• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

Panax ginseng is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world. The international trade of ginseng is increasing yearly. The disguise of Chinese and American ginseng into Korean ginseng became a problem in recent years in abroad and Korea. An effective method to authenticate the Korean Panax ginseng from others at a DNA level is necessary for the healthy development of the ginseng market. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied to develop a method for the identification of Korean ginseng between Chinese ginseng and American ginseng. It is very difficult to detect the different polymorphic bands among Korean field cultivated ginseng, and between field and wild-cultivated ginseng. The genetic distance coefficient by AFLP analysis between field- and wild cultivated Korean ginseng was very low, 0.056. Whereas, polymorphic bands between Korean and Chinese wild-cultivated ginseng was significantly different. The genetic distance coefficient between wild-cultivated Korean and Chinese ginseng was 0.149. The genetic distance coefficients between the P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius were ranging from 0.626 to 0.666. These results support that the AFLP analysis could be applied to authenticate Korean P. ginseng from others Chinese P. ginseng and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2020

Ex-situ conservation of the ornamental and medicinal orchid, Coelogyne stricta, was performed by mass propagation using seed culture. Propagation stages were optimized using full- and half-strength solidified MS medium with different phytohormones. Maximum seed germination (88 ± 0.5% over 6 weeks of culture) was achieved on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 15% coconut water. Maximum shoot numbers were found on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BAP, 2 mg/L Kinetin, and 10% coconut water, while the longest root was developed on full-strength MS medium with 1.5 mg/L IBA. A 2:1:1 combination of coco-peat, pine bark, and sphagnum moss was found to be a suitable potting mixture resulting in 80% seedling survivability. The cytotoxic activity of extracts of both wild plants and in vitro-developed protocorms was determined using an MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on a cervical cancer cell line. The wild plant extract inhibited the growth of 41.99% of cells, showing that this extract has moderate cytotoxic activity toward cervical cancer cells.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.502-508
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• 1999

Chitin is an important structural component of fungal cell wall and is synthesized by chitin synthase I, II, and III. The chitin synthase II is an essential enzyme for the formation of primary septum in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, specific inhibitors of this enzyme might block the formation of fungal cell wall and could be used as effective antifungal agents. To search chitin synthase IIinhibitors from natural products, 67 plants were extracted with methanol and examined for the inhibitory activities against chitin synthase II of S. cerevisiae by our cell free assay system. As a result, the extracts from 16 plants showed more than 70% inhibition at the concentration of $280{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$. Of note, Laurus nobilis (81.4%), Lonicera maackii (81.5%), Berchemia berchemiaefolia (82.9%), Koelreuteria paniculata (87.9%), Chamaecyparis pisifera (86%) and Taxus cuspidata (83.9%) inhibited strogly the chitin synthase IIactivity.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.100-104
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• 2007

A protocol for the production of transgenic Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer was established via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of direct somatic embryos. A number of conditions related to the co-cultivation were tested with respect to maximizing transformation efficiency. The results showed that pH of the co-cultivation medium (5.7), the bacterial growth phase (optical density; $OD_{600}$ = 0.8), co-cultivation period (3 days), and acetosyringone concentration $(100\;{\mu}M)$ had positive effects on transformation. Selected plantlets were cultured on the medium at an elevated hygromycin level(30 mg/l). Integration of the transgenes into the P. ginseng nuclear genome was confirmed by PCR analysis using hpt primers and by Southern hybridization using hpt-specific probe. The transgenic plantlets were obtained after 3-month cultivation and did not show any detectable variation in morphology or growth characteristics compared to wild-type plants.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 1996

서철재래종, 내장산 수집종, 대둔산 수집종, 거제도 수집종, 진부재래종 및 일본 도입종 등 계통의 용담을 대상으로 RAPD 분석을 통한 유사도 분석을 수행한 결과 적용한 20가지의 10-merprimer 중 8가지에서 54개의 증폭된 DNA 절편을 얻었다. 그 중 53.7%에 해당하는 29개의 band가 다형현상을 보였으며, 9.3%에 해당하는 5개의 band는 모든 계통에서 공통적으로 나타났고, 37%인 20개의 band가 특이성을 보였다. 특이성을 보이는 band들은 내장산 수집종에서 2개, 거제도 수집종에서 1개, 진부재래종에서 11개, 일본 도입종에서 6개가 관찰되었다. 유전적 유사도의 분석결과 서천재래종, 내장산 수집종, 대둔산 수집종 및 거제도 수집종이 0.76-0.87의 유사도를 보여 한 집단으로 구분되었으며, 이 집단과 진부재래종 및 일본 도입종 사이의 유사도는 0.23-0.34로 각 각 다른 집단으로 구별되었다. 또한 진부재래 종과 일본 도입 종 사이의 유사도는 0.41로 나타나 서로 구분되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2022

