• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1992

This study has made use of the work sampling for work analysis and productivity of food service institutions centering on 3 general hospitals of 400∼600 beds and centralized service system in Seoul. The results were as flollows; 1. In the mean work percent of dietitians: The indirect work functions marked the highest, as it was 22.0% for the direct work functions, 57.4% for the indirect work functions and 20.6% for the delays. Among the indirect work functions, the decreasing order was original clerical (38.1%), instruction or teaching (8.5%), conference or interview (8.5%), and appraisal (2.3%). 2. In the mean work percent of clerical personnels: The direct work functions (67.2%) marked the highest. Among those, routine clerical was 64.3%, and receiving was 2.8%. 3. In the mean work percent of workers: The direct work functions (77.4%) marked the highest. Among those, the decreasing order was service (24.7%), cooking (22.5%), cleaning (18.2%), and transportation (10.3%). 4. Work percent per labor hour: Dietitians usually continued to work even during the lunch time. In case of clerical personnel working in turn, work percent was high even during the lunch time, however in the other case, it was very low. It was shown that the workers had lunch and break time after every their service. 5. The number of meals served per labor hour were 6.3 meals, and labor time spent per served meal 9.8 minutes.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.109-124
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of study is to understand the effect of Airline industry employee's workaholism on Work Family conflict and Satisfaction of Life. Methods: The research method of this paper is to analyze data which was collected from 328 female cabin crew at airline located in Jeju Air. Results: The results of this study are summarized be summarized as follows: First, Work Obsession as the subordinate variables of workaholism positively affect Work Family conflict, but Work Enjoyment and Commitment of Work negatively affect work family conflict. Second, The results showed that had the higher level of Work to Family conflict than that of Family to Work conflict. Both directions had a negative impact on life satisfaction. Conclusion: Work Enjoyment and Work Commitment of variable workaholic had the higher level of Work to Family conflict than that of Family to Work conflict. So, it is important to make efforts to promote Work Enjoyment and Work Commitment of workaholic with resolving Work Family conflict in married managerial women by families and corporations.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.462-467
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• 2018

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of work on medical expenditures by the elderly. Methods: Data pertaining to individuals aged 65 or older collected by the Korean Health Panel 2008-2013 were used. The effects of work on medical expenditures were analyzed in a panel tobit model adjusted for several variables of demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, and health factors for health care. Data were also analyzed based on age groups (65-74, $75{\leq}$), type of work (waged or self-employed), and working time (daytime work or night time work). Results: Among the elderly older than 65 years, 34-37% were workers. Work among the elderly reduced medical expenditures relative to nonworking elderly. Specifically, medical expenditures were lower in individuals older than 75 years, as well as among those who were self-employed insured and had medical aid insurance and those who exercised. However, medical expenditures were higher among females, married individuals, those with a higher household income, and those with a chronic disease. Elderly wageworkers showed reduced medical expenditures than nonworking elderly and elderly daytime workers did. Conclusion: The elderly population's work, especially wage work and daytime work, reduced medical expenditures relative to no work. These results provide valuable information for policymakers by indicating that work was associated with lower medical expenditures than no work. If elderly work is to be encouraged, it is necessary to provide a variety of high-quality wage work.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.75-88
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• 2019

This study focuses on changes in a father's role from one that is work-centered to a work-family balance, analyzing the type of father's work-family reconciliation and to compare the differences among the types. An online survey was conducted with 1,037 fathers of school-aged children. The survey subjects were assigned to a ratio of 1:2:1:1 for fathers who have a child in kindergarten, elementary school, middle school and high school. The fathers' work-family reconciliation type was a variable composed of three categories: work-centered, family-centered, and work-family centered. In the research model of this study, the fathers' work-family reconciliation type was influenced by family characteristics(the age of first child, the number of children, dual earner, and spouse support) and work characteristics(weekly working hours, work flexibility, and leaving work on time). We analyzed characteristics of work-family reconciliation through housework time, child care time, leisure time, family meals, and time spend talking with their children. The results showed that father's work-family reconciliation type was significantly different according to the characteristics such as first child age and spouse support, work characteristics such as weekly working hours and leaving work on time. The time distribution differed significantly depending on the father's work-family reconciliation type. Therefore, a fathers' work-family reconciliation can be considered typified by the interaction of family and work characteristics. This study suggests policy implications for supporting fathers' work-family reconciliation.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.220-226
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• 2022

Background: Research on the impact of psychosocial risks on well-being at work remains scarce in low- and middle-income countries, especially in the banking sector. This study sought to examine the relationships between job demands, job resources, well-being, job satisfaction, and work engagement in the Zimbabwean banking sector. Methods: An online survey was administered to 259 employees from five banks. Hierarchical multiple regression tested the relationships between job demands (quantitative demands, emotional demands, work pace, and work-family conflict), job resources (possibilities for development, social support from colleagues and supervisors, quality of leadership, and influence at work), well-being, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Interactions between all variables were tested. Results: Job demands were negatively related to well-being, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Job resources had positive relationships with the same. Work pace had positive relationships with well-being and work engagement. Influence at work moderated the relationship between emotional demands and work pace with well-being. Possibilities for development moderated the relationship between work-family conflict and well-being. Work-family conflict moderated the relationship between social support from colleagues and job satisfaction. Emotional demands, work pace, and quantitative demands moderated the relationship between influence at work with job satisfaction and work engagement. Conclusion: Job demands should be reduced where possible in order to enhance employee well-being, work engagement, and job satisfaction. The job resources that should be availed to facilitate a positive psychosocial work environment in the banking sector include social support from supervisors, influence at work, and possibilities for development.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.359-366
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• 2013

