• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.21 no.3 s.87
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2005

To investigate the oxidative stability of the Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracted oil, we prepared extracted oil from the cultivated and wild roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon by autoclave method with soybean oil. The oil were stored for 30 days at $60^{\circ}C$, and the peroxide value (POV), acid value (AV) and carbonyl value(CV) were measured periodically. The weight was highly decreased in the oil added roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon during the storage period. POV of soybean oil containing wild and cultivated Lithospermum erythrorhizon was generally enhanced with prolonged storage time, with the POV of the samples being lower than 100 meq/kg.oil after 30 days of storage. However, the POV of soybean oil was higher than 100meq/kg.oil after 10 days of storage. The pattern of the changes of AV and CV of soybean oil containing wild and cultivated Lithospermum erythrorhizon, were almost constant during the experimental periods. Nevertheless, the pattern of the changes of AV of soybean oil was rapidly increased during 20 days of storage, and that of CV of soybean oil was rapidly increased duringdays of storage and then slowly increased during the remainder of the experimental period. However, soybein oil was rapidly increased during 20 days of storage and then slowly decreased during the reminder of the experimental period. The overall results suggest that wild and cultivated Lithosyermum erythrorhizon added antioxidant activities to the autooxidation of soybean oil.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.878-880
• /
• 2005

Antimutagenic effects of methanol extracts of various soybean pastes against aflatoxin B1 were examined using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. Antimutagenic activities of boiled soybeans, Japanese Miso, traditional Korean soybean pastes, soybean pastes fermented by wild type strains, and soybean pastes fermented by mutants, transformants, and cell fusants were 53.6 to 54.6%, 73 to 79.7%, 78.3 to 95.7%, 85 to 97.1%, 71.9 to 78.3%, 65.5 to 77.7%, and 73.4 to 79.0%, respectively. Soybean pastes fermented by wild type strains showed higher activities than those fermented by mutant, transformant, and cell fusant strains.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.311-317
• /
• 2011

This experiment was conducted to give basic information to sprout-soybean breeding and automated sprout production by investigating the effect of seed size on the sprout growth and texture. Twenty cultivars and lines including large and medium soybean, small interspecific cultivars and extra-small wild soybean lines were used. Seeds were cultured for 4 days using small sprout-culturing kits. Hypocotyl length of large Hwanggeumkong, small Pungsannamulkong and Soyoung were longer and wild soybean lines were shorter than other cultivars. Fresh sprout weight and growth rate per unit dry seed weight of wild soybean lines ware increased dramatically and more than other cultivars between 48 to 72 hours after culture. Not only the increasing rate but sprout yield ratio to used dry seed weight showed the negative relationship pattern with seed size. The hardness of hypocotyl in Jangyeubkong, mastication in Taekwang, and cutting force in Eunhakong were the highest as 3,505 g, 1,650 g, and 133 g respectively, and texture values of these traits in wild soybean YWS516 were the lowest. Cutting force of soybean hypocotyl showed the positive relationship pattern with seed size. Breaking force of hypocotyl in large Jangyeobkong was the highest as 83.5g and wild soybean lines were the lowest showing the same pattern as other textural characters.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.243-247
• /
• 1999

Mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms are convenient markers for identifying cytoplasmic variation among plants. We have collected 212 wild soybeans (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc) from all over Korea, and classified mitochondrial genome types based on hybridization patterns in DNA gel-blot analyses using two mitochondrial DNA clones, cox2 and atp6, as probes. Korean wild soybean was classified with eight-mtDNA types, and some of the mtDNAs showed geographical clines among the regions. The diversity index of the mtDNA was much higher in the western and southern regions than in the eastern and northern regions of Korea, respectively. Dissemination and distributive characteristics of wild soybeans in Korea were discussed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.171-175
• /
• 1990

One thousand and seven hundreds and six soybean land reces and 103 wild soybeans of Korea, and 167 cultivars and 71 wild soybeans of exotic were analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to study the distribution of trypsin inhibitor phenotypes. The four ti/ti lines were observed only in Korean native land races. The Ti$\^$*/a allele of cultivar was found to be the highest in Chinese soybean (0,9888) than in Korean soybean(0.8347) and Japanese soybean (0.5954). The heterozygosity of typsin inhibitor in Korean lines occured in relatively high ratio, The percentages of heterozygosity of the Korean land race and wild soybean are 3.6% (N=61) and 9.7%(N=10), respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2007

