• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary therapy with Korean herbal medicine and cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture on change of body composition retrospectively. We analyzed the medical records of 26 patients, who carried out dietary therapy with Korean herbal medicine and cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at Moemfit Clinic, Charmjin Oriental Medicine for 8-12 weeks. And exercise and nutrition were recommended self-developed food, Moemfit Shake, Moemfit Hankki and walking exercise for one hour a day. The body composition values (body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area, percent body fat) decreased after dietary therapy with Korean herbal medicine and cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture significantly. But, percent skeletal muscle increased significantly. Results from this investigation showed that dietary therapy Korean with herbal medicine and cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture has positive effects on changes of body compositions.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.145-147
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• 1993

The amounts of ginseng acidic polysaccharide (GAP) in red ginseng (Panax ginseng) were higher than those of wild and cultured Panax quinquefolius, Panax notoginseng as well as white ginseng (Panax ginseng). In white ginseng, there is no difference in the GAP amount among root ages or sizes. Also, the GAP amount of red ginseng body was similar to that of ginseng rhizome, but was higher than that of leaf and epidermis.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.269-284
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• 2019

This study was to investigate whether cultivated ginseng (CG), cultivated wild simulated ginseng (CWG) and cultivated red ginseng (CRG) extracts influences on the obesity. The saponin contents of 3 kinds of ginsengs were analysed by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. Total saponin contents were determined in CG on the most contents and since red ginseng has the highest PD (protopanaxadiol type) / PT (protopanaxatriol type) ratio, there may be differences between ginseng, wild ginseng, and red ginseng with respect to their pharmacological effects. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet(N), HFD (60% Kcal fat, C), HFD with CG, CWG and CRG extracts (800 mg/kg) for 5 weeks. We observed change of total body weight, degree of hepatic lipid accumulation and immunohistochemical change of GLP-1 and insulin-secreting cells. Also this study attempts to use the physiological analysis method to analyze the changes of blood lipids, insulin and leptin concentration. The change of body weight and size of accumulated lipid droplets in liver lobules decreased in all of the experimental groups than the control(C) group. In the pancreas, the immunohistochemical density of insulin-secreting cells were significantly stronger in the CWG and CRG than C group. The levels of serum insulin and leptin significantly decreased 55.6%, 54.3% respectively in CWG and CRG. The changes of triglyceride, total cholesterol in serum decreased in CRG than the C group. Obesity related CG, CWG and CRG extracts might have contribute to improvement of obesity by regulating the levels of blood lipids and biochemical indicator of fat accumulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.6
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• pp.757-763
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• 2009

ISSR PCR technique was applied to investigate genetic relationship among 5 Mountain cultivated ginseng populations (Jinan, Hongcheon, Punggi, Andong and Yeongju) and cDNA libraries of wild ginseng roots were constructed and analyzed functional genes related to morphogenesis via EST. Twenty four ISSR markers tested produced 127 polymorphic loci from 5 regional Mountain cultivated ginseng. Among the regional samples, Yeongju was made 18 polymorphic loci that were the highest level of variations among the cultivated regions. The range of similarity coefficient was 0.46~0.58 and the regional samples of Punggi and Hongcheon, Jinan and Andong were classified to similar groups respectively, whereas Yeongju was shown to be separate group with high level of genetic variation in UPGMA cluster analysis. As a result, there was no relationship according to geographical distance and genetic similarity. Eleven cDNA clones were consisted of 9 known genes and 2 unknown genes analyzed by BLAST program of NCBI. To recognize expression pattern of Homeodomain transcription factor related genes, Northern Blot analysis was performed for wild ginseng's leaf and root. As a result, the gene was only expressed by Mountain wild ginseng root.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.62-65
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• 2003

Mineral that is included to wild ginseng rhizomes that is assumed that is born at X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis result 20 appears as is different according to each part by whewellite. Whewellite is accumulated much on rhizomes in wild ginseng, but do not exist hardly from mail body of root. The 6 years that in rhizomes of ginseng yet whewellite decision unobserved. This is considered by thing associated with ingredient of growth period of mineral and soil of plantation. For from, may present possibility of years distinction if analyze ginseng, wild ginseng etc. variously. Whewellite's chemical formula seems to be decision that combine with carbon(C) of air by photosynthesis function that Ca because is CaC$_2$O$_4$(H$_2$O) in rises by rhizomes through radices and is formed.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.170-180
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• 2018

