• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

One hundred and forty-four cross-bred market pigs weighing approximately 110 kg were randomly divided into four groups in a 2 (handling stress; minimal vs stimulated) ${\times}$ 2 (transport vehicle type; enclosed box vs conventional open) factorial arrangement of treatments. The stimulated handling stress group received overally rough handling including electric prod stimulation during loading, transport and lairage at least once at each step. All the animals received 3-h lairage prior to slaughter. Blood and longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) samples were taken at slaughter and after overnight chilling of the carcass, respectively. Plasma concentrations of stress indicators glucose, cortisol, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were greater in the stimulated vs minimal handling stress group. There were no interactions between the handling stress and transport vehicle type in their effects on these blood variables. The incidence of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) carcass and drip loss of LM, 24-h postmortem LM pH and color including the lightness and redness were not affected by the handling stress and transport vehicle type. In conclusion, results suggest that rough handling inflicts a stimulated stress on the animal, which is manifested by increased blood concentrations of stress indicators, and therefore should be avoided for animal welfare.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2008

Animal welfare advocates, claim that the induced molting by fasting be avoided. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of molting induced by various feeding methods on productivity and egg quality in laying hens. We used 400 flocks of 60-week-old leghorn laying hens in four treatments(five replicates of 20 hens each): fasting method (C), feeding single corn grain diet (T1), feeding single wheat bran diet (T2) and feeding single alfalfa meal diet (T3). As the result of the experiment, egg production and daily egg mass significantly decreased only in T1 compared with the control during the $1{\sim}4th$ week after the secondary egg laying (P<0.05). Although the amount of feed intake was significantly less in T1 group during the $1{\sim}4th$ week compared to the control, no significant difference was detected during the total period (P>0.05). In addition, no significant difference of feed conversion was observed between treatment groups. In terms of egg quality, the egg shell thickness was significantly improved in T1 group than the control group by feeding only corn at the 10th and 14th week after the secondary egg laying (P<0.05), but the significant decrease was observed at the corn (T1) and wheat bran (T2) fed treatment groups than the control group at the 26th week of the experiment (P<0.05). The eggshell strength and haugh unit did not show any difference by the molting methods. Egg yolk color was significantly decreased in T1 and T2 group than the control group at the 6th week (P<0.05). However, T1 and T2 group resulted to show significantly high egg yolk color at the 18th week of the experiment (P<0.05). As the result of the experiment, no large difference was observed in the productivity by the feeding molting method and by the fasting induced molting method. In addition, the single diet fed feeding induced molting method by using alfalfa revealed to show more satisfactory trend than the corn or wheat bran single diet fed feeding induced molting methods even if no statistically significant difference was found in terms of egg productivity.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.54
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• pp.5-33
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• 2003

This study is about the re-validation evaluation of the family Relationship Scale (FRS), developed to measure the family relationship in the social work practice. This study aims at re-validating the FRS, developed and validated in by Yang in 2001 for more general utilization. The sample was married mates and females residing in Seoul. For Face Validity, the content analysis was performed, and the FRS was re-validated in the dimensions of Love & Caring, Acceptance, and Recognition, positive affection, empathy, and autonomy and flexibility for each area. Internal reliability was .93, and internal consistency among three dimensions was 93%. For Empirical Validity, the Construct validity, the Criterion validity, and the Discriminant validity were performed. Construct Validity was validated through factor analyses. Commonalities for the factor analysis was 54%, and the factor loading for each factor was over .45. The confirmative factor analysis also confirmed the fitness of the scale. For Predictive Validity of Criterion Validity, regression analysis showed that the family stress scores became lower as the scores of the family relationship became higher; the discriminant analysis revealed that the family stress turned low ill tile group of high scores of family relationship. The Correlation analysis for Concurrent Validity was performed and the results showed the positive and significant relationship with a couple communication level (r=54) and a parent-child communication level (r=64). Life satisfaction and mental health level also revealed significantly positive correlation to prove Convergent Validity. Physical health level revealed a weak relationship with family relationship providing the evidence of Discriminant Validity. Discriminance was also proved by the analysis of variance with demographics. Thus, Cross Validation was confirmed the validation of the FRS through the various analyses with the married population. This study result improved the validity generalization of the Scale and verify the generalized usage of this sociometric scale in the field of social work practice.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.246-258
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• 2012

