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Examination of funeral service concept and role of Service-Dominant Logic (서비스중심논리의 장례서비스 개념과 역할 고찰)

  • Lee, Pil-do;Lee, Jeungsun
    • Journal of Service Research and Studies
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.43-53
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    • 2020
  • A service involves a human interaction between a consumer (customer) and a provider (service worker). In particular, services in today's intangible economy are understood as creative activities that exercise human capital as related goods. Since most service activities are human activities, not objects, they depend on direct interaction between users and service workers, and funeral services are understood as human activities provided by service providers to service targets (deceased, families, condolences). In other words, the funeral service is a service for the deceased, survivors, and condolences in a special situation of death, and can be viewed as a human activity that is exerted by the integration of the interactions between service workers, survivors, and condolences. Functions of funeral services expand for convenience of consumers through the smooth provision of funeral supplies and a variety of complex interpersonal services so that the deceased can perform solemn funeral ceremonies. In this study, the concept and role of funeral services were studied in order to find the direction of funeral services centering for next of kin(families) and condolences, who are the subjects of services from a service-oriented logic perspective. In order to derive meaningful results of people-centered funeral services, funeral services and funeral supplies are classified from the perspective of dynamic resources, guarantees consumers a wide range of funeral choice, and customer dissatisfaction and improvement requests are handled transparently. It suggested a possible plan. Now, in order to improve the quality of life, it is necessary to make efforts to improve the quality of funeral services that improve the quality of death.

Comparison of the Methods to Analyze Freshwater Sediments (담수 퇴적물의 분석법간 비교 분석)

  • Yoon, Byeng-Seok;Kim, Eun-Mi;Kim, Hak-Chul;Lee, Jae-Hee;Jung, Sang-Gi;Lee, Sang-Tae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.28 no.11
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    • pp.1207-1212
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    • 2006
  • In this study, Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) which is the measure of organic substances, Total nitrogen(T-N), Total phosphorous(T-P), Fe and Mn were analyzed in the sediments of dam reservoir. The purpose of this study were to understand the relevances among the analytical methods adopted and the applicabilities of those methods. For the determination of COD, Standard Method for the Examination of Marine Environment(SMEME) and Standard Method for the Examination of Sanitary(SMES) was used. Both method had wide dynamic range and the deviations of the values obtained by two methods were small because $KMnO_4$ method closely reflected BOD and organic substances. For the determination of T-N and T-P, Standard Method for the Examination of Food(SMEF) and Standard Method for the Examination of Sanitary(SMES) were used. Two methods for T-N were both the acid-base titration but SMES gave less T-N values than SMEF because of the differences in digestion and distillation steps. Two methods for T-P gave the comparable values after acid digestion of $HNO_3$ and $HClO_4$. The determination of heavy metals as a Fe, Mn was mainly divided to the leaching method and acid digestion method. The values obtained by leaching method were less than those by digestion method. It is thought that the condition of acid digestion was more severe than that of leaching method.

Device Virtualization Framework for Smart Home Cloud Service (스마트홈 클라우드 서비스를 위한 디바이스 가상화 프레임워크)

  • Kim, Kyungwon;Park, Jongbin;Kum, Seungwoo;Jung, Jongjin;Yang, Chang-Mo;Lim, Taebeom
    • Telecommunications review
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.677-691
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    • 2014
  • Connectivity is becoming more important keywords recently. For example, many devices are going to be connected to the internet. It is usually called as the IoT(internet of things). Many IoT devices can be evolved as a part of giant system of the world wide web. It is a great opportunity for us, because many new services can have emerged through this paradigm. In this paper, we propose a device virtualization framework for smart home service. The proposed framework connects the many home appliances devices and the internet using a dynamic protocol conversion. After our protocol conversion for device virtualization, our framework provides a RESTful API to access the resources of device through the internet. Therefore, the proposed framework can provide a variety of services, so it also can be developed into the ecosystem for smart home service. The current framework version only supports UPnP enabled devices of the home, but it can easily be extended to many other home middleware solutions. To verify the feasibility of the framework, we have implemented several service scenarios.

