• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.95-95
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• 2009

Zinc coatings provide the most effective and economical way of protecting steel against corrosion. There are three types of galvanizing lines typically used in production line in galvanizing industries,Galvanize (GI) coating (Zn-0.1-0.3%Al), Galfan coating (Zn-5%Al), Galvalume(GL) coating (45%Zn-Al). In continuous Galvanizing lines, the immersed bath hardware (e.g. bearings, sink, stabilizer, and corrector rolls, and also support roll arms and snout tip) are subjected to corrosion and wear failure. Understanding the reaction of these materials with the molten Zn alloy is becomes scientific and commercial interest. To investigate the reaction with molten Zn alloys, static immersion test performed for 4, 8, 16, and 24 Hr. Two different baths used for the static immersion, which are molten Zn and molten Zn-55%Al. Microstructures characterization of each of the materials and intermetallic layer formed in the reaction zone was performed using optical microscope, SEM and EDS. The thickness of the reaction layer is examined using image analysis to determine the kinetics of the reaction. The phase dominated by two distinct phase which are eutectic carbide and matrix. The morphology of the intermetallic phase formed by molten Zn is discrete phase showing high dissolution of the material, and the intermetallic phase formed by Zn-55wt%Al is continuous. Aluminum reacts readily with the materials compare to Zinc, forming iron aluminide intermetallic layer ($Fe_2Al_5$) at the interface and leaving zinc behind.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2010

The specific motivation for joining an Al alloy and Zn-coated steel arises from the need to save fuel consumption by weight reduction and to enhance the durability of vehicle structures in the automobile industry. In this study, the lap joining A6K31 Al alloy (top) and SGARC340 Zn-coated steel (bottom) sheets with a thickness of 1.0 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively, was carried out using the friction stir weld (FSW) technique. The probe of a tool did not contact the surface of the lower Zn-coated steel sheet. The friction stir welding was carried out at rotation speeds of 1500 rpm and travel speeds of 80~200 mm/min. The effects of tool geometry and welding speed on the mechanical properties and the structure of a joint were investigated. The tensile properties for the joints welded with a larger tool were better than those for the joints done with a smaller tool. A good correlation between the tensile load and area of the welded region were observed. The bond strength using a larger tool (M4 and M3) decreased with an increase in welding speed. Most fractures occurred along the interface between the Zn-coated steel and the Al alloy. However, in certain conditions with a lower welding speed, fractures occurred at the A6K31 Al alloy.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1090-1096
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• 2010

This pitting corrosion study of welded joints of austenitic stainless steels (AISI 304L and 316L) has addressed the differentiating solidification mode using three newly introduced filler wires with a flux-cored arc welding process (FCAW). The delta ferrite (${\delta}$-ferrite) content in the welded metals increased with an increasing equivalent weight ratio of chromium/nickel ($Cr_{eq}/Ni_{eq}$). Ductility dip cracking (DDC) was observed in the welded metal containing ferrite with none of AISI 304L and 0.1% of AISI 316L. The potentiodynamic anodic polarization results revealed that the $Cr_{eq}/Ni_{eq}$ ratio in a 3.5% NaCl solution didn't much affect the pitting potential ($E_{pit}$). The AISI 316L welded metals with ${\ddot{a}}$-ferrite content of over 10% had a superior $E_{pit}$ value. Though the AISI 316L welded metal with 0.1% ferrite had larger molybdenum contents than AISI 304L specimens, it showed a similar $E_{pit}$ value because the concentration of chloride ions and the corrosion product induced severe damage near the DDC.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2001

선체 구조에서 피로 손상을 받기 쉬운 용접 부위인 T형 이음부(T-joint) 및 호퍼 너클 이음부(hopper knuckle joint) 모델의 피로실험 및 선형탄성 파괴역학을 이용한 피로균열 진전해석을 수행하였다. 집중 응력(hot spot stress)을 적용하여 정의된 균열 개시수명(균열 깊이 1mm)을 기준으로 하는 통합된 S-N선도를 작성하였으며, 잔류응력을 고려한 피로균열 진전해석을 통하여 피로균열 진전수명을 정확히 예측할 수 있었다. 또한, 임의의 형상을 가지는 용접 이음부(weld joint)의 피로균열 진전수명에 대한 정량화의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.3003-3011
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• 2021

A FAC (flow-accelerated corrosion) test was performed for a straight pipe composed of the SA335 Gr P22 and SA106 Gr B (SA106-SA335-SA106) types of steel with welds as a function of the flow rate in the range of 7-12 m/s at 150 ℃ and with DO < 5 ppb at pH levels ranging from 7 to 9.5 up to a cumulative test time of 7200 h using the FAC demonstration test facility. Afterward, the experimental pipe was examined destructively to investigate opposite effects as well as entrance effects. In addition, the FAC rate obtained using a pipe specimen with a 50 mm inner diameter was compared with the rate obtained from a rotating cylindrical electrode. The effects of the complicated fluid flows at the elbow and orifice of the pipeline were also evaluated using another test section designed to examine the independent effects of the orifice and the elbow depending on the distance and the combined effects on orifice and elbow. The tests were performed under the following conditions: 130-150 ℃, DO < 5 ppb, pH 7 and a flow rate of 3 m/s. The FAC rate was determined using the thickness change obtained from commercial room-temperature ultrasonic testing (UT).

