• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.399-413
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• 2009

Whitehead's philosophy is evaluated as an applicable philosophy and an accurate, logical explanation system about the world through mathematics. Whitehead's ideological development can be divided into mathematical research, critical consciousness about sciences and philosophical exploration. Although it is presented as a whole unified conceptual framework to understand nature and human beings which is based on modern mathematics and physics in the 20th century, Whitehead's philosophy has not been sufficiently understood and evaluated about the full meaning and mathematics educational values. In this paper, we study relations of Whitehead's philosophy and the mathematical education. Moreover, we study implicity of mathematical education.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.97-114
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• 2009

화이트헤드는 수학적 개념과 방법을 철학에까지 확장시킨 대표적인 수학 철학자라 할 수 있다. 화이트헤드의 수학 철학은 한편으로 형이상학적 입장을 주장한다는 점에서 수학철학의 합리론적 경향을 가진 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 또 다른 한편 수학적 진리와 현실세계의 경험적 관련성을 강조한다는 점에서 수학철학의 경험론적 경향에 속한다고 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 수학철학에 있어 독특한 견해를 가진 화이트헤드의 수학 철학적 입장이 무엇인지 살펴보았다. 화이트헤드의 유기체 철학의 수학 철학적 경향은 수학 철학에서의 경험론적 경향과 합리론적 경향의 종합이라고 볼 수 있다.

• 인문언어
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• 제6권
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• pp.147-166
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• 2004

Whitehead's discussion of language is not to be found in any one book or article. It is interwoven with his discussion of many other questions. He was, however, greatly concerned with the problem of symbolism in general and the uses of language. He regards language, spoken or written, as an instrument devised by men to aid them in their adjustment to the environment in which they live Language is used for many specific purposes in the process of this adjustment. Words are employed not only to refer to data and to express emotions. They may be used also to record experiences, and thoughts about these experiences. Worts also function as instruments in the organization of experiences as they are considered in retrospect. Thus words free us from the bondage of the immediate. And Whitehead's theory of meaning is implicit in his discussion of the functions of language. According to him, the human mind is functioning symbolically when some components of its experience elicit consciousness, beliefs, emotions, and usages, respecting other components of its experiences. The former set of components are the 'symbols', and the latter set constitute the 'meaning' of the symbols. Whitehead points out that one word may have several meanings, i.e. refer to several different data. In order to understand, thus, the meaning to which a word refers, it is sometimes very important to appreciate the system of thought within which a person is operating. Further, Whitehead's discussion of language includes a number of cogent warning the deficiencies of language, and hence the need for great care in the use of words. In fact, language developed gradually. For the most part we have created words designed to deal with practical problems. Attention focuses on the prominent features in a situation, in particular the changing aspects of things. With reference to such data our words are relatively adequate. However, this issues in an unfortunate superficiality. The enduring, the subtle, the complex and the general aspects of the universe do not have adequate verbal representation. for this reason, Whitehead's position concerning the uses of language in speculative philosophy is stated with pungent directness. The uncritical trust in the adequacy of language is one of the main errors to which philosophy is liable. Since ordinary language does not do justice to the generalities, profundities and complexities of life, it is obvious that philosophy requires new words and phrases, or at least the revision of familiar words and phrases. Proceeding to develop the theme Whitehead contends that words and phrases must be stretched towards a generality foreign to their ordinary usage. In the same vein Whitehead refers to the need to realize that language which is the tool of philosophy needs to be redesigned just as in physical science available physical apparatus needs to be redesigned. But even these words and phrases, stretched or redesigned, are never completely adequate in philosophical speculations. They are, in his opinion, merely a great improvement over ordinary language or the language science, mathematics or symbolic logic.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.375-389
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• 2005