This study aims to provide the fundamental data of an efficient grading system after identifying the mediate and moderating effects of self-participation regarding the impact of education service quality on student satisfaction. To achieve the purpose of the study, SPSS 18.0 statistic program was used to conduct the frequency, factor and correlation analysis while targeting 310 students majoring in food service and culinary arts & science in 2 and 4 year universities in Busan area. Specifically, the mediate and moderating effects of self-participation were examined in accordance with three-stage regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis, respectively. The results of analyses suggested that there was the positive correlation between student satisfaction and education service quality, and the student satisfaction was correlated with self-participation in the entire variables, except for the welfare service. The self-participation didn't have any mediate effect, since the ratio of the student satisfaction to the education service quality with self-participation turned out to be p<0.01. The self-participation had moderating effects on student satisfaction, with the $R^2$ being increased by 0.032, from 0.537 to 0.569. However, it was only partial moderating effects because the self-participation, when along with laboratory environment, was not positively effective in terms of the statistic variables.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2841-2846
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• 2016

Background: Tobacco use is the single most important preventable risk factor for cancer. Surveillance of tobacco-related cancers (TRC) is critical for monitoring trends and evaluating tobacco control programmes. We analysed the trends of TRC and evaluated the population-based cancer registry (PBCR) in Delhi for simplicity, comparability, validity, timeliness and representativeness. Materials and Methods: We interviewed key informants, observed registry processes and analysed the PBCR dataset for the period 1988-2009 using the 2009 TRC definition of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We calculated the percentages of morphologically verified cancers, death certificate-only (DCO) cases, missing values of key variables and the time between cancer diagnosis and registration or publication for the year 2009. Results: The number of new cancer cases increased from 5,854 to 15,244 (160%) during 1988-2009. TRC constituted 58% of all cancers among men and 47% among women in 2009. The age-adjusted incidence rates of TRC per 100,000 population increased from 64.2 to 97.3 among men, and from 66.2 to 69.2 among women during 1988-2009. Data on all cancer cases presenting at all major government and private health facilities are actively collected by the PBCR staff using standard paper-based forms. Data abstraction and coding is conducted manually following ICD-10 classifications. Eighty per cent of cases were morphologically verified and 1% were identified by death certificate only. Less than 1% of key variables had missing values. The median time to registration and publishing was 13 and 32 months, respectively. Conclusions: The burden of TRC in Delhi is high and increasing. The Delhi PBCR is well organized and generates high-quality, representative data. However, data could be published earlier if paper-based data are replaced by electronic data abstraction.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.279-294
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• 2024

Agriculture has played a significant role in the national economy, contributing to food security, driving economic growth, and safeguarding the dietary habits of the population. Korean agriculture has been compelled to focus on intensive farming due to its limited cultivation area, excessive input costs, and the limitations of agricultural mechanization. In the Republic of Korea (R.O.K), the concept of environmentally friendly animal agriculture began to be introduced in the early 2000s. This concept ultimately aims to cultivate sustainable animal agriculture (SAA) through environmentally friendly production practices, ensuring the healthy rearing of animals to supply safe animal products. Despite the government's efforts, there are still significant challenges in implementing environmentally friendly agriculture and SAA in the R.O.K. Therefore, the objective of this review is to establish the direction that the animal agriculture sector should take in the era of climate crisis, and to develop effective strategies for SAA tailored to the current situation in the R.O.K by examining the trends in SAA in the U.S. The animal agriculture sector in the U.S. has been working towards creating a SAA system where humans, animals, and the environment can coexist through government initiatives, industry research, technological support, and individual efforts. Efforts have been made to reduce emissions like carbon, and improve factors affecting the environment such as the carbon footprint, odor, and greenhouse gases associated with animal agriculture processes for animals such as cattle and pigs. The transition of the U.S. towards SAA appears to be driven by both external goals related to addressing climate change and the primary objectives of responding to the demand for safe animal products, expanding consumption, and securing competitiveness in overseas export markets. The demand for animal welfare, organic animal products, and processed goods has been increasing in the U.S. consumer market. A major factor in the transformation of the U.S. animal agriculture sector in terms of livestock specifications is attributed to environmentally friendly practices such as high-quality feed, heat stress reduction, improvements in reproductive ability and growth period reduction, and efforts in animal genetic enhancement.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.457-469
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• 2015