Reliable multi-hop communication for structural health monitoring

  • Nagayama, Tomonori;Moinzadeh, Parya;Mechitov, Kirill;Ushita, Mitsushi;Makihata, Noritoshi;Ieiri, Masataka;Agha, Gul;Spencer, Billie F. Jr.;Fujino, Yozo;Seo, Ju-Won
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.6 no.5_6
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    • pp.481-504
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    • 2010
  • Wireless smart sensor networks (WSSNs) have been proposed by a number of researchers to evaluate the current condition of civil infrastructure, offering improved understanding of dynamic response through dense instrumentation. As focus moves from laboratory testing to full-scale implementation, the need for multi-hop communication to address issues associated with the large size of civil infrastructure and their limited radio power has become apparent. Multi-hop communication protocols allow sensors to cooperate to reliably deliver data between nodes outside of direct communication range. However, application specific requirements, such as high sampling rates, vast amounts of data to be collected, precise internodal synchronization, and reliable communication, are quite challenging to achieve with generic multi-hop communication protocols. This paper proposes two complementary reliable multi-hop communication solutions for monitoring of civil infrastructure. In the first approach, termed herein General Purpose Multi-hop (GPMH), the wide variety of communication patterns involved in structural health monitoring, particularly in decentralized implementations, are acknowledged to develop a flexible and adaptable any-to-any communication protocol. In the second approach, termed herein Single-Sink Multi-hop (SSMH), an efficient many-to-one protocol utilizing all available RF channels is designed to minimize the time required to collect the large amounts of data generated by dense arrays of sensor nodes. Both protocols adopt the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, which provides any-to-any routing and multi-cast capability, and supports a broad range of communication patterns. The proposed implementations refine the routing metric by considering the stability of links, exclude functionality unnecessary in mostly-static WSSNs, and integrate a reliable communication layer with the AODV protocol. These customizations have resulted in robust realizations of multi-hop reliable communication that meet the demands of structural health monitoring.

Conceptual Design of Networking Node with Real-time Monitoring for QoS Coordination of Tactical-Mesh Traffic (전술메쉬 트래픽 QoS 조율을 위한 네트워킹 노드의 개념 설계 및 실시간 모니터링)

  • Shin, Jun-Sik;Kang, Moonjoong;Park, Juman;Kwon, Daehoon;Kim, JongWon
    • Smart Media Journal
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.29-38
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    • 2019
  • With the advancement of information and communication technology, tactical networks are continuously being converted to All-IP future tactical networks that integrate all application services based on Internet protocol. Futuristic tactical mesh network is built with tactical WAN (wide area network) nodes that are inter-connected by a mesh structure. In order to guarantee QoS (quality of service) of application services, tactical service mesh (TSM) is suggested as an intermediate layer between infrastructure and application layers for futuristic tactical mesh network. The tactical service mesh requires dynamic QoS monitoring and control for intelligent QoS coordination. However, legacy networking nodes used for existing tactical networks are difficult to support these functionality due to inflexible monitoring support. In order to resolve such matter, we propose a tactical mesh WAN node as a hardware/software co-designed networking node in this paper. The tactical mesh WAN node is conceptually designed to have multi-access networking interfaces and virtualized networking switches by leveraging the DANOS whitebox server/switch. In addition, we explain how to apply eBPF-based traffic monitoring to the tactical mesh WAN node and verify the traffic monitoring feasibility for supporting QoS coordination of tactical-mesh traffic.

A study on the origin and transformation of the image of earth goddess wring her hair (머리카락에서 물을 짜내는 지모신 형상의 기원과 변모에 관한 연구)

  • Noh, Jang Suh
    • The Southeast Asian review
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.223-262
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    • 2010
  • This paper has been written to find facts about the image of earth goddess broadly found in the Southeast Asia. The research findings are as follows: Firstly, the image of earth goddess wringing her hair is phenomenally discovered in both Buddhist temple murals and independent shrines in Thailand. This phenomenon is common in other Indochinese Buddhist countries such as Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia. Secondly, the life of Buddha including the story of the victory over Mara is found in such Buddhist canons as Mahavastu, Buddhacarita, Lalitavistara, Nidanakatha and Patamasambodhi. Among the canons, the story of the victory over Mara is described in differently ways. Earth becomes personified as the goddess in later version. The main cause to expel Mara's army also changes from sound to water. Patamasambodhi is most closely associated with the iconography of the earth goddess of Southeast Asia. Thirdly, Vessantara Jataka and Indian ancient customs tell us that a merit maker performs a rite of pouring water on the earth as an evidence for merit-making. This rite is a key to understanding the meaning of the scene where the earth goddess expels Mara's army into the flood by wringing her hair. The earth goddess is personified from the earth upon which the merit water is poured. Water soaked in her hair is the very holy water poured by the Buddha whenever he made a merit in his former lives. The amount of water flowed from the hair of the earth goddess representing the amount of his merit making was so huge and enough to defeat the Mara's army and for the Buddha to reach the Enlightenment. This legend explains the significance of the notion of merit in the Theravada Buddhist countries such as Thailand and Myanmar where the water pouring rites still take place and the images of the hair wringing earth goddess are commonly discovered. Fourthly, the first image of the earth goddess as the witness of merits for the Buddha appeared in some Gandharan Buddhist sculptures in the form of devotional gesture with her both hands pressed together and the upper half of her body above the ground. The appearance is in accordance with the description of her in the Lalitavistara canon. In later periods, the form changed into various types and finally the image of the earth goddess wringing her hair appeared in Southeast Asia around 11 century C.E. Some researchers argue this image form of the earth goddess shows the influence from China or India. However, the arguments are considered to be hypothetical as they have no strong evidence to prove. Finally, the modern image of earth goddess shows richer and more dynamic expression compared with its predecessors. Especially, outstanding is the standing earth goddess images found in the scene of the victory over Mara in many temple murals of central region of Thailand. The earth goddess in her voluptuous body shape is usually depicted as wringing her hair with her arms wide open in a posture of S curve. This appearance strongly reminds us of the postures of Salabhanjika and Tribhanga originated from Indian art. The adoption presumably has been made to signify her fertile and affluent characteristics.

