲香閣) 그리고 묵암정사(黙菴精舍)로 총 세 개의 정자와 세 개의 다리를 사이에 두고 일렬로 배치 되어있는 매우 특이하고 보기 드문 정자군이다. 둘째, 만귀정의 설립자인 효우당 장창우(孝友堂 張昌羽)는 후학을 가르치고, 늙은 만년(晩年)에 풍류(風流)를 즐기기 위해 초당으로 지어진 만귀정은 훗날 무너진 자리에 그의 후손들이 선조인 장창우의 업적을 기리기 위해 중건되었다. 즉, 중건하는 과정에서 만귀정의 경영이 변화되었음을 보여주었다. 셋째, 선조인 장창우의 팔경(八景)과 그의 후손들의 시문을 통해서 현재와 비교해보았을 때 습향각과 묵암정사의 설립과 도시의 발달로 인한 도로의 확장으로 인해 경관과 연못의 형태가 훼손되었음을 밝혔다. 넷째, 만귀정원림의 연못은 물줄기가 들어오는 저수지가 아닌 샘으로 추정한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2004

This study was conducted to explore the impacts of involvement in the Vietnam War on the self-esteem of the veterans in their later lives. In this study, 14 Korean male Vietnam War veterans from 55 to 63 years old were asked about the impacts of their war experiences on their self-esteem. From the analysis of the in-depth interviews the following conclusions were drawn: First, the veterans perceived that their self-esteem improved with both internal and external impacts of their activities in Vietnam. The internal aspects that improved the veterans' self-esteem were recalling their positive memories of Vietnam War, such as being on duty at a war front for the sake of our country, doing volunteer work for the villagers, and becoming a masculine heroic figure in the family legend. The external aspects were positive attitudes and responses toward their war activities from their family, friends, and neighbors. Second, they also felt persistently frustrated with their recurring memories of involvement in killing human beings, experiences of negative family and social responses, and the side effects of herbicidal cyanide they suffer. In this article, the following suggestions were made. First, standardized images and good-will episodes of the Vietnam War need to be provided by the government, in order to improve public images on the veterans. Second, intensive adjustment programs for the families of older veterans in special needs should be developed in collaboration with various veterans' societies and family counseling institutions, so that the spouses and children can be relieved from tension-laden contacts with the veterans and prevent violent incidents.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제48권
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• pp.7-41
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• 2002

This paper analyses the proposals contained in the British Government Green Paper, A New Contract for Welfare: Partnership in Pensions for low paid workers and the potential of the new rules to guarantee a decent income in old age. The UK pension system is a partnership between the State(providing the basic state pension and the SERPS), employers(providing occupational pension scheme) and private pension providers(providing personal pensions). Although the system needs to change, this partnership remains the right foundation. However, the pension Green Paper proposes substantial changes to second tier pension provision in the UK. In particular, the Government plans to replace the SERPS with a new State Second Pension. According to the Green Paper, this will result in "dramatically better pension provision for those earning less than ${\pounds}9,000$ a year" and through increased payments to private pension schemes, will also provide "extra help to those on middle incomes(${\pounds}9,000-{\pounds}18,500$ a year). Therefore, it discusses the general principles inherent in the design of the British pension system and analyses the balance of these principles is represented in the Green Paper. The paper then examines how the Government's proposals protect individuals from a means-tested old age. This paper finds that the Green paper's proposals add up to reinventing a new two-stage basic pension. However, two key features of a such a basic pension package are missing- an 'adequate' level of payment and comprehensive entitlement. Because of these missing principles we argue that the Green Paper's proposals incorporate for the low paid. The income from the basic pension and the secondary pension which is so near the means-tested minimum that little is gained in retirement from a lifetime of work and contribution. Indeed, the shift away from collective provision and the emphasis on individual responsibility will reinforce this inequality, so that many poor will continue to experience poverty in later life.