Whitehead는 그의 형이상학적 철학과 교육철학을 바탕으로 리듬을 살리는 교육을 제안하고 있다. 그에 의하면 '교육의 리듬'이란 자유와 규율이 조화를 이루는 가운데 학생의 지적 수준이 상승하게 된다는 것을 의미하며, 이는 로맨스의 단계와 정밀화의 단계, 일반화의 단계를 거치면서 거듭된다. 또한 이런 주기들이 반복되면서 더 나은 수준으로 발전하게 되어 학생은 지적인 자유를 누릴 수 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 Whitehead의 생각을 수학교육에서 살리는 방안을 모색해 본 것이다. 먼저 3단계를 의미있게 거쳐가게 하는 교육과정의 구성 방안을 생각해 보고, 자유와 규율이 교대로 일어나는 교수방법을 구안해 본다. 그리고 실제 수업에서 이들을 적용하는 방안을 구상해 본다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2012

Physical cosmology tries to understand the Universe at large with its origin and evolution. Observational and experimental situations in cosmology do not allow us to proceed purely based on the empirical means. We examine in which sense our cosmological assumptions in fact have shaped our current cosmological worldview with consequent inevitable limits. Cosmology, as other branches of science and knowledge, is a construct of human imagination reflecting the popular belief system of the era. The question at issue deserves further philosophic discussions. In Whitehead's words, "philosophy, in one of its functions, is the critic of cosmologies". (Whitehead 1925).

• 철학연구
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• 제116권
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• pp.351-370
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• 2010

화이트헤드의 실재론은 형이상학과 이후의 수리철학적 전통 뿐만이 아니라 20세기의 언어이론과 분석철학에 있어서도 다양한 기여를 하였다. 화이트헤드의 명제 개념 또한 인식과 언어와 상징을 포괄적으로 다루는 형이상학적인 성찰에 있어서도 매우 중요한 기여를 하였다. 화이트헤드에 의하면 명제의 일차적인 기능은 느낌을 위한 유혹으로 정의된다. 또한 명제에 대한 경험은 가능성과 현실성의 결합의 경험을 뜻한다. 이러한 점에서 명제의 실현은 각각의 현실성들이 새로운 방식으로 주체의 명제경험을 통하여 구현되고 탄생되어짐을 함축한다. 화이트헤드의 명제 개념의 구상에는 세계 경험들의 다차원적인 구현을 논리적으로 범주화 하려는 목적이 함축되어 있다. 이는 우주의 생생한 발현의 국면들을 논리적으로 해명하려는 화이트헤드 형이상학의 전체적인 성격와 연관된 지점이기도 하다. 그에 의하면 명제는 주체에게 언어를 수행하도록 하는 전언어적인 근본 범주이다. 화이트헤드의 이러한 명제-시스템은 주체의 다차원적인 현실의 해석가능성과 언어의 구체적 수행을 가능하게 논리적 토대가 된다. 명제에 관한 화이트헤드 사유의 점진적인 흐름과 발전의 시선에서 보면, 화이트헤드의 명제론은 명제가 특정한 개별적 주체의 세계와 언어수행에 어떻게 개입되고 발현되는지를 현실의 창조적 전진의 맥락에서 효과적으로 설명하려는 시도로 이해될 수 있다. 이러한 화이트헤드의 명제론에 대한 독특한 구상을 주목하는 이 연구는 화이트헤드의 형이상학적 체계에서 그의 명제론의 의미와 가치에 대한 근본적인 성찰을 시도하고자 하였다. 특히 화이트헤드의 명제론이 현실을 새로움과 창조성의 구현의 무대로 진술하는 그의 약동의 세계관에 어떠한 방식으로 긴밀하게 기여하고 있는지를 검토하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2010