The evaluation of soybean germplasm has mainly been carried out by morphological characters at Genetic Resources Division, Rural Development Administration (RDA). However, this information has been limited serving a diverse information for user and effectively managing the soybean germplasm. To resolve this problem, soybean collection conserved at RDA gene bank was profiled using nine soybean SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Soybean SSR allele was confirmed using genescan and genotyper softwares of automatic sequencer for accurate genotyping of each accession and continuous accumulation of data. SSR profiling of soybean germplasm has been carried out from 2,855 (Satt458) to 4,368 (Satt197) accessions by locus. The number of allele revealed 267 with an average of 29.6 in total accession, and varied from a low of 21 (Satt532 and Satt141) to a high of 58 (Sat_074). Although the number of accessions of wild soybean is less than that of soybean landraces, Korean wild soybean is more variable than other soybean landraces populations in total number of alleles. However, Korean soybean landraces were more variable than Korean wild soybeans in 5 loci. In the allele frequency, wild soybean accessions showed an even distribution in all alleles and higher distribution in low ladder than in high ladder. Also, Korean soybean landraces revealed a high condensed frequency in Satt286 (202 bp, 232 bp), Chinese soybean landraces in Satt197 (171 bp) and Satt458 (173 bp), and Japanese soybean landraces in Sat_074 (244 bp) and Satt458 (170 bp). These SSR profile information will be provided as indications of redundancies or omissions of accessions and can aid in managing soybean collection held at RDA gene bank. The information on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding program, and could be used to develop a core collection of soybean germplasm.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.50 no.spc1
• /
• pp.118-122
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to obtain useful information and to select promising materials for the breeding of sprout-soybean by the analysis of seed characteristics and chemical composition of Korean local wild soybean lines. For this purpose, crude protein, crude oil contents and fatty acid composition of 70 lines analysed. The crude protein content of Korean wild soybean lines ranged from 35.6 to $47.9\%$, mean was $42.34\%$, and 13 lines showed high protein content over $45\%$. The crude oil content of those ranged from 2.8 to $18.0\%$, mean was $10.2\%$, and 2 low lines were below $2\%$. The fatty acid 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3 ranged $11.1-44.6\%,\;3.0-11.4\%,\;11.1-30.6\%,\;12.4-59.5\%,\;and\;1.1-17.3\%$ respectively, and 2 extremely low fatty acid(18:3) lines were selected. Significant correlation between crude oil and fatty acids(16:0, 18:0, 18:2), and among every fatty acid compositions were recognized. Promising wild soybean lines were selected as genetic resources for sprout-soybean breeding and research genotypes; YWS 104 and YWS189 as the high protein, YWS 28 and YWS30 as the low-crude oil and low 18:3.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2008

Improvement of $N_2$ fixation by symbiotic rhizobia is considered an effective means for enhancing its productivity without high input of nitrogen(N) fertilizer. Several methods to improve $N_2$ fixation have been proposed including the use of supernodulating mutants. The objective of this research was to identify the varietal difference in N and $N_2$-fixation ability among the soybean supernodulating mutants, SS2-2 and Sakukei 4, with different nodulation abilities using $^{15}N$ in field conditions in both Korea and Japan. The dry weight(DW) was higher in wild-type soybeans. The distribution rate of DW in each plant part was high in seeds of supernoduating and wild-type soybeans but high in stems and leaves of non-nodulating mutants. Although the supernodulating mutants had a low DW rate at maturity, they showed a similar $N_2$ fixation ability compared with wild-type. Supernodulating mutant plants mainly obtained N from $N_2$ fixation, while soil N was the main resource for obtaining N in non-nodulating mutants. The percentage of N derived from atmospheric dinitrogen(Ndfa) was higher in supernodulating mutants than in wild-type and relatively high in seeds between plant parts at maturity. In particular, supernodulating mutants showed higher N content in roots than those of wild-type and non-nodulating mutants. It was considered that supernodulating mutants have the advantage of saving nitrate in soil and being beneficial for N absorption of subsequent crops due to their conserving more N in the field and releasing considerable amounts of N from roots and leaves fallen to the soil.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.265-271
• /
• 2004