A New Efficient Private Key Reissuing Model for Identity-based Encryption Schemes Including Dynamic Information (동적 ID 정보가 포함된 신원기반 암호시스템에서 효율적인 키 재발급 모델)

  • Kim, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Sang-Jin;Koo, Bon-Seok;Ryu, Kwon-Ho;Oh, Hee-Kuck
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.23-36
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    • 2005
  • The main obstacle hindering the wide deployment of identity-based cryptosystem is that the entity responsible for creating the private key has too much power. As a result, private keys are no longer private. One obvious solution to this problem is to apply the threshold technique. However, this increases the authentication computation, and communication cost during the key issuing phase. In this paper, we propose a new effi ient model for issuing multiple private keys in identity-based encryption schemes based on the Weil pairing that also alleviates the key escrow problem. In our system, the private key of a user is divided into two components, KGK (Key Description Key) and KUD(Key Usage Desscriptor), which are issued separately by different parties. The KGK is issued in a threshold manner by KIC (Key Issuing Center), whereas the KW is issued by a single authority called KUM (Key Usage Manager). Changing KW results in a different private key. As a result, a user can efficiently obtain a new private key by interacting with KUM. We can also adapt Gentry's time-slot based private key revocation approach to our scheme more efficiently than others. We also show the security of the system and its efficiency by analyzing the existing systems.

Image Quality Analysis According to the of a Linear Transducer (선형 탐촉자에서 관심 시각 영역 변화에 따른 화질 분석)

  • Ji-Na, Park;Jae-Bok, Han;Jong-Gil, Kwak;Jong-Nam, Song
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.16 no.7
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    • pp.975-984
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    • 2022
  • Since a linear transducer has an area of interest equal to the length of the transducer, the area of interest can be expanded using the virtual convex function installed in the device.However, it was thought that the change in the direction of the ultrasonic sound velocity according to the change in the visual area of interest would affect the image quality, so this was objectively confirmed. For this study, image evaluation and SNR·CNR of the phantom for ultrasound quality control were measured. As a result, in the phantom image evaluation, both images were able to identify structures in functional resolution, grayscale, and dynamic range. However, it was confirmed that the standard image was excellent in the reproducibility of the size and shape of the structure. As a result of SNR·CNR evaluation, SNR·CNR of most trapezoidal images was low, except for structures at specific locations. In addition, through the statistical analysis graph, it was further confirmed that the SNR and CNR for each depth decreased as the size of the cystic structure decreased. Through this study, it was confirmed that the use of the function has the advantage of providing a wide visual area of interest, but it has an effect on the image quality. Therefore, when using the virtual convex function, it is judged that the examiner should use it in an appropriate situation and conduct various studies to acquire high-quality images and to improve the understanding and proficiency of the equipment.

Rainfall Forecasting Using Satellite Information and Integrated Flood Runoff and Inundation Analysis (I): Theory and Development of Model (위성정보에 의한 강우예측과 홍수유출 및 범람 연계 해석 (I): 이론 및 모형의 개발)

  • Choi, Hyuk Joon;Han, Kun Yeun;Kim, Gwangseob
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.6B
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    • pp.597-603
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study is to improve the short term rainfall forecast skill using neural network model that can deal with the non-linear behavior between satellite data and ground observation, and minimize the flood damage. To overcome the geographical limitation of Korean peninsula and get the long forecast lead time of 3 to 6 hour, the developed rainfall forecast model took satellite imageries and wide range AWS data. The architecture of neural network model is a multi-layer neural network which consists of one input layer, one hidden layer, and one output layer. Neural network is trained using a momentum back propagation algorithm. Flood was estimated using rainfall forecasts. We developed a dynamic flood inundation model which is associated with 1-dimensional flood routing model. Therefore the model can forecast flood aspect in a protected lowland by levee failure of river. In the case of multiple levee breaks at main stream and tributaries, the developed flood inundation model can estimate flood level in a river and inundation level and area in a protected lowland simultaneously.

