• Wind and Structures
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.175-200
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• 2023

The large eddy simulation (LES) of the flow around a circular cylinder is not only affected by the sub-grid scale (SGS) model but also by the grid resolution of the computational domain. To study the influence of different grids on the LES results, the LES simulations of the flow around a circular cylinder with different grids at Reynolds number (Re) = 3900 was performed. A circular computational domain with different radial growth rates and circumferential and spanwise grid numbers was adopted for the simulations. Meanwhile, the aerodynamic forces, wind pressure coefficients, mean and instantaneous flow fields, and the effect of grid resolution on them were comprehensively analyzed. The results indicate that the lift coefficient, wind pressure coefficient, and recirculation length are significantly affected by the radial growth rate of the grid and the circumferential grid number. The spanwise grid number has a significant influence on the three-dimensionality of the flow and plays an important role in velocity fluctuations in the wake region. Nevertheless, the aerodynamic coefficients and recirculation length are not sufficiently sensitive to the grid number in the spanwise direction. By comparing the results, it can be concluded that suitable and reliable LES results can be obtained when the radial growth rate is 1.03 or 1.05, the circumferential grid number is 160, 200, or 240, and the spanwise grid number is 64. A radial growth rate 1.05, circumferential grid number 160, and spanwise grid number 64 are recommended to reduce the grid amount and further improve the efficiency.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1223-1237
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• 2020

This study focused on comparing the meteorological conditions in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) on high-event days and non-event days in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). We utilized observed PM10 and meteorological variables at the surface as well as at the upper heights. The results showed that high-event days were consistently associated with lower wind speed, whereas wind direction showed no particular difference between high-event and non-event days with frequent westerlies and northwesterlies for both cases. During high-event days, the temperature was much warmer than the monthly normal values with a sharp increasing trend, and Relative Humidity (RH) was higher than the monthly normal, especially on high-event days in February. During high-event days in spring, a double inversion layer was present at surface and upper heights. This indicates that stability in the multi-layer is an important indicator of higher PM10 concentrations. Net radiation in spring and winter is also closely associated with higher PM10 concentrations. Strong net radiation resulted in large sensible heat, which in turn facilitated a deeper mixing height with diluted PM10 concentrations; in contrast, PM10 concentrations were higher when sensible heat in spring and winter was very low. We also confirmed that convective and friction velocity was higher on non-event days than on high-event days, and this was especially obvious in spring and winter. This indicated that thermal turbulence was dominant in spring, whereas in winter, mechanical turbulence was dominant over the SMA.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

우리나라 남서해안은 풍력발전에 최적지로 평가받고 있으며 최근 해상풍력 구조물을 포함하는 해안구조물의 건설이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 우리나라 남서해안의 조차는 3~8 m까지 발생하여 남서해안에 설치되는 풍력기초들은 횡방향력과 조류의 다방향 흐름에 의한 세굴로 전체 구조물에 예상치 못한 진동에 의한 불안정성이 야기될 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 회전식 수리저항성능 실험기를 이용하여 인공지반시료의 수리저항성능을 평가하였으며 전기비저항 측정결과와 비교하여 수리저항성능과 전기비저항 특성과의 상관관계에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 실험결과 일방향 한계전단응력과 양방향 한계전단응력을 상한계와 하한계로 표시하고 전기비저항 특성과 상관관계를 도시하면 조립토와 세립토가 비교적 명확히 구분되고 한계전단응력과의 상관관계 도출이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.475-486
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• 2009

Harmful algal blooms (HAB) caused by the dominant species Cochlodinium polykrikoides (C. polykrikoides) appear in the South Sea of Korea and are particularly present in summer and fall seasons. Environmental factors such as water temperature, weather conditions (air temperature, cloud cover, sunshine, precipitation and wind) influence on the initiation and subsequent development of HAB. The purpose of this research was to study spatial and temporal variations of HAB in the Yeosu area using environmental (oceanic and meteorological) and satellite data. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were calculated using Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) images by an Ocean Chlorophyll 4 (OC4) algorithm, and HAB were estimated using the Red tide index Chlorophyll Algorithm (RCA). We also used the surface velocity of sequential satellite images applying the Maximum Cross Correlation method to detect chlorophyll-a movement. The results showed that the water temperature during HAB occurrences in August 2002-2008 was $19.4-30.2^{\circ}C$. In terms of the frequency of the mean of cell density of C. polykrikoides, the cell density of the HAB found at low (<300 cells/ml), medium (300-1000 cells/ml), and high (>1000 cells/ml) levels were 27.01%, 37.44%, and 35.55%, respectively. Meteorological data for 2002-2008 showed that the mean air temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and sunshine duration were $22.39^{\circ}C$, 6.54 mm/day, 3.98 m/s (southwesterly), and 1-11.7 h, respectively. Our results suggest that HAB events in the Yeosu area can be triggered and extended by heavy precipitation and massive movement of HAB from the East China Sea. Satellite images data from July to October 2002-2006 showed that the OC4 algorithm generally estimated high chlorophyll-a concentration ($2-20\;mg/m^3$) throughout the coastal area, whereas the RCA estimated concentrations at $2-10\;mg/m^3$. The surface velocity of chlorophyll-a movement from sequential satellite images revealed the same patterns in the direction of the Tsushima Warm Current.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

