• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.220-227
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of tooth preparation abilities of students according to three self-assessment methods. Materials and Methods: forty-eight sophomores in Kyungpook National University College of Dentistry were divided into three experimental groups. Students performed tooth preparation of the left mandibular first molar for full gold crown. They performed self-assessment using the three methods (visual, digital, and putty index self-assessment group), and reperformed tooth preparation. An intraoral scanner was used to scan each tooth model (prepared tooth and unprepared tooth), and data were acquired in standard tessellation language (STL) file format. The STL files of prepared tooth and unprepared tooth were superimposed using the 3-dimensional analysis software (Geomagic control X). And the reduction amount was measured. In the statistical analysis, all values of reduction amount were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). Results: The three self-assessment methods showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). The putty index self-assessment group showed the highest reduction in error than the digital self-assessment method. Conclusion: Within limitations of this study, students showed significant differences in improvement of tooth preparation ability according to the three self-evaluation methods.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.1122-1128
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• 2018

Purpose: To compare the measurements of the rebound tonometer (RT), Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and noncontact tonometer (NCT) in patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), and to evaluate the reproducibility of the RT measurements. Methods: This study included 19 PKP eyes and 28 normal eyes. We compared the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements of the GAT and NCT with the RT in both groups using Spearman's correlation analysis and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The IOP, as measured with an RT in each group, was assessed with respect to reproducibility using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: In normal eyes, there was no significant difference in the measurements obtained with the RT, GAT, and NCT (p > 0.050). In the patient group, the RT measurements were not significantly different from those of the GAT (p = 0.872), but they were significantly lower than those obtained with the NCT (p = 0.011). However, the RT measurements showed a relatively high correlation with those of the GAT and NCT (r = 0.770 and 0.879, respectively). The ICC of the RT was 0.986 for the PKP eye group and 0.961 for the normal eye group, both of which were highly reproducible. Conclusions: In PKP eyes, the measurements obtained with the RT showed a relatively high correlation with those of the GAT and NCT, and the repeatability of the RT measurements was high and similar to those for normal eyes. The RT can therefore be considered a useful method for measuring the IOP in PKP eyes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2019

The study analyzes Non SEMAC and SEMAC to reduce susceptibility artifacts that may occur when performing magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of metal patients. The Foot and Ankle Phantom was used as the experimental tool and the 3.8 cm general screw was used to make the magnetic susceptibility artifact. The experimental equipment was used 3.0T Magnetom Skyra and the area was measured with the 17th image where the signal off is the most noticeable in the obtained image. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS(Ver.25) program and the significance was assessed by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. As a result, the area of Non SEMAC which is the lowest signal was $289.53{\pm}23.07197mm$. When the Turbo Factor was changed to 3, 4, and 5 after SEMAC use, it decreased to $125.02{\pm}7.45875mm$, $120.96{\pm}12.01704mm$ and $108.79{\pm}16.53498mm$, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Using SEMAC with Turbo Factor effectively reduces the susceptibility artifacts.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.199-206
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• 2019

This study aims to identify whether the action-observation training impacts on the improvement of stroke patient's cognitive functioning. When it comes to the research methods, Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) and Literacy Independent Cognitive Assessment (LICA) conducted to assess samples between 23 April and 18 May 2018. Samples are seven patients who are hospitalized in Kyung-In region. In the meantime, seven tasks such as the range of joint motion (ROM) dance, arrangement of pullover clothes, lacing-ups of a pair, folding up a facecloth and socks, the origami and tying a necktie implemented as the action-observation programme. In order to analyse collected data, descriptive statistics analysis, paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were carried out via SPSS version 20 (a statistics programme). The change in value from MMSE-K showed its statistical significant as 3.29 (±1.38, p<.001) as well as value from LICA in recollective powers was 12.16 (±6.73), therefore, the statistic is said to be statistically significant. In conclusion, action-observation training most influenced recollective powers amongst stroke patient's cognitive functioning areas. Even though development of cognitive functioning discovered in other areas, its values were possibly statistically insignificant. Hence, future research ought to demonstrate which areas action-observation training is effective according to brain lesion site.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2023

Purpose PET-CT imaging require an appropriate quality assurance system to achieve high efficiency and reliability. Quality control is essential for improving the quality of care and patient safety. Currently, there are performance evaluation methods of UN2-1994 and UN2-2001 proposed by NEMA and IEC for PET-CT image evaluation. In this study, we compare phantom images with the same experiments before and after PET-CT 3D normalization and well counter correction and evaluate the usefulness of quality control. Materials and methods Discovery 690 (General Electric Healthcare, USA) PET-CT equiptment was used to perform 3D normalization and well counter correction as recommended by GE Healthcare. Based on the recovery coefficients for the six spheres of the NEMA IEC Body Phantom recommended by the EARL. 20kBq/㎖ of ¹⁸F was injected into the sphere of the phantom and 2kBq/㎖ of ¹⁸F was injected into the body of phantom. PET-CT scan was performed with a radioacitivity ratio of 10:1. Images were reconstructed by appliying TOF+PSF+TOF, OSEM+PSF, OSEM and Gaussian filter 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6,5 mm with matrix size 128×128, slice thickness 3.75 mm, iteration 2, subset 16 conditions. The PET image was attenuation corrected using the CT images and analyzed using software program AW 4.7 (General Electric Healthcare, USA). The ROI was set to fit 6 spheres in the CT image, RC (Recovery Coefficient) was measured after fusion of PET and CT. Statistical analysis was performed wilcoxon signed rank test using R. Results Overall, after the quality control items were performed, the recovery coefficient of the phantom image increased and measured. Recovery coefficient according to the image reconstruction increased in the order TOF+PSF, TOF, OSEM+PSF, before and after quality control, RCmax increased by OSEM 0.13, OSEM+PSF 0.16, TOF 0.16, TOF+PSF 0.15 and RCmean increased by OSEM 0.09, OSEM+PSF 0.09, TOF 0.106, TOF+PSF 0.10. Both groups showed a statistically significant difference in Wilcoxon signed rank test results (P value<0.001). Conclusion PET-CT system require quality assurance to achieve high efficiency and reliability. Standardized intervals and procedures should be followed for quality control. We hope that this study will be a good opportunity to think about the importance of quality control in PET-CT

