• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2019

Oyster mushrooms are an economically important crop, accounting for 35% of the total mushroom production in Korea. In this study, we developed a new cultivar of Pleurotus ostreatus, known as 'Baekseon,' which is characterized by a white pileus with a white stipe. It was bred by mating monokaryons isolated from white mutant oyster mushrooms that were naturally generated from 'Gonji-7ho' and 'Wonhyeong-1ho' at the Mushroom Research Institute, GARES, Korea in 2018. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar medium was approximately $28-31^{\circ}C$, and the optimum temperatures for primordia formation and growth of fruit bodies on sawdust media were $22^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The time required for the bottle-cultured mushrooms to complete spawn running, primordia formation, and growth of fruit bodies was 30 days, 4 days, and 4 days, respectively. The fruit bodies were bundle-shaped, the pilei were round type and white, and the stipes were white. The stipes were slender and longer than those of the control ('Miso'). In the productivity test, the yield per bottle was 185 g/1100 mL, which was 45% greater than that of the control ('Miso'). In the farm test, the yield per bottle for Farm A (Pyeongtaek) and Farm B (Yeoju) was 184 g/1100 mL and 178 g/850 mL, respectively. With regard to the physical properties of fruit bodies, the springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and brittleness of stipe tissue were 80%, 57%, 720 g, and 57 kg, respectively. These values were lower than those of the control ('Miso'). To test the shelf life, the fruit bodies were wrapped with antifogging film and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 28 days and then at room temperature for 4 days; such conditions were sufficient for maintaining edibility.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.264-268
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• 2017

In the 21st century, information and communication technology (ICT) worldwide presents a new vision for agriculture. Time and place, as well as the high-tech industry, to overcome barriers to the fusion of the so-called "smart agriculture," are changing the agricultural landscape. Core container production in precision agriculture for mushroom cultivation, optimal temperature, humidity, irradiation, self-regulation of factors such as carbon dioxide, and environment for mushroom cultivation were adopted. Lentinula edodes (shiitake) is an edible mushroom native to East Asia, cultivated and consumed in many Asian countries. It is considered to be medicinal in certain practices of traditional medicine. We used different controlled light sources (Blue-Red-White-combined LED, blue LED, red LED, and fluorescent light) with different LED radiation intensities (1.5, 10.5, and $20.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ for LEDs) to compare growth and development. Mushrooms were treated with light in a 12-hour-on/12-hour-off cycle, and maintained in a controlled room at $19{\sim}21^{\circ}C$, with 80~90% humidity, and an atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration of 1,000 ppm for 30 days. Growth and development differed with the LED source color and LED radiation intensity. Growth and development were the highest at $10.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ of blue LED light. After harvesting the fruit bodies, we measured their weight and length, thickness of pileus and stipe, chromaticity, and hardness. The $10.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ blue-LED-irradiated group showed the best harvest results with an average individual weight of 39.82 g and length of 64.03 mm, pileus thickness of 30.85 mm and pileus length of 43.22 mm, and stipe thickness of 16.96 mm with fine chromaticity and hardness. These results showed that blue LED light at $10.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ s exerted the best effect on the growth and development of L. edodes (shiitake) mushroom in the ICT-system container-type environment.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.5 s.92
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• pp.322-327
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• 1999

Five white fruitbodies of Ganoderma lucidum found from two different mushroom farms, and the characteristics of atypical fruiting structure formation of these strains were described. The white fruitbodies were spontaneously generated on Quercus-log during the cultivation. They did not differentiate to the normal fruitbodies with pileus, hymenium, stipe and coloration, and fruitbodies remained non-laccateed even after 3 months. Dikaryotic mycelia isolated from the five white fruitbodies differed from wild-type strains in the mycelial growth rate, colony color, and the capacity of atypical fruiting structure (AFS) formation on agar media. These white mutants readily induced brown colored AFSs on the colonies under ventilation and illumination conditions. Both isolates Gl-010 and Gl-011 that were obtained from a normal and white fruitbody, respectively, did not form AFSs in the dark and/or under black light blue (BLB) light illumination, but induced under the visible light. They required dim light for the AFS formation, and the AFS formation was inhibited up to $0.5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;S^{-1}$ in light intensity. However, the other four isolates induced AFSs even in the dark and BLB illumination, although their parent strain, isolate Gl-030, did not form AFSs under any light conditions. The monokaryotic mycelia derived from basidiospores of the AFSs of the white mutants were compatible with the original culture (dikaryon) on a dual culture.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate storage stability of harvested mushroom in developed varieties of button mushroom through identification of quality change during 35 days. The mushroom harvested up to $2^{nd}$ flush mushroom was stored on different storage temperature(4, 7, $10^{\circ}C$) and weight, length, thickness, color of pileus and stipe in fruit body was tested every 7 days. The morphological trait and color of stipe in fruit body were influenced by harvesting period and storage temperature. On the morphological traits of fruit body, mushroom harvested at $2^{nd}$ flush showed smaller difference than those at $1^{st}$ flush and mushroom stored at $4^{\circ}C$ indicated more difference than ones at the other temperature. Mostly color of pileus in brown button mushroom had lower ${\Delta}E$ (color difference) than white mushroom during storage period. The color of pileus of fruit body in white mushroom had low ${\Delta}E$ at $4^{\circ}C$ whereas that of brown mushroom was low at $10^{\circ}C$. The safe period of storage based on the L value is 7 days under a specified environmental condition. 'Seolgang' was stored for 14 days as good quality of mushroom, 'Saedo' had best quality after harvesting and 'Seojeong' was most stable during storage change in white mushroom varieties.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2008