Glass Dissolution Rates From MCC-1 and Flow-Through Tests

  • Jeong, Seung-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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    • 2004.06a
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    • pp.257-258
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    • 2004
  • The dose from radionuclides released from high-level radioactive waste (HLW) glasses as they corrode must be taken into account when assessing the performance of a disposal system. In the performance assessment (PA) calculations conducted for the proposed Yucca Mountain, Nevada, disposal system, the release of radionuclides is conservatively assumed to occur at the same rate the glass matrix dissolves. A simple model was developed to calculate the glass dissolution rate of HLW glasses in these PA calculations [1]. For the PA calculations that were conducted for Site Recommendation, it was necessary to identify ranges of parameter values that bounded the dissolution rates of the wide range of HLW glass compositions that will be disposed. The values and ranges of the model parameters for the pH and temperature dependencies were extracted from the results of SPFT, static leach tests, and Soxhlet tests available in the literature. Static leach tests were conducted with a range of glass compositions to measure values for the glass composition parameter. The glass dissolution rate depends on temperature, pH, and the compositions of the glass and solution, The dissolution rate is calculated using Eq. 1: $rate{\;}={\;}k_{o}10^{(ph){\eta})}{\cdot}e^{(-Ea/RT)}{\cdot}(1-Q/K){\;}+{\;}k_{long}$ where $k_{0},\;{\eta}$ and Eaare the parameters for glass composition, pH, $\eta$ and temperature dependence, respectively, and R is the gas constant. The term (1-Q/K) is the affinity term, where Q is the ion activity product of the solution and K is the pseudo-equilibrium constant for the glass. Values of the parameters $k_{0},\;{\eta}\;and\;E_{a}$ are the parameters for glass composition, pH, and temperature dependence, respectively, and R is the gas constant. The term (1-Q/C) is the affinity term, where Q is the ion activity product of the solution and K is the pseudo-equilibrium constant for the glass. Values of the parameters $k_0$, and Ea are determined under test conditions where the value of Q is maintained near zero, so that the value of the affinity term remains near 1. The dissolution rate under conditions in which the value of the affinity term is near 1 is referred to as the forward rate. This is the highest dissolution rate that can occur at a particular pH and temperature. The value of the parameter K is determined from experiments in which the value of the ion activity product approaches the value of K. This results in a decrease in the value of the affinity term and the dissolution rate. The highly dilute solutions required to measure the forward rate and extract values for $k_0$, $\eta$, and Ea can be maintained by conducting dynamic tests in which the test solution is removed from the reaction cell and replaced with fresh solution. In the single-pass flow-through (PFT) test method, this is done by continuously pumping the test solution through the reaction cell. Alternatively, static tests can be conducted with sufficient solution volume that the solution concentrations of dissolved glass components do not increase significantly during the test. Both the SPFT and static tests can ve conducted for a wide range of pH values and temperatures. Both static and SPFt tests have short-comings. the SPFT test requires analysis of several solutions (typically 6-10) at each of several flow rates to determine the glass dissolution rate at each pH and temperature. As will be shown, the rate measured in an SPFt test depends on the solution flow rate. The solutions in static tests will eventually become concentrated enough to affect the dissolution rate. In both the SPFt and static test methods. a compromise is required between the need to minimize the effects of dissolved components on the dissolution rate and the need to attain solution concentrations that are high enough to analyze. In the paper, we compare the results of static leach tests and SPFT tests conducted with simple 5-component glass to confirm the equivalence of SPFT tests and static tests conducted with pH buffer solutions. Tests were conducted over the range pH values that are most relevant for waste glass disssolution in a disposal system. The glass and temperature used in the tests were selected to allow direct comparison with SPFT tests conducted previously. The ability to measure parameter values with more than one test method and an understanding of how the rate measured in each test is affected by various test parameters provides added confidence to the measured values. The dissolution rate of a simple 5-component glass was measured at pH values of 6.2, 8.3, and 9.6 and $70^{\circ}C$ using static tests and single-pass flow-through (SPFT) tests. Similar rates were measured with the two methods. However, the measured rates are about 10X higher than the rates measured previously for a glass having the same composition using an SPFT test method. Differences are attributed to effects of the solution flow rate on the glass dissolution reate and how the specific surface area of crushed glass is estimated. This comparison indicates the need to standardize the SPFT test procedure.

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