This study examines the effects of health-promoting behaviors of grandmothers participating in their infant grandchildren's nurture and provides data for enhancing the quality of their lives. The sample included 218 consenting subjects who understood the purpose of the study. These subjects resided in three cities in Jeollanam-do, Korea, and were grandmothers entrusted by their adult children with a considerable amount of nurturing for their preschool-aged grandchildren under the age of six. First, the subjects scored an average of 3.05 for health-promoting behaviors and 2.42 for entrapment. Second, the entrapment measurement based on general characteristics showed a higher level of entrapment for those with better health, a lower education level, no religion, male grandchildren to nurture, and unsatisfactory compensation. Third, health-promoting behaviors and entrapment (r=-.304) were negatively correlated. Fourth, the analysis results for effects of health-promoting behaviors of grandmothers on entrapment based on general characteristics of grandmothers as a control variable reveal a significant effect of health-promoting behaviors on entrapment. In other words, the greater the employment of health-promoting behaviors, the less likely the entrapment was to be perceived. Fifth, the results for effects of subcriteria for health-promoting behaviors on entrapment reveal a decrease in entrapment when the subjects engaged in an appropriate level of physical activity with a relaxed state of mind. These results suggest that health-promoting behaviors of grandmothers participating in their infant grandchildren's nurture are likely to influence entrapment and thus that grandmothers should make efforts to actively engage in health-promoting behaviors to reduce any maladaptive effects on nurturing. Social support and related programs should be fostered to enable grandmothers to better practice health-promoting behaviors while nurturing their grandchildren.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.30.1-30.10
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• 2018

Background: The poultry industry suffers losses from problems as pale, soft and exudative (PSE), and dark, firm and dry (DFD) meat can develop in meat as a result of short- and long-term stress, respectively. These abnormalities are impacted by pre-slaughter animal welfare. Methods: This work evaluated the effects of open vehicle container microclimate, throughout the $38{\pm}10km$ journey from the farm to the slaughterhouse, on commercially turkey transported during the Brazilian winter season. The journey was initiated immediately after water bath in truck fitted with portable Kestrel anemometers to measure air ventilation, relative humidity, temperature and ventilation. Results: The inferior compartments of the middle and rear truck regions showed highest temperature and relative humidity, and lower air ventilation. In addition, the superior compartments of the front truck regions presented lower temperature and wind chill, and highest air ventilation. The breast meat samples from animals located at the inferior compartments of the middle and rear truck regions and subjected to with water bath (WiB) treatment presented highest DFD-like and had lowest PSE-like meat incidence than those from animals located at other compartments within the container. Lower incidence of PSE-like meat was observed in birds without water bath (WoB). Conclusions: Assessment on turkeys transported under Brazilian southern winter conditions revealed that breast meat quality can be affected by relative humidity, air ventilation, temperature, and transport under subtropical conditions promoting color abnormalities and the formation of simultaneously PSE-like and DFD-like meat.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2020

The purpose of this article is to capture this situation within the changes that take place due to it, inside the Greek society where there is a great need for professional social workers who are able to work targeted and effectively with foreigners, both children and adults, who have or develop mental health problems for the very first time. Over the recent decades the increasing number of migration flows has exerted and continues to exert great pressure on the health system and on the welfare structures of Greece. The bases for the development of a rudimentary reception and integration system that still is in progress have been delayed, while there has been no happy medium, between the enormous pressure that foreigner users of this system put on, and the humanitarian obligation of a well-governed state towards all residents of the country. Straight through everyday clinical practice in the field of intercultural work, social work has the knowledge and techniques for a total management of emerging problems and at the same time provides a value system with an ethical background which approaches refugees and migrants in order to provide quality services, mostly to users of mental health services.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.211-231
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• 2008

In phase 1 of the study, data for the construct and items of KESAS(The Korean Elderly's Successful Aging Scale) were collected by indepth interviews with a purposive sampling group of 25 elderly people and focus group interviews with four groups. Content analysis was applied to the data and from this analysis were emerged six key categories of successful aging. In phase 2 of the study, 78 items were collected from the data of 2 sets of interviews mentioned above. Through pilot test, preliminary 66 items are selected. In phase 3 of the study, 597 cases collected from the survey were divided randomly into 345 developmental samples and 252 validity samples. The items were examined exploratorily with the developmental samples and confirmatorily factor analysis with validity samples. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized six-factor structure of KESAS, which finally resulted in consisting of 31 items. Six factors are as follows: 'autonomous life', 'self-completion orientation', 'positive life participation', 'satisfaction with one's offsprings', 'self-acceptance', 'other-acceptance'. Cronbach's alpha estimate and split-half estimates of the scale were .903 and .845, which confirms that the scale has reliability. This six-factor model exhibited a good fit on the basis of the overall fit measure criteria(TLI=.983, RMSEA=.057) aquired by using the confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, KESAS was significantly related highly(r=.72) to the 'Quality of Life for the Korean Elderly'. This proved concurrent validity of the scale.