본 연구는 KLAM_21을 활용한 바람형성기능 평가분석에 관한 연구로서 대구시를 사례대상지로 실제 도시공간상에서 지형조건과 토지이용에 따라 어떻게 바람이 유동하고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 먼저, 신천상류 가창골 일대의 계곡과 주변산지 경사면에서 형성된 찬공기는 신천상류를 따라 북쪽으로 유동되어 확장되고 있었으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 찬공기의 양과 높이 그리고 유속 및 방향 등에 있어서도 점점 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있었다. 이는 이 지역의 공간적 특성이 찬공기가 생성되고 유동하는데 있어서 매우 양호한 조건을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 한편, 앞산공원지역에서는 앞산공원일대를 가로지르는 고가도로와 바람의 유동을 방해하는 대규모의 아파트단지 밀집, 그리고 공원내의 건축물 등의 도시개발의 행위로 인하여 찬공기의 생성 및 유동이 크게 방해를 받고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 찬공기의 양과 높이에 있어서도 미약하게 나타나고 있다. 결국, 바람길의 공간적 효과를 극대화시키기 위해서는 바람길생성의 기본 형태인 찬공기 형성 및 유동, 그리고 찬공기 축적 및 유지지역이 공간적으로 연계되어야 하며, 이러한 공간적 연계는 지역의 공간적 특성과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 미사일형상의 몸체(쉘)와 쉘의 헤드부에 조종면을 부착한 발사체에서 힘과 모멘트를 측정하였다. 쉘과 헤드부는 상호 분리되어 있으며, 쉘은 모터에 의하여 회전되도록 하였다. 헤드부는 쉘의 회전방향과는 반대로 회전하며, 헤드부의 회전은 한 쌍의 조종면에 동일한 회전 방향으로 각변위을 주어서 비행하는 경우에 자연적으로 회전력이 발생되도록 하였다. 실험에서의 유속은 40 m/s로 설정하였으며, 레이놀드수는 헤드직경을 기준으로 $1.3{\times}10^5$였다. 발사체의 자세제어 및 방향전환을 위하여 헤드부에 있는 다른 한쌍의 조종면은 각변위의 조정이 가능하도록 하였다. 회전하는 발사체에서 힘과 모멘트의 변화가 측정되었으며, 측정된 결과로부터 FFT 분석을 통하여 영향력이 있는 진폭과 주파수를 얻었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1999

제주도 서부 연안역인 한림 정치망어장의 해황과 어획량 변동과의 관계를 파악하기 위해 1995년$\~$1996년에 실시한 정선 및 정점조사의 수온 및 염분자료, 시계열분석, 단기변동, 해수유동상황과 1994년$\~$1996년의 한림 정치망의 어획량 변동에 관해 검토가 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 한림 정치망에 가장 많이 잡히는 어종은 전갱이 ($69.2\%$)이고 그 다음으로 고등어 ($18.4\%$), 갈치 ($5.6\%$), 오징어($2.7\%$), 독가시치 ($1.4\%$)의 순이며. 조업기간은 5월에서 12월까지로 6월과 10월에 어획량의 피크가 있고 이중 10월에 년중 최고 어획량이 나타난다. 2) 한림 정치망에서는 밀물인 북류성분과 썰물인 남류성분이 명료히 나타나 해수의 연직혼합이 원활하고 남류의 지속기간(3시간 이상)이 길어 외측의 중$\cdot$저층수가 강하게 영향을 미쳐 어장까지 공급되어, 일별 평균수온이 낮고 염분 상승내지는 고염분수가 출현할 때 좋은 어획량을 보이는 경향이 있다. 또 대조기인 망이나 삭보다 소조기인 상$\cdot$하현에 어획량이 많g으며, 남$\~$남동풍이 3$\~$6.5m/sec정도 볼 때 호어가 나타날 가능성이 높다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.97-108
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• 1996

