• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2005

시험물질 산삼배양추출물의 유전독성 평가를 위해 수컷 ICR 마우스 골수세포를 이용한 소핵시험을 실시하였다. 1 회 투여 최고량은 예비 시험에서 결정하였다. 약 7주령의 수컷 마우스에 시험물질 0, 500, 1,000 및 2,000 mg/kg의 용량을 1일 1회 2일간 복강내 투여하고, 최종 투여로부터 약 24시간 후에 골수세포를 수거하여 소핵 유발과 세포독성을 평가하였다. 개체당 2,000개의 다염성적혈구(michromatic erythrocyte, PCE)중에 나타나는 소핵을 가진 다염성적혈구(micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte, MNPCE)의 수를 계수한 결과, 모든 시험물질 투여군은 음성 대조군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의한 증가는 나타나지 않았으며 일반 증상에서도 모든 시험군은 투여로 인한 것으로 판단되는 증상은 관찰되지 않았다. 부검시 체중에 있어서는 시험물질 최고 용량군에서 유의한 감소가 관찰되었다. 따라서 산삼배양추출물은 위 시험 조건에서, 본 시험에 사용한 마우스 골수세포에 소핵을 유발하지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2004

산삼배양추출물의 세균에서의 돌연변이 유발성 검색을 위하여 Salmonella typhimurium의 히스티딘 요구성 균주 LA100, TA1535, TA98 및 TA1537의 4개의 균주와 대장균 Escherichia coli의 트립토판 요구성 균주인 WP2 uvrA를 이용해 복귀돌연변이 시험을 실시하였다 시험물질은 멸균생리식염수에 용해하여 처리하였다. 대사활성계 적용 및 미적용시 모든 균주에 대해 0, 62, 185, 556, 1,667 및 5,000{\mu}g/plate의 범위를 설정하고 각각 음성 및 양성대 조군으로 시험군을 구성해 본 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 결과 모든 균주에서 최고농도에 이르기까지 집락수의 일관성 있는 증가는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 시험물질 산삼배양추출물은 본 시험조건 하에 사용한 시험균주들의 복귀돌연변이를 유발하지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2005

To investigate the mutant induction of wild ginseng culture extract, we performed chromosomal aberration assay with chinese hamster lung cell in vitro. The test concentration of the extract was decided for the standard with the 50% suppression of cell propagation in the cell. The concentrations for the chromosome test were 1,250, 2,500 and 5,000 ㎍/ml with metabolic activation (+S, 6 hours treatment), 1,100, 2,200 and 4,400 ㎍/ml without metabolic activation (-S, 6 hours treatment) 800, 1,600 and 3,200 ㎍/ml without metabolic activation (-S, 24 hours treatment). No significant increase in chromosome aberrations was observed at any of these concentrations both in the absence and presence of metabolic activation system. Cyclophosphamide monohydrate (CPA) and ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) caused a significant increase in chromosome aberration. These results may be concluded that wild ginseng culture extract is not capable of inducing chromosome aberration in cultured chinese hamster lung cell regardless of metabolic activation and genotoxicity of that is negative under the present experimental condition.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2018

The usage of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been limited due to short supply and high price. Therefore, sufficient production as well as efficient extraction of mountain ginseng are required for the development as products. In this study, wild ginseng adventitious root cultures were prepared for efficient production with advantages of fast growth and stable production. Treatment of methyl jasmonate (MJ) to wild ginseng adventitious root cultures increased the extraction yield and antioxidative activity. Further investigation on effect of extraction conditions suggested the importance of ethanol concentration on antioxidative activity and extraction yield of MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root cultures. Optimized extraction condition of MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root cultures for maximum extraction yield and antioxidative activity was determined using response surface methodology with three-level-three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). Extraction of 1 g MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root culture with 30 ml of 9% ethanol at $30^{\circ}C$ produced 310.2 mg extract with 71.0% antioxidative activity at $100{\mu}g/ml$. Taken together, MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root culture is valuable source for wild ginseng usage and optimized extraction condition can be used for the development of functional products or folk remedies.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.611-616
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• 2003