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.551-562
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Data Science Education classes using PBL-based App Inventor on elementary student Computational Thinking and Creativity. Based on the results of the pre-requisite analysis by Rossett's demand analysis model, PBL-based Data Science Education class was designed according to the procedure of ADDIE model which is 42 hours of classroom instruction for elementary student. As a result of the Paired t-test, it was proved that the Computational Thinking was statistically significantly improved in the post-test. In addition, as a result of the Paired t-test and Wilcoxon's signed rank test, it was found that the sub-factors of Creativity were 'Originality', 'Fluency', 'Closure', 'Average', and 'Index'. Therefore, it was confirmed that the PBL-based Data Science Education class using App Inventor is effective in improving Computational Thinking and Creativity of elementary student.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.181-200
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop Marital Counseling Program for marital conflict solution and to verify the effects of the developed program both quantitatively and qualitatively. This marital counseling program consisted of conjoint marital counseling(5 session) and group marital counseling(6 sessions). Each 13 couples of the experiment group and the control group were analysed. The effectiveness of this program was evaluated by pretest, post test, and follow-up after 3 months. It was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed-Rank Test. Also, as for the experiment group, the level of objective change perception, qualitative evaluation, and program evaluation were investigated. The major results were as follows: This marital counseling program for conflict solution was effective to decrease the level of marital conflict and explosive conflict coping and to increase the level of emotional interaction, communication skill, marital satisfaction, and self-esteem among experiment group. These positive effects maintained at follow-up. Additionally, participants(experiment group) reported positive changes of psycho-emotional state, spouse interaction behavior, marital communication and marital relationships. However, in the control group, there were no change according to the time. Future research and practical implications were added.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a nursing intervention using sensory stimulation in dysphagic patients. Quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. 15 patients of each group were assigned for this study, who were hospitalized in the oriental medicine hospital of K. University. Specific stimulation plans were devised based on a dysfunctional area of the subjects. For each modality, subjects were systematically stimulated for 30 minutes, in the experimental group prior to each meal and 3 times per day for a week. The data were analyzed by SPSS PC program using $X^2$-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and Mann-Whitney U test. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The tongue control score of the experimental group is greater than that of the control group(u=52.0, p=.007). 2. The score of chewing ability, lip control, swallowing ability of the experimental group is greater than that of the control group. But no difference is statistically seen between the experimental group and control group. Therefore, this study shows that sensory stimulation using icing, quick stretch, etc., was effective in improving or oropharyngeal function in patients with dysphagia.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.282-288
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to verify the effects of a smoking cessation program for adolescents. Method: This study was designed to use one group with one pre-test and two post-tests. One post-test was done immediately after the completion of the program and the other after eight weeks. The subjects were 21 male high school students who were smokers when this study was carried out. The smoking cessation program consisted of 5 sessions with smoking cessation education and e-mail service after the program. Variables in this research were nicotine dependency (using Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire) and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Immediately after the program and eight weeks later, nicotine dependency for continuous smokers decreased significantly (after the program: Z=-2.319, p=.020, eight weeks later: Z=-1.999. p=.046) and self-efficacy increased significantly (after program: Z=-3.024. p=.002. eight weeks later: Z=-2.381. p=.017). Conclusions: The smoking cessation program was effective in decreasing nicotine dependency in the continuous adolescent smokers and in increasing their self-efficacy, Further study needs to be made with a lager number of smoking adolescents using control group design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.313-322
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive rehabilitation training on the cognitive decline of dementia patients. Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of brain activation according to bio-feedback training in dementia. Methods : Ten dementia patients were recruited this study. Experiment was performed for 30min per session, five times a week through 4 week and two measurements before and after bio-feedback training. Brain activity was measured by Korea Electroencephalogram(EEG) system. Statistical analysis was used Wilcoxon signed rank test to know difference of EEG between pre and post-test in each group and Mann-Whitney U test was to know difference between experimental and control group. Results : Significant improvement of slow-alpha wave was observed following bio-feedback in experiment group. There was no significant change in experiment and control group. Conclusion : In this study, the bio-feedback training was effective in improving slow-alpha wave in dementia patients. It is suggested that bio-feedback training with dementia patients can be useful to ameliorate the cognitive decline. And it will be effective for prevention of cognitive function decline.