• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.397-404
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• 2013

This paper propose the hardware architecture of face detection hardware system using the AdaBoost algorithm. The proposed structure of face detection hardware system is possible to work in 30frame per second and in real time. And the AdaBoost algorithm is adopted to learn and generate the characteristics of the face data by Matlab, and finally detected the face using this data. This paper describes the face detection hardware structure composed of image scaler, integral image extraction, face comparing, memory interface, data grouper and detected result display. The proposed circuit is so designed to process one point in one cycle that the prosed design can process full HD($1920{\times}1080$) image at 70MHz, which is approximate $2316087{\times}30$ cycle. Furthermore, This paper use the reducing the word length by Overflow to reduce memory size. and the proposed structure for face detection has been designed using Verilog HDL and modified in Mentor Graphics Modelsim. The proposed structure has been work on 45MHz operating frequency and use 74,757 LUT in FPGA Xilinx Virtex-5 XC5LX330.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.439-449
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• 2011

The characteristics of rock fractures for engineering rock classification are investigated by analyzing three dimensional point cloud generated from adjusted digital images of a tunnel face during construction and the tunnel is reinforced based on the supporting pattern suggested by the RMR and the Q system using parameters extracted from those images. As results, it is possible saving time required from face mapping to tunnel reinforcing work, enhancing safety during face mapping work in tunnels and reliability of both the mapping information and selecting supporting pattern by storing the files of digital images and related information which can be checked again, if necessary sometime in the future.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.2547-2567
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• 2021

It has been widely acknowledged that occlusion impairments adversely distress many face recognition algorithms' performance. Therefore, it is crucial to solving the problem of face image occlusion in face recognition. To solve the image occlusion problem in face recognition, this paper aims to automatically de-occlude the human face majority or discriminative regions to improve face recognition performance. To achieve this, we decompose the generative process into two key stages and employ a separate generative adversarial network (GAN)-based network in both stages. The first stage generates an initial coarse face image without an occlusion mask. The second stage refines the result from the first stage by forcing it closer to real face images or ground truth. To increase the performance and minimize the artifacts in the generated result, a new refine loss (e.g., reconstruction loss, perceptual loss, and adversarial loss) is used to determine all differences between the generated de-occluded face image and ground truth. Furthermore, we build occluded face images and corresponding occlusion-free face images dataset. We trained our model on this new dataset and later tested it on real-world face images. The experiment results (qualitative and quantitative) and the comparative study confirm the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed work in removing challenging occlusion masks with various structures, sizes, shapes, types, and positions.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.23-39
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate empirically whether the expected effects of smart work in organizations were different between job types and positions. The development of information technology is demanding innovation of working style within the enterprise. There is a tendency to prefer the face-to-face working style in traditional organizations in the case of some positions or job types. However, many companies are carrying out smart work such as teleworking or telecommuting, flexible working time. But many companies still stick to their existing working methods. There is also the causal relationship between accepting attitudes toward smart work and expectation effects, depending on the position and the job types, even within the same organization. As a result of research, causal relationship analysis showed that the significant factors affecting productivity were teleworking and increasing work efficiency. The national social cost savings were influenced by the improvement of quality of life and flexible working hours. In order to activate communication within the organization, there was a positive effect on the increase of work efficiency. Only flexible working hours between the general manager and subordinates showed a significant difference.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.47-51
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• 2015

Faces play a key role in revealing the personalized attributes such as the identity, emotion, health condition, etc. Due to the importance of faces, computer-assisted face modeling and reconstruction have been actively studied both in computer vision and graphics community. Especially, face reconstruction and realistic face synthesis are well-grounded research problems and various approaches have been proposed during the last decade. In this paper, we discuss a wide range of existing work in face modeling by introducing their target applications, categorizing them upon their methodology and addressing their strength and weakness on performance. Finally, we introduce remaining research issues and suggest the future research direction in face modeling. We believe that this paper provides a high-level overview on face modeling techniques and helps understand the major research issues and the trends of methodology.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.153-176
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• 2023