Korean ginseng(Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer) known as a oriental miracle drug is an important medicinal plant. Ginseng has been used for geriatric, tonic, stomachic, and aphrodisiac treatments for thousands years. Also, it is an antibiotic and has therapeutic properties against stress and cancer. Ginseng is widely distributed all over the world. Among them, Korean mountain ginseng has the most valuable effect on pharmaceuticals. The roots of mountain ginseng contained several kinds of ginsenosides that have many active functions for the human body. However, the study of mountain ginseng has a limit because the mountain ginseng is very expensive and rare. So, we artificially cultured mountain ginseng adventitious roots using the bioreactor culture system. We induced callus from original mountain ginseng, directly dug up in mountain and aged about one hundred ten years. Separated adventitious roots were precultured in 500ml conical flasks and then, transferred in 20L bioreactors. The adventitious roots of mountain ginseng were harvested after culturing for 40days, dried and then, extracted with several solvents. In this study, we investigated the whitening effect, anti-wrinkle effect and the safety of tissue cultured adventitious roots extract of mountain ginseng in order to identify the merit as a cosmetic ingredient. Particularly, extract of mountain ginseng adventitious roots showed whitening and anti-wrinkle effects. The inhibitory effect of this extract on the melanogenesis was examined using B-16 melanoma cell. When B-16 melanoma cells were cultured with adventitious root extract, there was a dramatically decrease in melanin contents of 8-16 melanoma cell. And we identified this extract inhibited Dopa auto-oxidation significantly. Also, when transformed mouse fibroblast L929 cells were treated with this extract, there was a significant increase in collagen synthesis. The results show significant inhibited melanization and wrinkle without inhibiting cell viability.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the cell growth inhibitory effect of tissue cultured root of wild Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer (tcwPG). The human stomach carcinoma cell line, MKN 74, was incubated with 70% EtOH extract of tcwPG or Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer (PG) for 24 hrs. tcwPG inhibited cell growth at a concentration of $250{\mu}g/ml$. However, Panax ginseng extract did not inhibit cell growth at the same concentration. We also tested the ethyl acetate and $H_2O$ fractions of tcwPG. The inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate fraction on cell proliferation in MKN 74 cells was more potent than that of the crude extract, and the inhibitory effect of the $H_2O$ fraction was less than that of the ethyl acetate fraction. When we separated tcwPG into polar and non-polar saponin fractions and then measured cell growth inhibition, the non-polar saponin in tcwPG exhibited cytotoxicity. To compare the effects of tcwPG on various cancer cell lines, we measured cytotoxicity in MKN 74 (stomach cancer cell line), SW 620 (colon cancer cell line) and PC 3 (prostate cancer cell line). All three cell lines showed cell growth inhibition, and the cell growth inhibitory effects were not quite different in the various cell lines. The non-polar saponins of tcwPG arrested PC 3 cells at G1-phase as did Panax ginseng.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1559-1566
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• 2020

Compound K (C-K) is one of the most pharmaceutically effective ginsenosides, but it is absent in natural ginseng. However, C-K can be obtained through the hydrolysis of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides (PPDGs) in natural ginseng. The aim of this study was to obtain the high concentration of food-available C-K using PPDGs in Korean ginseng extract by an extracellular enzyme from Aspergillus niger KACC 46495. A. niger was cultivated in the culture medium containing the inducer carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for 6 days. The extracellular enzyme extracted from A. niger was prepared from the culture broth by filtration, ammonium sulfate, and dialysis. The extracellular enzyme was used for C-K production using PPDGs. The glycoside-hydrolyzing pathways for converting PPDGs into C-K by the extracellular enzyme were Rb1 → Rd → F2 → C-K, Rb2 → Rd or compound O → F2 or compound Y → C-K, and Rc → Rd or compound Mc1 → F2 or compound Mc → C-K. The extracellular enzyme from A. niger at 8.0 mg/ml, which was obtained by the induction of CMC during the cultivation, converted 6.0 mg/ml (5.6 mM) PPDGs in Korean ginseng extract into 2.8 mg/ml (4.5 mM) food-available C-K in 9 h, with a productivity of 313 mg/l/h and a molar conversion of 80%. To the best of our knowledge, the productivity and concentration of C-K of the extracellular enzyme are the highest among those by crude enzymes from wild-type microorganisms.