Background: To obtain useful cosmetic resources, this study aimed to determine the non-saponin fatty acid and inhibitory activities of collagenase and elastase by treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in supercritical fluid extracted oil of the adventitious root culture of wild mountain ginseng. Methods and Results: We performed supercritical fluid extraction at various conditions such as pressure, temperature, time, and use of co-solvents, unlike the n-hexane extraction for the adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng. The non-saponin-fatty acid obtained from the oil of the adventitious roots culture was incresed by treatment with S. cerevisiae. The supercritical fluid extraction was conducted using gas chromatography. Non-saponin-fatty acid content, in the oil of adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng treated with S. cerevisiae for 2 days were three times higher than that in the control. In addition, the oil of the adventitious roots culture treated with S. cerevisiae was investigated for the anti-wrinkle effect by using collagenase and elastase. The oil of adventitious roots culture treated with S. cerevisiae exhibited higher collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities than those in the control. Conclusions: Supercritical fluid extracted oil of the adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng treated with S. cerevisiae was found to have decreased ratio of saturated fatty acids and incresed ratio and content of unsaturated fatty acids increased. Furthermore, it showed anti-wrinkle effects in vitro.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2009

Mountain cultivated wild ginseng(MCWG) pharmacopuncture, which is known to have anti-cancer and anti-oxidation actions, was administered for clinical usage and changes in manifestations were observed on three patients suffering from pain attributed from liver dysfunctions. In two cases of hepatitis due to poisoning by drugs and one case of liver cirrhosis, long-term administration of MCWG pharmacopuncture yielded significant changes in AST and ALT, which are important indices for liver functions. Improved liver functions after the administration of MCWG pharmacopuncture suggest a need for investigation on future usage of MCWG pharmacopuncture on liver dysfunctions, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or liver cancer. Further studies on treating aforementioned disorders by MCWG pharmacopuncture are needed immediately.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.99-106
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• 2009

Objectives : The antidepressant effect of the subchronic administration of the methanolic extract of wild ginseng(WG) was investigated compared with that of cultivated ginseng(CG, panax ginseng) extract. Methods : To assess the antidepressant effect of the ginseng extracts, tail suspension test(TST) was executed in mice after daily administration of WG or CG extract for five consecutive days. Results : The WG extract at daily dose of 600mg/kg significantly reduced the total duration of immobility in the TST, whereas there was no significant reduction at daily dose of 300mg/kg WG and 600mg/kg CG. There were no individual differences between experimental groups in open field test (OFT) to evaluate psychostimulant effects of WG or CG extract. In the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis of the extracts, it was found that WG included four times more ginsenoside Rg1 and Re, three times more Rf, and six times more Rb1 and Rc than CG. Conclusions : It is suggested that WG extract has stronger antidepressant effect than CG extract, which means it includes more antidepressant compounds than CG.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2014

An efficient in vitro protocol has been established for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet conversion of Korean wild ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer). Wild-type and mutant adventitious roots derived from the ginseng produced calluses on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.3 mg/L kinetin; 53.3% of the explants formed callus. Embryogenic callus proliferation and somatic embryo induction occurred on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The induced somatic embryos further developed to maturity on MS medium with 5 mg/L gibberellic acid, and 85% of them germinated. The germinated embryos were developed to shoots and elongated on MS medium with 5 mg/L gibberellic acid. The shoots developed into plants with well-developed taproots on one-third strength Schenk and Hildebrandt basal medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. When the plants were transferred to soil, about 30% of the regenerated plants developed into normal plants.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.169-172
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to discuss ginseng properties by historical research. Methods : Historical documentary records of ginseng were used to develop this review. Results : According to the historical research, the first Korean ginseng cultivation started from the Koryo Dynasty around A.D. 1000. Later, during the Chosun Dynasty around A.D. 1500$\sim$1600, the ginseng cultivators established a method of cultivation. Gasam (cultivated ginseng) was cultivated ginseng on the skirts of their domicile. It was reported that Gasam cultivation was broadened throughout the country around A.D. 1790 on Cheongjosilrok. On the other hand, ginseng properties were reported slightly cool in the oriental herbal medicine books from A.D. 250 to A.D. 1600. But, they were reported slightly warm or warm after A.D. 1600. Korean ginseng cultivation started in the Koryo Dynasty around A.D. 1000. Later, during the Chosun Dynasty, the ginseng cultivators established a standard method of cultivation. Gasam, cultivated ginseng, was grown on the outskirts of their domicile. It was reported that Gasam cultivation was broadened throughout the country around 1790 A.D. in Cheongjosilrok. On the other hand, ginseng properties were reported slightly cool in the oriental herbal medicine books from 250 to A.D. 1600, but they were reported slightly warm or warm after A.D. 1600. Conclusions : It suggests that ginseng properties (slightly cool) before A.D. 1600 are wild ginseng. Also, wood-grown ginseng and ginseng properties (slightly warm, warm) after A.D. 1600 are Gasams.