• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.1127-1135
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• 2009

Purpose : To observe the abnormal white matter findings on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of very-low- birth-weight (VLBW) infant brains at term-equivalent age and to determine the clinical risk factors for the development of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Methods : In all, MRI was performed in 98 VLBW infants and the white matter abnormalities were observed. Clinical risk factors for cystic and noncystic PVL were determined. Results : MRI scans of 74 infants (75.5%) showed diffuse excessive high signal intensity (DEHSI) in the periventricular white matter, 17 (17.3%) lateral ventricle dilation, 5 (5.1%) and 11 (11.2%) focal punctate lesions and cystic changes in the periventricular white matter, respectively, 9 (9.1%), germinal layer hemorrhage (GLH) or subependymal cysts 3 (3.1%) intraventricular hemorrhage (>grade 2) 2 (2.0%) posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and 2 (2.0%) periventricular hemorrhagic infarct. Gestational age (GA), 1-minute Apgar score, Clinical Risk Index for Babies-II (CRIB-II) score, and inotrope use, and GA, CRIB-II score, postnatal steroid administration, inotrope use, and abnormal white blood cell (WBC) count at admission were related to cystic PVL and noncystic PVL development, respectively (P<0.05). However, in logistic regression analysis, CRIB-II (odds ratio, 1.63, 295% confidence interval, 1.15-2.30 P=0.006) for cystic PVL, and GA (odds ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.99 P=0.036) for noncystic PVL were only significant independently. Conclusion : White matter abnormalities could be observed on MRI scans of the VLBW infant brains at term-equivalent age, and CRIB-II and GA were only independently significant for cystic and noncystic PVL development, respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.621-625
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• 2004

Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis, popularly referred to as Fahr's disease, is a disorder radiologically characterized by bilateral calcifications of the basal ganglia, thalami, dentate nuclei of the cerebellum, and the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere without serum calcium-phosphorus metabolism and related endocrinologic abnormalities. Intracranial calcifications are easily visible as high-density on CT. On magnetic resonance images, the calcifications exhibit different signal intensities. The differences in signal intensity are thought to be related to the stage of the disease, differences in calcium metabolism, and the volume of the calcium deposit. Based on literature review, I report the case of a 63 year man with bilateral symmetrical calcification in the basal ganglia, dentate nuclei of the cerebellum, and the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere who present a 5 year history of progressive dysarthria associated with left thalamic infarction.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.150-150
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• 2001

목적： 두 종류의 MR 기종에서 정상 성인의 두개 내 Frontal White Matter와 Basal Ganglia를 대상으로 서로 다른 TE에 대해 MR 분광법을 시행하여 기종 내, 기종간의 정상 값의 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법： 신경학, 형태학적으로 이상이 없는 8명의 자원자(평균나이 24세)를 대상으로 하였고 지원자 개개인에게 두 개의 서로 다른 1.5T MR 기종(A, B기종)에서 각각 TE를 달리하여 Frontal White Matter, Basal Ganglia를 대상으로 MR 분광법을 시행하였다. 사용한 pulse sequence는 PRESS 방법이며, TR/TE는 3000/22(25),136(144)msec, 선택체적의 크기는 20$\times$20$\times$20(mm$^3$)로 하였다. MR 기종 A는 manual prescan, B는 automatic prescan을 이용하여 최적의 분광정보를 얻었다. 각각의 MR장치에서 얻은 분광 데이터는 본 기관에서 제작된 S/W로 PC에서 처리하여 각 대사물질 피크 면적의 NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr값을 구하였고, TE값에 따라 MR 기종 내 및 기종간의 정상 값의 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 Faired-Comparison t-test(p<0.05)를 이용하여 분석하였다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2017

A characteristic imaging finding in cases of methanol intoxication is putaminal necrosis, but its presence is usually not suspected due to its rarity. Methanol intoxication generally produces serious neurological symptoms that include visual disturbances and diminished consciousness, characteristically with metabolic acidosis. We reported the case of a 59-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with diminished consciousness. Acute methanol intoxication was determined as the cause. Laboratory tests revealed high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Diffusion-weighted MRI indicated diffuse symmetric diffusion restriction lesions in the subcortical white matter of both cerebral hemispheres.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.147-150
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• 2012