Wild garlic (Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum, AVVP) is a nontimber forest product used as an edible and medicinal vegetable. AVVP is usually propagated form offspring bulbs but it takes a long time to harvest. Using tissue culture technology could overcome this problem. This study investigated the optimal conditions for shoot multiplication, root growth, and plant growth by scooping AVVP bulbs. AVVP bulbs harvested from Ulleung Island, Korea, the main producer of AVVP, were surface-sterilized and used for in vitro propagation. Shoot multiplication was performed by the scooping method. More than five multiple shoots were induced from scooped tissue in Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL) medium containing plant growth regulators (PGRs); the maximum number of multiple shoots were induced from scooped tissue in QL medium containing 0.45 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) after 16 weeks of culture. Roots were induced directly at the base of the shoots in all treatments. In vitro rooting depended on the type of PGRs, and the best root-inducing treatment was QL medium containing 9.84 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Plants with in vitro roots were transferred to pots containing artificial soil and successfully acclimatized for 4 weeks. The acclimatized plants showed a survival rate of 80% after 20 weeks and gradually promoted growth depending on the acclimatization period. The results of this study will be of great help to AVVP dissemination through sustainable mass propagation.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2010

We investigated genetic diversity among and within the populations of cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer ) using SRAP profiles. A total of 24 ginseng plants were sampled from the three populations (two from China, one from Korea). Since all these populations are previously shown closely related to each other assister groups, we used Panax quinquefolium L. and wild ginseng as a reference species, which is not "within the sister group". All individuals from the three populations were screened with a total of 36 primer pairs with 26 primers generated from 328 SRAP bands of DNA gels. The mean gene diversity ($H_E$) was estimated to be 0.057 within populations (range 0.032-0.067), and 0.086 at the species level. The genetic differentiation (Gst=0.31) indicates that genetic variation apportioned 30% among populations and 70% within populations. Generally, the result of this study indicates that ginseng contains high molecular variation in its populations.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2006

The content of four phonolic acids 1-4, and two flavonol aglycones 14 and 15 from Orostachysjaponicus A. Berger grown under night-break and day-length controlled experiments was estimated and compared with those in wild plants. The amount of the phenolic acids 1-4 and the flavonol aglycones 14 and 15 increased with increasing light irradiation under both the night-break and day-length control conditions. It was disclosed that the cultivation conditions such as the night-break and the day-length control were not adversely affect the production of phenolic acids and flavonols in Orostachys japonicus A. Berger extracts.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.63-82
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• 1993

In the middle areas of South Korea, we collected 308 wild herbaceous species for studying the possibility of landscaping and, growing them at West in Yongin country of Kyunggi province. We observed their vegetative and flowering characteristic. And the result is as follow: 1. 76 species(24.7%) such as Hosta capitata, etc. of them are thought useful for flower-bedding or landscaping for park and ground-covering, while 94 species(30.6%) are regarded useful for ground-covering, potting and indoor-planting. They are Nepatica maxima and Thaliticum minus var. hypoleucum, etc. 46 species(15%) seems to be useful for flower-bedding, ground-covering and potting. 2. 264(85.7%) of all the observed species are for the enjoyment of their flowers, while 36 species(11.4%) for the enjoyment of their leaves, and 9 species(2.9%) for their fruit. They are Viburnum dilatatum, etc. 3. As for the relation of their habits to light conditions, 148 species(48%) grow int he full sun of more than 50,000Lux, 138 species(44.8%) usually in in the half shade of 20,000 to 30,000Lux, 15 species(4.9%) in the shade of some 10,000Lux, and 7 speciese grow either in the full sun or in the shde. 4. some species such as Wasabia koreansa, Allium succuliferum, Asterglehni, Ligulariafisheri, Ligularia stenocephala Epimedium koreanum are considered available as edible plants as well as ornamentals plants, and Houttuynia cordata. Saururus chinensis, Epimedium koreanum need to be further developed not only as ornamental plants but also medicinal plants.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2016

Background: Wild ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer, is an endangered species of medicinal plants. In the present study, we analyzed variations within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cluster to gain insight into the genetic diversity of the Oriental ginseng, P. ginseng, at artificial plant cultivation. Methods: The roots of wild P. ginseng plants were sampled from a nonprotected natural population of the Russian Far East. The slides were prepared from leaf tissues using the squash technique for cytogenetic analysis. The 18S rDNA sequences were cloned and sequenced. The distribution of nucleotide diversity, recombination events, and interspecific phylogenies for the total 18S rDNA sequence data set was also examined. Results: In mesophyll cells, mononucleolar nuclei were estimated to be dominant (75.7%), while the remaining nuclei contained two to four nucleoli. Among the analyzed 18S rDNA clones, 20% were identical to the 18S rDNA sequence of P. ginseng from Japan, and other clones differed in one to six substitutions. The nucleotide polymorphism was more expressed at the positions 440-640 bp, and distributed in variable regions, expansion segments, and conservative elements of core structure. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed conspecificity of ginseng plants cultivated in different regions, with two fixed mutations between P. ginseng and other species. Conclusion: This study identified the evidences of the intragenomic nucleotide polymorphism in the 18S rDNA sequences of P. ginseng. These data suggest that, in cultivated plants, the observed genome instability may influence the synthesis of biologically active compounds, which are widely used in traditional medicine.