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.731-739
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• 2021

이 연구는 산업현장에서 구조물의 용접부 검사를 디지털 방사선을 이용한 비파괴검사를 효과적으로 수행할 수 있도록 디지털 방사선의 밝기 교정과 중첩 영상에 따른 신호 대 잡음 비와 기본 공간 분해능을 비교분석 하였다. 평판형 용접 시험편을 대상으로 ⁷⁵Se 방사선원을 사용하였고 촬영 전 밝기 교정과 영상 중첩을 세분화하여 총 130장의 영상을 획득하였다. 연구 결과, 밝기 교정의 수와 영상 중첩의 수가 증가할수록 신호 대 잡음 비가 향상됨을 확인하였다. 기본 공간 분해능은 촬영된 영상 모두 기준치를 만족하였다. 산란 방사선을 대비한 납 차폐를 설치 후 촬영한 영상을 비교하여 신호 대 잡음 비가 비슷함을 확인하였다. 영상 중첩이 증가할수록 신호 대 잡음 비가 증가하지만, 방사선의 노출시간이 증가하면서 작업자의 피폭 및 작업 효율에 영향을 미치기 때문에 적절한 촬영기법을 강구 한다면 좋은 상질의 디지털 방사선 영상을 획득 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2019

In the current steel structures of high-rise buildings, high heat input welding techniques are used to improve productivity in the construction industry. Under the high heat input welding, however, the microstructures of the weld metal (WM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) coarsen, resulting in the deterioration of impact toughness. This study focuses mainly on the effects of fine TiN precipitates dispersed in steel plates and B addition in welding materials on grain refinement of the HAZ microstructure under submerged arc welding (SAW) with a high heat input of 200 kJ/cm. The study reveals that, different from that in conventional steel, the ${\gamma}$ grain coarsening is notably retarded in the coarse grain HAZ (CGHAZ) of a newly developed steel with TiN precipitates below 70 nm in size even under the high heat input welding, and the refinement of HAZ microstructure is confirmed to have improved impact toughness. Furthermore, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses demonstrate that B is was identified at the interface of TiN in CGHAZ. It is likely that B atoms in the WM are diffused to CGHAZ and are segregated at the outer part of undissolved TiN, which contributes partly to a further grain refinement, and consequently, improved mechanical properties are achieved.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2018

Austenitic stainless steels used in nuclear power plants mainly use pipes made of seamless pipes, which depend on imports. The manufacturing process and high cost are some of the problems associated with seamless pipes. Therefore, in this study, the corrosion characteristics of the seamless pipe and the SAW pipe were assessed to determine the safety and reliability of the SAW pipe in a bid to replace the seamless pipe. Microstructure was analyzed using an optical microscope and the degree of hardness was measured using a Rockwell B scale. Intergranular corrosion resistance was evaluated by ASTM A262 Practice A, C, and E methods. The degree of sensitization was determined using a DL-EPR test. Anodic polarization test was performed in deaerated 1% NaCl solution at $30^{\circ}C$ and the U-bend method was used to evaluate the SCC resistance in 0.01 M $Na_2S_4O_6$ at $340^{\circ}C$ and 40% NaOH solution at $290^{\circ}C$. Weld metal of the SAW pipe specimen showed relatively high degree of sensitization and intergranular corrosion rate. However, annealing to SAW pipes improved the corrosion properties in comparison to that of the seamless pipe.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.479-481
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• 2019

최근, 가상현실(VR) 기술을 이용하여 다양한 산업 분야의 훈련 시스템을 제작하여 교육에 널리 활용하고 있다. 가상현실 기반 훈련 시스템은 안전할 뿐만 아니라 재료의 낭비도 없고, 언제 어디서든 실습을 해 볼 수가 있어서 여러 가지 장점이 있다. 예를 들면, 가상현실 용접 훈련 시뮬레이션 시스템은 몰입형 환경에서 철판 모재의 접합을 실제와 같이 수행할 수 있어서 현장 작업자 및 신입 교육 훈련에 널리 쓰이고 있다. 이 때 철판 모재 접합을 사실적으로 표현하는 것이 훈련의 효과를 극대화하기 위해 중요하지만 기존의 기술로는 접합의 효과를 자연스럽게 표현하기에는 한계가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 용접 훈련 시스템을 구축하기 위해 접합 효과를 쉐이더 기반으로 표현하는 방법을 경험 DB와 수학적 모델 기반으로 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구 논문의 결과를 용접 훈련 시스템에 적용하면 철판 모재의 접합 가시화를 사용자에게 정밀도 높게 제공하여 용접 훈련 효과를 보다 향상하는데 도움을 줄 수 있겠다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2019

This paper describes an experimental study of steel beam-column connections with or without expanded beam flanges with different geometries. The objectives of this study are to elucidate the cyclic behavior of these connections, identify the location of the plastic hinge zone, and provide useful test data for future numerical simulations. Five connection specimens are designed and tested under cyclic load. The test setup consists of a beam and a column connected together by a connection with or without expanded beam flanges. A constant axial force is applied to the column and a time varying point load is applied to the free end of the beam, inducing shear and moment in the connection. Because the only effect to be studied in the present work is the expanded beam flange, the sizes of the beam and column as well as the magnitude of the axial force in the column are kept constant. However, the length, width and shape of the expanded beam flanges are varied. The responses of these connections in terms of their hysteretic behavior, failure modes, stiffness degradation and strain variations are experimentally obtained and discussed. The test results show that while the influence of the expanded beam flanges on hysteretic behavior, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity of the connection is relatively minor, the size of the expanded beam flanges does affect the location of the plastic hinge zone and strain variations in these beam-column joints. Furthermore, in terms of ductility, moment and rotational capacities, all five connections behave well. No weld fracture or premature failure occurs before the formation of a plastic hinge in the beam.