A new type of passive samplers were designed and produced by authors. After evaluating the quality of activated carbon by measuring recovery rate of organic vapors and steadiness of sampling rate, activated carbon with 30 - 35 mesh produced by Company S in Korea was selected. In each passive sampler, an amount of 400 mg of the activated carbon was filled in 25-mm cassette and covered by fixed screen (or wire screen with 100 mesh). In addition to the fixed screen, a wind screen (or wire screen with 300 mesh) was also attached at outer face. The sampling rate of the new Korean passive samplers was estimated Conclusions obtained in the study are as follows. 1. Sampling rates of the newly developed Korean passive samplers were affected by sampling time. For n-hexane, sampling rates of 15- and 60-minute samples were 70.92 and 37.45 ml/min, respectively. Sampling rate of both 200- and 450-minute samples was 25.96 ml/min. It is concluded that, when passive samplers are used for measuring organic vapors, samples be collected longer than 60 minutes. 2. Sampling rate of the passive samplers was also affected by airborne concentration of organic vapors. Lower sampling rates were determined at level of 1/2 threshold limit values (TLVs) recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). It is recommended that sampling rate of the passive samplers be obtained at site by measuring concentrations using both the NIOSH Method and passive samplers simultaneously. 3. When the passive samplers, which collected organic vapors, were exposed to clean air for five hours, there was no significant loss of organic vapors due to reverse diffusion. 4. When samples were stored at room temperature ($21.8{\pm}0.7^{\circ}C$) and refrigerator ($3.8{\pm}0.7^{\circ}C$), there was no significant difference in the accuracy of results. For trichloroethylene and n-hexane, accuracies were within 25 % at both temperatures until seven days. However, poor accuracy exceeding 25 % was indicated in toluene from the first day. It is recommended that samples be stored at freezing temperature below $0^{\circ}C$. 5. Sampling efficiency was significantly affected by direction of the passive samplers. Results of samplers facing wind and down, respectively, were compared. Lower amount of organic vapors were collected when the sampler was oriented down. It is recommended that, when air velocity is low in plants, the passive samplers be oriented to the wind. However, when air velocity is high, the passive samplers be oriented down.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.55-71
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• 1989

This study was carried out to determine the ozone concentration to behaviour and the factors to be influenced the variation of its concentration in the ambient air in Seoul. Measurements of ozone concentrations were made at 10 monitoring station to take care of SIHE (Seoul Institute of Health & Environment) during December 1987 to November 1988, also measured the hourly average concentration of sulfur dioxide, total suspended particulate, nitrogen oxide $(NO & NO_2)$, carbon monoxide, hydro carbon $(n-CH_4 & THC)$ and meteorological factors, that is, temperature, humidity, wind velocity wind direction and ultraviolet intensity etc, for the same period at same place. The basis of the data obtained were analyzed statistically along with the various data. The results were as follows; 1. The annually arithmetic mean concentration of ozone for the 10 sites during one years was 10.0 ppb and ranged from 3.1 $\pm$ 4.5ppb at the Kuro industrial complex to 17.2 $\pm$ 18.7 ppb at the Ssangmun site. 2. The frequency of hours on which oxidant concentrations exceeded the present short term standard of ozone (100 ppb) were 78 times. 3. The diurnal patterns of hourly ozone concentrations in Seoul area was a typical bi-modal variation which have 4 to 5 a.m. peak and 3. to 4 p.m peak. 4. The time ozone of highest ozone concentration in a whole day and hight was 1 to 5 p.m and 90.9 percent of appearence rate. 5. The diurnal patterns of hourly ozone concentrations in Seoul were on the whole the order of daytime from 5.8ppb to 28.7 ppb evening from 1.7 to 18.7 ppb night time from 1.9 to 9.3 ppb daybreak from 1.4ppb according to measuring sites, and the highest that observed at the Ssangmun area while the lowest was the Kuro industrial complex monitor sites. 6. The weekly variation of ozone concentration was the higher level ozone concentration in the day of the week occured sunday-monday and weekend but the decrease were observed from wednesday to thursday.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.338-340
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• 2014

본 연구는 산악에서 발생되는 비상응급 상황에 대한 응급 구조 헬리콥터의 착륙 지점 및 착륙 불가시 강하 지점을 선정하는 것으로 지리정보시스템(GIS)을 이용하여 비상응급 구조 체제의 의사결정을 지원하는데 목적이 있다. 연구지역은 경기도 포천시 일대로 한정하였다. 산악 내 헬리콥터의 착륙 지점 및 강하지점 2가지 결과 값으로 분류하였으며 수치지형도, 임상도, 산림입지토양도를 기초 자료로 활용하였다. 착륙지점은 경사, 지형특성, 식생특성 및 헬리콥터 제원에 따른 헬리콥터 착륙지점 면적값을 요인으로 하였고, 강하지점은 경사, 식생특성을 요인으로 분류하여 GIS의 중첩기능 기법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 다만, 본 연구는 풍향 및 풍속 요인 등의 인자값을 배재하고 수행되었다. 향후, 기상청 DB와 연계함으로써, 좀 더 분석의 효율을 높일 필요가 있다.