Although many research efforts have been conducted to address the effect of crew members' work skills (e.g., technical and planning skills) on work performance (e.g., work duration and quality) in construction projects, the relationship between skill and performance has generated a great deal of controversy in the field of management (Inkpen and Crossan 1995). This controversy can lead to under- or over-estimations of the overall project schedule, and can make it difficult for project managers to implement appropriate managerial policies for enhancing project performance. To address this issue, the following aspects need to be considered: (a) work performances are determined not only by individual-level work skill but also by the group-level work skill affected by work team members, each member's role, and any working behavior pattern; (b) work planning has significant effects on to what extent work skill enhances performance; and (c) different types of activities in construction require different types of work, skill, and team composition. This research, therefore, develops a system dynamics (SD) model to analyze the effects of both individual-and group-level (i.e., multi-level) skill on performances by utilizing the advantages of SD in capturing a feedback process and state changes, especially in human factors (e.g., attitude, ability, and behavior). The model incorporates: (a) a multi-level skill evolution and relevant behavior development mechanism within a work group; (b) the interaction among work planning, a crew's skill-learning, skill manifestation, and performances; and (c) the different work characteristics of each activity. This model can be utilized to implement appropriate work planning (e.g., work scope and work schedule) and crew management policies (e.g., work team composition and decision of each worker's role) with an awareness of crew's skill and work performance. Understanding the different characteristics of each activity can also support project managers in applying strategic work planning and crew management for a corresponding activity, which may enhance each activity's performance, as well as the overall project performance.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.35-65
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• 2005

본 연구는 사회복지 교육이 사회복지 가치의 형성과 사회복지 옹호실천에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보았다. 또한 사회복지 옹호실천에 대한 사회복지 교육의 직접효과뿐 아니라 사회복지 가치를 매개로 한 간접효과를 검증함으로써 사회복지 옹호 실천에 있어서의 사회복지 가치의 중요성을 보여주고 있다. 조사대상자는 2004년에 서울과 경기지역의 사회복지관에서 근무하고 있는 242명의 사회복지사이며, 조사도구로는 사회복지 옹호태도, 사회복지 옹호전략, 사회복지 교육성과, 사회복지 가치, 자존감, 통제소재 척도를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/PC+ 12.0을 사용하여 기술통계분석, 피어슨의 상관관계, 신뢰도 분석, 요인분석, 다중회귀분석을 통한 경로분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 사회복지옹호실천을 높이기 위해서는 인간행동과 사회환경, 실천론, 정책론, 조사론 및 실습 등의 기본적 방법론을 충실히 하는 것과 사회적 차원의 사회복지가치의 함양이 중요하다는 것을 실증적으로 보여주었다는 데에 의의가 있다. 또한 기존에 이루어지고 있는 사회복지 교육과정의 전반적인 재검토와 개인적 차원에 머무르고 있는 사회복지 가치의 체계를 사회적 차원으로 확대하고자 하는 방향성을 제시하였다는 데에 의의가 있다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.575-591
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• 2013

In this paper the relationship of various types of work-family interaction (i.e. work-family conflict, and work-family enhancement) with individual, family, and employment characteristics was explored in a sample of 1000 married employed women with preschool children. By using cluster analysis, we tried to reveal whether specific combinations of the various dimensions of work-family interaction (WFI) exist. Our results showed that employed women did not simply experience work-family conflict or work-family enhancement, but that they should be classified in four distinct clusters: (1) 189 employed women experienced primarily work-family enhancement(i.e. positive WFI); (2) 289 employed women experienced primarily work-family conflict(i. e. negative WFI); (3) 338 employed women experienced work-family conflict and work-family enhancement simultaneously(i. e. both positive and negative WIF); (4) 184 employed women did not experience either work-family conflict or work-family enhancement(i. e. low WFI). Results further showed that the emerging WFI-clusters appeared to have distinct profiles with respect to individual, family and employment characteristics.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.85-100
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• 1999

This study was to get basic data for the establishment of proper labor counterplan so that we estimated farm work volume and work loads by crops. We examined the method of work practices such as a work posture, work time, measured work environment such as hot, cold, humidity and ultraviolet rays and calculated physical loads induced by them. Also we surveyed work environment, work posture, sleeping time and work time because they affect on farmer's health. Farmer's health survey was investigated by questionnaire and measured farmer's physical load. The types of farm work were classified into greenhouse farming, rice farming, dry field farming, stock farming and special crop farming. 11 crops were selected, for example, greenhouse melon, riceㆍred pepper, milky cow farming, pear, grapes, dropwort, sweet potato, potato, radish, and cabbage. We also chose subject districts haying the most yield of 11 crops. Our survey was conducted for the period when farmers think the hardest period in physical work load. The farm work models based on work standard were presented according with farmer's health.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.283-285
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• 2001

The most work-space invest much time and labor for optimal arrangement. The work-plates of the work-space should be arranged, processed and assembled under the restricted work space. The optimal arrangement under the terms of a restriction arrange the maximum work-plates in appointed work-space. It's the central aim. The work-plates arrangement scheduling of the most work-space are achieved through the experience of the planner. Like this, if the work-plates arrangement is worked by hand, there spend much time for the training planner. And the burden of the personnel expenses occur for using the master worker, also there are dangerous factors to be able to bring the bottleneck circumstance for the process planning, because the quick work planning does not accomplish. With such problems, the biggest problem is inferior the value of the plan. For solved the such problem of hand-operating, some work-spaces developed and used the work-plate arrangement scheduling system for the special quality of themselves. This paper make research into a plan to develop the work-plate arrangement scheduling system efficiently.