'Miso', a new variety of oyster mushroom was developed for the bottle culture at the Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services. Its mycelium grew rapidly with $8.4{\sim}8.6\;mm/day $ at $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium. The optimum pH of the mycelial growth was pH 5.0. It took 24 days for the primitive primordium formation after inoculation on pine sawdust media mixed with 20% wheat bran. Fruiting body color was white, and the shape of pileus was convex-umbonate. In the bottle culture, the yield was 115.7 g per 850 ml bottle. Stipe length was about 54 mm, the number of stipe per bottle was 18.1, the size of pileus was 28 mm, and gill was crowded. The moisture content of 'Miso' was lower than that of Jangan No.5 and Wonhyeong No.1, and contents of protein, ash and sugar of 'Miso' were higher than those of other varieties, and tannin acid content of 'Miso' was lower than that of others. On the basis of AFLP analysis, the 'Miso' was distinct not only from Wonhyeong No.1, but also from their closest relative, oyster mushrooms.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 2020

We undertook a breeding program to produce a white button mushroom cultivar with high temperature tolerance in preparation for climate change. The results were as follows. The strains KMCC00540, KMCC00591, and KMCC00643 were selected, and homokaryons were selected and hybrids were identified with ISSR and SSR markers, respectively. The selected hybrids were cultivated in three repetitions at a temperature of 20-25 ℃ and a humidity of 80% or higher. The variation in agricultural traits and fruiting body characteristics was least in the Abs4-2016-121 strain. This line is a hybrid of KMCC00591 and KMCC00875, and field experiments at Gyeongju and Buyeo farms found that the Abs4-2016-121 line has high fruiting body with hardness and delayed opening of pileus at high temperatures, so it was bred as a high-temperature cultivar named 'Hadam'.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.101-108
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• 2012

Pleurotus ostreatus 'Miso' is a mutant strain showing white color in pileus from the known parent strain 'Wonhyeong 1'. Shape and several other characters also vary with culture conditions. Mating experiments were performed to understand interstrain mating relationship using monokaryons of the parent and the mutant strains. All monokaryons were grown from single spores isolated from freshly collected fruit bodies. Pairings were performed in 90 mm petri dishes on PDA. They were allowed to grow at 25 until two fronts of the advancing mycelia met and developed a conspicuous contact zone. The contact zone and the outer edges of paired colonies on each plate were examined for clamp connections. The parent and the mutant resulted in tetrapolar incompatibility in intrastrain crosses. In interstrain crosses, each monokaryotic tester strain of the parent strain was out-crossed to monokaryotic tester strains of the mutant. As a result of these crosses it was found that both strains share the same A and B incompatibility factors yielding 25% compatibility.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.47-51
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• 2008

The Oyster mushroom is saprophytic fungus. The pileus is stemmed at the side and later depressed. It grows to 5-15 cm, and is of grey, grey-lilac, blackish-grey, steel grey, grey-brown, and blue-blackish. Various kinds of Oyster mushrooms such as golden, pink, brown, grey, white, and blue make marketing an interesting challenge depending upon the market niche. A new commercial strain "Chung" of oyster mushroom was developed by hyphal anastomosis. It was improved with hybridization between monokaryotic strain derived from Pleurotus ostreatus ASI 2194 and ASI 2487. The pileus of parental strain ASI 2194 and ASI 2487 was grey and light blue-grey, respectively. Most of intra-specific hybrids between strain ASI 2194 and ASI 2487 were showed similar pileus color of parents. By the way, the pileus color of variety 'Chung' was blue to bluish grey. The optimum temperatures of mycelial growth and fruiting body development was $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and $12{\sim}16^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2021

Flammulina velutipes is the representative edible mushroom in Korea. It makes up around 18% of the total mushroom production and accounts for about 36% of the total mushroom export. Despite being one of the most industrially important mushroom in Korea, the distribution rate of domestic cultivar was low (~31.6%) in 2020. Therefore, we need a new domestic cultivar with high quality as the main export mushroom. We developed a new white domestic cultivar, 'Seolhan', bred by mating two monokaryotic strains isolated from Baekseung and Woori-1ho. The optimum mycelial growth temperature was 25℃ and Seolhan had higher mycelial growth than the control at 20 and 25℃. In bottle cultivation, the optimum temperature of incubation was from 15℃ to 17℃ and the growth temperature of Seolhan was 7-8℃, which was slightly higher than that of the control. The yield of Seolan was 226.5±8.0 g, an increase of 18.4% compared to the control. The period of primodia formation also was a couple of days ahead. In morphological traits, the pileus of Seolhan was smaller than that of the control, the stipe was thicker, and the color brighter. As the results of replacement culture and genetic diversity test, it was confirmed that Seolhan was genetically different from other white varieties.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2011

A new cultivar "Dan Bi" of Pleurotus eryngii was developed by the method of mono-mono crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from KNR2312 and KNR2596. The parental strains, KNR2312 and KNR2596, are characterized by the property of high quality and a small number of primordia formation, respectively. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 25 and that of fruiting body development was $15{\sim}16^{\circ}C$. The period of harvesting including primordia formation was 0.7~1.3 days later than that of control strain Knneutari No. 3 in the culling cultivation. The color of pileus and stipe surface was neutral-brown and pure white, respectively. The shape of pileus was dome and has a scale like as cobweb. The yield was $93{\pm}9.7$ g per 850 cc of plastic bottle. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial variety "Dan Bi" showed a different profile as that of the control strain, Knneutari No. 3, when RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer #8005 was used. This new variety "Dan Bi" of Pleurotus eryngii is characterized by a small number of primordia formation after scratching.