• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.670-676
• /
• 2001

Effect of the butanol fraction of Astragali Radix (BFAR) on the humoral immune response were investigated in ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups and BFAR at doses of 5,25 and 125 mg/kg were administered orally to mice daily for 3 weeks, and the normal animals were given vehicle. The results of this study are summarized as follows; the relative weight of spleen was markedly increased by BFAR treatment, compared with that in normal mice. However, the body weight gain and the relative weight of liver were not affected. Splenic plaque forming cells and hemagglutination titers to sheep red blood cells, and the secondary IgG antibody response to bovine serum albumin were also dose-dependently enhanced by BFAR treatment. In these mice, BFAR did not increase serum alanine aminotransferase total protein, sect albumin and albumin/globulin ratio when compared with those in normal mice. Thus, these findings indicate that BFAR significantly enhances humoral immune response to antigen in concentrations that do not affected liver function.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1999.07g
• /
• pp.3048-3050
• /
• 1999

This paper suggests a position estimating algorithm using mono vision system with projective geometry method. Generally, 3-D information can not be easily extracted from mono vision system which is taken by a camera at a specific point. But this defect is overcome by adopting model-based image analysis and selecting lines and points on the ground as natural landmarks. And this paper suggests a method that estimates position from many natural landmarks by distance error weight function.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2019

Ant colony optimization(ACO) technique is utilized in truss size optimization with frequency constraints. Total weight of truss to be minimized is considered as the objective function and multiple natural frequencies are adopted as constraints. The modified traveling salesman problem(TSP) is adopted and total length of the TSP tour is interpreted as the weight of the structure. The present ACO-based design optimization procedure uses discrete design variables and the penalty function is introduced to enforce design constraints during optimization process. Three numerical examples are carried out to verify the capability of ACO in truss optimization with frequency constraints. From numerical results, the present ACO is a very effective way of finding optimum design of truss structures in free vibration. Finally, we provide the present numerical results as future reference solutions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.238-246
• /
• 2019

Background: In South Korea, as an aged society, an understanding of dementia and its risk factors is important from clinical and healthcare policy perspectives. Relationship between cognitive impairment and body weight or weight changes have been reported, but these were contradictory. We have evaluated the association between weight changes and cognitive decline using national level longitudinal data. Methods: Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing from 2006 to 2012 were used. Association between weight changes and decline in cognitive function as measured by K-MMSE (the Korean version of the Mini-mental state examination) score was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Weight changes were calculated from 1st wave and 3rd wave survey data, and classified into five groups as stable, increases, decreases of >10%, or 5%-10%. Results: About 37% of the total participants (n=4,512) were 65 years or older. These participants made up the largest proportion of the groups with weight change exceeding 10%. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that weight changes exceeding 10% (10% increase vs stable, adjusted OR [aOR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.95; 10% decrease vs stable, aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.11-1.88) were significant predictive factors for decline in cognitive function. In subgroup analyses, the association between weight changes and cognitive decline was significant in males aged over 65 years and in normal BMI groups. Conclusion: Weight changes, both increases and decreases exceeding 10% of baseline, were significantly associated with declines in cognitive function among older adults in South Korea.

• Korean journal of health promotion
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.91-95
• /
• 2019

Background: Obesity and deterioration of pulmonary function are known to increase all-cause mortality and morbidity associated with chronic diseases. Obesity is a known risk factor for decreasing pulmonary function; however, studies on the effect of changes in body weight or body mass index (BMI) on pulmonary function are rare. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the change in body weight or BMI and the pulmonary function test (PFT) in Koreans who underwent consecutive screening at a health promotion center. Methods: We enrolled 5,032 patients who underwent consecutive screening health check-ups at a health promotion center in 2015 and 2017. The BMI was calculated as the body weight (kg) divided by the square of the height (m²) in 2015 and 2017. We analyzed the association between the change in body weight or BMI and PFT. Results: In males, PFT and changes in body weight were associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) but not with changes in BMI. In females, FEV₁/forced vital capacity and forced expiratory flow between 25-75% of vital capacity (FEF_25-75%) were significantly associated with the changes in body weight and BMI. A correlation analysis between body weight and BMI showed a negative correlation with FEF_25-75% in males. In females, FEV₁/FVC and FEF_25-75% were negatively correlated. Conclusions: We observed that the increase in body weight and BMI was significantly associated with pulmonary function. This finding suggests that careful monitoring of body weight and BMI may aid in maintaining proper pulmonary function, thereby, reducing mortality and morbidity.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.579-585
• /
• 2012