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) may be suspected when a young child presents with abrupt onset of altered mental status, seizures, or both. Definitive clinical diagnosis is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. ANE is associated with influenza virus infections. Preliminary data suggests that up to 25% of ANE patients die, and up to 25% of ANE survivors develop substantial neurologic sequelae. Here, we describe a case of a comatose 22-month-old girl who was admitted to our hospital because of febrile illness and seizures. On day 13 of her illness, she died from ANE associated with infection from parainfluenza virus. Brain MRI results indicated diffuse bilateral symmetric signal changes in both basal ganglia, thalami, periventricular white matter, pons, and cerebral white matter, as well as generalized swelling of the brain.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2002

Purpose： To evaluate the white matter fiber connectivity of normal human using diffusion tensor MRI. Method： Normal young healthy volunteers (2 women and 1 man) and 3 brain tumor patients participated in this study. All studies were performed using a 1.5T Philips Gyroscan Intern system. Diffusion weighted imaging was performed using single-shot echo planar imaging, with navigator echo phase correction and SENSE. Diffusion weighting was performed along six independent axes, using diffusion weighting of b=800s/$\textrm{mm}^2$. 128matrix, 23cm FOV, 2.5mm slice thickness were used for Imaging parameters. Data were processed on a Window-2000 PC equipped with IDL and PRIDE (Philips Medical System). Corticospinal tract was traced from mid-pons level via posterior limb of internal capsule. Corpus callosum, cerebellar peduncles and frontal fibers were traced by fiber tractography.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.263-276
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• 2024

Different diseases occur in the brain. For instance, hereditary and progressive diseases affect and degenerate the white matter. Although addressing, diagnosing, and treating complex abnormalities in the brain is challenging, different strategies have been presented with significant advances in medical research. With state-of-art developments in artificial intelligence, new techniques are being applied to brain magnetic resonance images. Deep learning has been recently used for the segmentation and classification of brain images. In this study, we classified normal and pathological brain images using pretrained deep models through transfer learning. The EfficientNet-B5 model reached the highest accuracy of 98.39% on real data, 91.96% on augmented data, and 100% on pathological data. To verify the reliability of the model, fivefold cross-validation and a two-tier cross-test were applied. The results suggest that the proposed method performs reasonably on the classification of brain magnetic resonance images.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Normal aging causes changes in the brain volume, connection, function and cognition. The brain changes with increases in age and difference of gender varies at all levels. Studies about normal brain aging using various brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables such as gray and white matter structural imaging, proton spectroscopy, apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI are reviewed. Total volume of brain increases after birth but decreases after 9 years old. During adulthood, total volume of brain is relatively stable. After 35 years old, brain shrinks gradually. The changes of gray and white matters by aging show different features. N-acetylaspartate decreases or remains unchanged but choline, creatine and myo-inositol increase with aging. Apparent diffusion coefficient decreases till 20 years old and then becomes stable during adulthood and increase after 60 years old. Diffusion tensor properties in white matter tissue are variable during aging. Resting-state functional connectivity decreases after middle age. Structural and functional brain changes with normal aging are important for studying various psychiatric diseases such as dementia, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Our review may be helpful for studying longitudinal changes of these diseases and successful aging.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.66-66
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• 2006

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2003

This study was conducted to select the promising varieties of white clover (va.) California Ladino, Seminole, Sonja, Milo, Rinendel, Alberta and Sona at Daekwanryong branch(altitude 800m a.s.l.) and Namwon branch(altitude 450m a.s.l.) of National Livestock Research Institute. Leaf color of white clover was light green except for Ladino and Seminole, and leaf width was broad in others except for both varieties. Winter hardness of Seminole was the greatest with 85.2%. In Daekwanryong, dry matter yield of white clover was the highest with 5,251kg/ha in Milo of all varieties. Also, dry matter yield of Ladino was the hightest with 9,405kg in Namwon. In Daekwanryong and Namwon, ADF content of Ladino was the lowest with 24.3% and 42.7%, respectively. Also, NDF content of Sonja, Ladino and Rinendel was low when those compared with other varieties. Crude protein content of Seminole in Daekwanryong and Rinendel in Namwon was the highest with 22.2% and 28.4%, respectively. The results of this study indicated that Milo and California Ladino would be the promising varieties of white clover in Daekwanryong and in Namwon. respectively.