Genetic variation is the basis of crop improvement. Limited genetic diversity in a crop species may restrict the amount of genetic improvement that can be achieved through plant breeding. Soybean is one of the world's most important crops. A potential source of genetic variability for the cultivated soybean is the wild species G. soja Sieb. ＆amp; Zucc. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is a PCR-based technique, which can detect a 10-fold greater nubmer of loci than other DNA marker analysis. Twenty cultivated soybeans and two-hundred wild soybeans were used to determine genetic vatiations by AFLPs and evaluate the usefulness of AFLPs as DNA markers. Six-hundred and ten fragments were detected with an average of 56 AFLP fragments produced per primer in a total of 11 AFLP primer pairs. The number of polymorphic loci detected per primer ranged from 7 to 20 and the polymorphism was greater in wild than in cultivated soybean. F$_2$ segregation analysis of four AFLP fragments in combination of Hwaeomputkong ${\times}$ PI 417479 indicated that they segregate as stable Mendelian loci with 3 : 1. This results strongly suggest that the AFLP analysis is a good technique for the detection of genetic polymorphism in a wide plant species.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.16-24
• /
• 2009

Although leaf characters are important in soybean [Glycin max (L.) Merr.] breeding and development of cultural methods, very little information has been reported. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and analyze the relationships among leaf characters and suggest possible classification criteria for cultivating and wild (Glycin soja Sieb. & Zucc.) soybeans. Total of 94 cultivating and 91 wild soybean accessions from the Soybean Germplasm Laboratory of Chungbuk National University were used for this study. Central leaflet of the second leaf from the top of the plant was selected to measure leaf characters. Average leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf shape index (LSI) of cultivating and wild soybeans were 12.3$\pm$1.25 cm and 6.6$\pm$1.35 cm, 6.8$\pm$1.241 cm and 2.9$\pm$0.92 cm, 55.6$\pm$15.75 $cm^2$ and 14.3$\pm$7.83 $cm^2$, and 1.9$\pm$0.38 and 2.4$\pm$0.53, respectively. Based on LSI, three categories of leaf shape, i.e., oval, ovate and lanceolate, were defined as LIS$\leq$2.0, LSI 2.1~3.0 and 3.1$\leq$LSI, respectively. Percentage of oval, ovate and lanceolate leaf types among cultivating and wild soybean accessions were 78.7%, 17.0% and 4.3 %, and 40%, 15.4% and 4.4%, respectively. Based on leaf length, three categories for cultivating, i.e. short leaf ($\leq$11.0 cm), intermediate (11.1~13.0 cm), and long (13.1 cm$\leq$), and four categories, i.e. short ($\leq$5.0 cm), intermediate (5.1~7.0 cm), long (7.0~9.0 cm), and very long (9.1 cm$\leq$) for wild soybeans were defined. Short, intermediate and long leaf types were about 1/3, 1/2 and 1/6, respectively, in cultivating soybeans, and 15.4%, 40.7% and 39.5%, plus 4.4% of very long leaf type in wild soybean. Cultivating and wild soybeans had leaf thickness, leaf area ratio (LAR), angle and petiol length of 0.25$\pm$0.054 mm and 0.14$\pm$0.032 mm, 40.1$\pm$8.22 and 53.7$\pm$12.02, $37.6{\pm}5.89^{\circ}$ and $54.6{\pm}10.77^{\circ}$, and 23.9$\pm$5.89 cm and 5.9$\pm$2.33 cm, respectively. There were highly significant positive correlations between leaf length and leaf width, and negative correlation between LSI and leaf width both in cultivating and wild soybeans. Although leaf area showed significant correlations with leaf length, leaf width and LIS in cultivating soybeans, wild soybeans showed no significant relationships among these characters. In general, soybeans with oval, ovate and lanceolate leaves were significantly different in leaf width and thickness. Cultivating soybean with oval leaf had greater leaf area, while wild soybeans with oval or ovate leaf had longer petiol than with lanceolate leaf.