Let D be a finite digraph with the vertex set V(D) and arc set A(D). A two-valued function $f:V(D){\rightarrow}\{-1,\;1\}$ defined on the vertices of a digraph D is called a signed 2-independence function if $f(N^-[v]){\leq}1$ for every $v$ in D. The weight of a signed 2-independence function is $f(V(D))=\sum\limits_{v{\in}V(D)}\;f(v)$. The maximum weight of a signed 2-independence function of D is the signed 2-independence number ${\alpha}_s{^2}(D)$ of D. Recently, Volkmann [3] began to investigate this parameter in digraphs and presented some upper bounds on ${\alpha}_{s}^{2}(D)$ for general digraph D. In this paper, we improve upper bounds on ${\alpha}_s{^2}(D)$ given by Volkmann [3].

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
• /
• v.28A no.10
• /
• pp.847-854
• /
• 1991

This paper presents a new output phase assignment algorithm which determines the phases of all the nodes in a given boolean network. An estimation function is defined, which is represented by the relation between the literals in the given function expression. A weight function, WT (fi, fj) is defined, which is represented by approximate amount of common subexpression between function fi and fj. Common Subexpression Graph(CSG) is generated for phase selection by the weight function between all given functions. We propose a heuristic algorithm finding subgraph of which sum of weights has maximum by assigning phases into the given functions. The experiments with MCNC benchmarks show the efficiency of the proposed method.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.189-200
• /
• 1996

In this paper, we compared the performance of the Kaiser window with those of others as a weight function of well known anodization technique for regression of side lobe in a field pattern resulted from focusing of transducer array. The Kaiser window is an window providing many types of curve with several variables. In order to compare performance of the Kaiser window as the weight function, anodization results of the previously used Hamming window function and the Matched Gaussian function are compared Result of computer simulation, the pertormance of Kaiser window with $\delta$=0.0025 in side lobe regression was better than that of Hamming window or Matched Gausian function.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.355-360
• /
• 2014

Let D be a finite digraph with the vertex set V (D) and the arc set A(D). A function f : $V(D){\rightarrow}\{-1,\;1\}$ defined on the vertices of a digraph D is called a bad function if $f(N^-(v)){\leq}1$ for every v in D. The weight of a bad function is $f(V(D))=\sum\limits_{v{\in}V(D)}f(v)$. The maximum weight of a bad function of D is the the negative decision number ${\beta}_D(D)$ of D. Wang [4] studied several sharp upper bounds of this number for an undirected graph. In this paper, we study sharp upper bounds of the negative decision number ${\beta}_D(D)$ of for a digraph D.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2001

This study intends to reduce the weight of structure without changing the dynamic characteristics. At first, the Vibration analyses by the Substructure Synthesis Method and FEM using the ANSYS are performed for the engine speed converter to confirm the reliability of the analyzing tools. Weight minimization is performed by the Sensitivity Analysis and the Optimum Structural Modification. To decrease the converter weight ideally, the parts with low sensitivity are to be cut mainly, and the changing quantity of the natural frequency by the cut is to be recovered by the weight modification of the parts with high sensitivity. As the unique mathematical solution for the homogeneous problem( i.e. 0 object function problem) does not exist, the converter is redesigned with much thinner initial thickness. The goal of this study is to recover the dynamic characteristics of redesigned structure to those of the original one. To say in the other words, the modified structure has the same dynamic characteristics and the more lighter weight to compare with the original one. In this analysis, the modification was performed with the redesigned initial thickness of 60 mm and 70 mm. And the numbers of the interesting natural frequencies are 1, 2, 4 respectively. Consequently 27％ of weight reduction effects were earned.