Purpose As non-face-to-face work environments become common due to COVID-19, interest in online collaboration tools that can communicate smoothly without time and space limitations is continuously increasing. Most of the prior studies are about the introduction, use intention, and satisfaction of cloud computing-based collaboration tools, and studies on the effects of collaboration tools on work-life balance and quality of life are somewhat lacking. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of cloud computing-based collaboration tools were derived, and the effect on job satisfaction during work and job stress outside of working hours was confirmed. Design/methodology/approach This study applied the S-O-R framework and conducted an online survey of office workers who used cloud computing-based collaboration tools for more than three months. Hypotheses were tested using structural equations. Findings As a result of the analysis, among the characteristics of collaboration tools, stability, usefulness, and interoperability had higher job satisfaction as more stimuli were applied. In addition, the higher the job satisfaction during work, the higher the job performance, work-life balance, and quality of life.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1075-1086
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• 2018

In this paper a cross-validation algorithm for training probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) is presented in order to be applied to automatic face identification. Actually, standard PNNs perform pretty well for small and medium sized databases but they suffer from serious problems when it comes to using them with large databases like those encountered in biometrics applications. To address this issue, we proposed in this work a new training algorithm for PNNs to reduce the hidden layer's size and avoid over-fitting at the same time. The proposed training algorithm generates networks with a smaller hidden layer which contains only representative examples in the training data set. Moreover, adding new classes or samples after training does not require retraining, which is one of the main characteristics of this solution. Results presented in this work show a great improvement both in the processing speed and generalization of the proposed classifier. This improvement is mainly caused by reducing significantly the size of the hidden layer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.10
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• pp.85-97
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• 2009

This study aims at applying Photoshop functions to digital make-up(DM) for aging effect based upon the knowledge of phrenology, comparing the result with that of the real or off-line make-up(OM) and identifying any possible difference between two methods: which contributes to understanding the potential and problems of DM at application level. This study aims at suggesting a method to apply computer graphics(CGs) to special effect make-up for aging effect through a case, contributing to attracting academic concerns and building theoretical frameworks for DM. It used 'Aging Process' in Adobe Photoshop CS4 Extended(CS4E) to change a young girl into a senior lady. In the process of DM, the study applies various tools and methods to making face wrinkled, finds the most effective way among them for each area of face, suggests a method to integrate the ways and shows the result of the method. Compared with OM, DM using CS4E is the less constrained work regarding procedure and time. Specifically, it can save the time tremendously because the reiterative operation of work can be omitted, when the same work is repeated, using 'Action' function which memorizes the history of the work. Once a DM work is produced, since it is durable, reusable and convertible to various images with additional operations, it seems very economical as well as highly promising to market the work through on-line sales. Regarding face features and skin, it reviewed literature in make-up and phrenology while it used Photoshop CS4 Extended tools to demonstrate a case of aging effect by combining and painting pictures of a young lady and a senior citizen.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.987-990
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• 2005

An important issue in the field of face recognitions and man-machine interfaces is an automatic detection of faces in visual scenes. it should be computationally fast enough to allow an online detection. In this paper we describe our ongoing work on face detection that models the face appearance by edge orientation and color distribution. We show that edge orientation is a powerful feature to describe objects like faces. We present a method for face region detection using edge orientation and a method for face feature detection using local color information. We demonstrate the capability of our detection method on an image database of 1877 images taken from more than 700 people. The variations in head size, lighting and background are considerable, and all images are taken using low-end cameras. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves 94% detection rate with a resonable amount of computation time.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.363-372
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• 2022

One of the most frequent issues in tunnel excavation is the collapse of rock blocks and the dropping of rock fragments from the tunnel face. The tunnel face can be reinforced using a number of techniques. One of the most popular and affordable solutions is the use of face longitudinal dowels, which has benefits including high strength, flexibility, and ease of cutting. In order to examine the reinforced face, this work shows the longitudinal deformation profile and ground response curve for a tunnel face. This approach is based on assumptions made during the analysis phase of problem solving. By knowing the tunnel face response and dowel behavior, the interaction of two elements can be solved. The rock element equation derived from the rock bolt method is combined with the dowel differential equation to solve the reinforced ground response curve (GRC). With a straightforward and accurate analytical equation, the new differential equation produces the reinforced displacement of the tunnel face at each stage of excavation. With simple equations and a less involved computational process, this approach offers quick and accurate solutions. The FLAC3D simulation has been compared with the suggested analytical approach. A logical error is apparent from the discrepancies between the two solutions. Each component of the equation's effect has also been described.