The concepts of laws like regularity or persistence or recurrence those are discovered in nature, became the essential elements in speculative philosophy, study and scientific technology. Western civilization was spread out by these natural laws. As this background, this study is aimed to research the theories of natural laws and the development of geometry as the descriptive tools and the development aspects of the concepts of space. According to Whitehead's four theories on the natural laws, the result of this study that aimed like that as follows. First, the theories on the immanence and imposition of the natural laws were the predominant ideas from ancient Greek to before the scientific revolution, the theory on the simple description like the positivism made the Newton-Cartesian mechanism and an absolutist world view. The theory on the conventional interpretation made the organicism and relativism world view according to non-Euclidean geometry. Second, the geometrical composition of ancient Greek architecture was an aesthetics that represented the immanence of natural laws. Third, in the basic symbol of medieval times, the numeral symbol was the frame of thought and was an important principal of architecture. Fourth, during the Renaissance, architecture was regarded as mathematics that made the order of universe to visible things and the geometry was regarded as an important architectural principal. Fifth, according to the non-Euclidean geometry, it was possible to present the natural phenomena and the universe. Sixth, topology made to lapse the division of traditional floor, wall and ceiling in contemporary architecture and made to build the continuous space. Seventy, the new nature was explained by fractal concepts not by Euclidean shapes, fractal presented that the essence of nature had not mechanical and linear characteristic but organic and non-linear characteristic.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2007

The significance of Han medicine (韓醫學), the Korean traditional medicine, that has lasted throughout the past couple millenniums relies upon Han Philosophy distinguished by its uniqueness. In brief, the specificity of Han medicine is characterized by unity of spirit and body, part and whole. According to this theory, when curing a frozen shoulder, it is usually cured by acupuncturing the area around the part that aches, but also doing so on the area that is totally different from the aching part such as the opposite part of the body. In fact, this can be pursued only through aspects that enable one to realize the unity of part and whole, and a ground for this possibility bases upon the crux of Eastern Philosophy, I-ching(역), such as theory of Five Elements (음양오행) and Three Pillars(삼재). In Western set theory, the issues of Class(부류) and elements(요원), whole and part were independently discussed in the area of mereology, and the question of part and whole was encountered with aporia and paradox since Greek ancient philosophy. At the turn of this century, many philosophers endeavored to pursue academic inquiry to resolve this paradox, especially by Russell and Whitehead through ${\ll}$Principia Mathematica${\gg}$ at the beginning of this century. in the process, there came out a phrase 'Russell's Paradox'. Russell himself proposed a typological resolution as an answer to the inquiry. However, 'Russell's Paradox' still remains as an aporia even till present days. During medieval period, this inquiry was even considered as 'insolubia'. Throughout this paper, 1 attempt to provide an analytic aspect on 'Russell's Paradox' from an unique thinking method and perspective of Han medicine that embodies the concept of 'unity of part and whole'. To do so, 1 suggest a physiological model in the first place depicted by diagrams of Circle 원, Quadrangle 방, Triangle 각(CQT) that portray the logic of Hado or Hotu 하도 which is 'the pattern from the river Ho'. That is to suggest that CQT원방각 of Hado can De a logical foundation that explains the notions of spirit (정신,뇌), internal organs(장부), and meridian system which functions as a solution to the question of 'Russell's Paradox'. There are precedent academic works examining the issue from philosophical aspect such as Sangil Kim's ${\ulcorner}$Han medicine과 러셀역설 해의${\lrcorner}$ Han Medicine and Resolution of Russell's Paradox(2005), and this analysis will further attempt to critically examine such works from a perspective of Han medicine.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2005

'Movement System' is made of the interaction of user and architectural spaces related to each other in order. 'Movement' meant in movement system is possible only in the status of user and architectural space together. Movement created and disappeared by the user is not subordinated to the existing architectural space but becomes the main element of formating movement system. It is required that movement conception applied to architecture should be derived from the essence of movement and this study presents the movement system. To explain the formating process of movement system, A. N. Whitehead's process philosophy theory is at the basis and transformed in architectural aspects. On basis of these theoretical backgrounds, the process of making movement system can be explained. There are unit movement, unit object, and elements for movement process as the basic requirements for movement system, each unit is apprehended by individual operation and the nexus is composed by associative operation of apprehended units. This nexus becomes the object of a new subject and forms multiple nexus. Relation of unit movement and unit object and nexus are apprehended as the continuation and extensive continuum is made. At that time, movement with multiple phases set inbetween systems and extended multiplied. Through above study, movement system is applied to Korean traditional houses.