• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on antioxidative defense system of liver in acute cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to one control and three cadmium injected groups. Cadmium injected groups were fed vitamin E free diet(OE-Cd group), 40mg vitamin E per kg diet(40E-Cd group) or 400 mg vitamin E per kg diet(400E-Cd group). Vitamin E level of normal group was 40mg per kg diet. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 2.0mg Cd$^2$$\^$+//kg bw for 4 days after the rats were fed diets with three different levels of vitamin E for 2 and 4weeks. Activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) were decreased in cadmium injected groups but those were significantly improved by dietary vitamin I supplementations. Vitamin E contents reduced glutathione(GSH) in the live were decreased in cadmium injected groups, but we., not significantly different among three groups with different levels of vitamin E supplementations. Contents of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) of 0E-Cd group were higher than those of 400E-Cd and 400E-Cd groups, but those were markedly alleviated according to vitamin E supplementations. These results indicate that cadmium poisoning in rats causes decreasing antioxidative defense system and increasing peroxidative damage in liver, however can be restored by vitamin E supplements. (Korean J Nutrition 33 (1) : 33-41, 2000)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.990-996
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Forsythia viridissima Lindl. (FVL) on antioxidative defense system and lipid peroxidation of liver in rats fed high-cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10 g were randomly assigned into five experimental groups fed 0.5％ cholesterol ; HC group which was not supplemented FVL extract, 0.05％ methanol extract diet group (MSI group), 0.1％ methanol extract diet group (MS2 group), 0.025％ ethylacetate-souble fraction diet group (ES1 group) and 0.05％ ethylacetate-souble fraction diet group (ES2 group). Experimental diets were fed ad libitum to the rats for 3 weeks. The hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in the MS2 group was decreased to 20％ as compared to HC group. The activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were not significantly different among all the high cholesterol diet groups. The hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity in MS2, ES2 groups were significantly increased as compared to HC group. The hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the MS2 group was increased to 20％ as compared to HC group. The levels of hepatic TBARS in the MS1, MS2, ES1 and ES2 groups were reduced by 13％, 21％, 13％ and 21％, respectively, as compared with HC group. The contents of lipofuscin in liver tissue was not significantly different among all the experimental groups. The results indicate that FVL extract may reduce oxidative damage by activating antioxidative defense system of liver in rats fed high-cholesterol diets.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1903-1907
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• 2013

Heart condition should be observed for long periods of time because it does not appear abnormal all the time. However, there are many difficulties checking our health for a long time due to its size, operation of equipment, and cost. To solve these problems, an electrocardiograms(ECG), specially interfacing three gel-less metal electrodes for low cost portable applications, is designed and implemented. Gel-less metal electrodes are used for ECG monitoring system instead of gel-type electrodes that can cause skin rashes and itching problem. The whole ECG system consists of two parts-analog and digital circuits. The analog measurement circuit that has a 18*25mm size is made up of op-amps maintaining a sufficiently high common-mode noise rejection and passive elements of SMD type. Analog heart signal is converted to digital stream suitable for display on a TFT-LCD by an 8-bit microcontroller. The size of the completed ECG system is 25*80*50mm and its weighing is about 150g, which is small enough to be easily used. Therefore, the implemented ECG system can be used as a portable one.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.4C
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• pp.307-312
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• 2012

In this paper, we perform a complexity analysis for implementation of the ISO/IEEE 11073 Personal Health Device (PHD) standards in order to check the required system resources when ISO/IEEE 11073 PHD standards are implemented on the embedded system. Base on the implemented programs complying the PHD standards for a weighing scale, a blood pressure monitor, and a glucose meter among the various personal health devices, we make a pseudo-code. And then from the two different points of view such as program memory space and data memory space, we make a complexity analysis model. Because system resources or capability are strongly restricted in the personal health devices, our research work is very useful to estimate the required system resources.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.147-156
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• 2023

Electronic voting machines (EVMs) are replacing research ballots due to the errors involved in the manual counting process and the lengthy time required to count the votes. Even though these digital recording electronic systems are advancements, they are vulnerable to tampering and electoral fraud. The suspected vulnerabilities in EVMs are the possibility of tampering with the EVM's memory chip or replacing it with a fake one, their simplicity, which allows them to be tampered with without requiring much skill, and the possibility of double voting. The vote data is shared among all network devices, and peer-to-peer verification is performed to ensure the vote data's authenticity. To successfully tamper with the system, all of the data stored in the nodes must be changed. This improves the proposed system's efficiency and dependability. Elections and voting are fundamental components of a democratic system. Various attempts have been made to make modern elections more flexible by utilizing digital technologies. The fundamental characteristics of free and fair elections are intractability, immutability, transparency, and the privacy of the actors involved. This corresponds to a few of the many characteristics of blockchain-like decentralized ownership, such as chain immutability, anonymity, and distributed ledger. This working research attempts to conduct a comparative analysis of various blockchain technologies in development and propose a 'Blockchain-based Electronic Voting System' solution by weighing these technologies based on the need for the proposed solution. The primary goal of this research is to present a robust blockchain-based election mechanism that is not only reliable but also adaptable to current needs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2020

In March 2016, a 6.67-ton fishing boat capsized owing to the loss of stability during crane operations. Capsizing occurs when a boat or ship is flipped over (or turned upside down) for reason other than accidents caused by collisions, contact, stranding, fire or explosion. Over the past nine years (2010-2018), capsize accidents have accounted for 2.34 % of all marine accidents and are gradually increasing. The loss of stability from improper shipping is the main cause of most capsizes, especially for small fishing vessels weighing 10 tons. According to the Fishing Vessel Act, small fishing vessels weighing less than a ton are exempted from inspections on stability and load cranes. This study analyzes the issue cited as the reason for the capsizing of the small fishing boat in Goseong, namely, the reduction of restoring moment due to increased weight of the crane. Fishing boats with similar loading conditions were modeled on the basis of re-determination, and their stability before and after the accident was assumed. The fishing boats with heavier cranes were found to be at higher risk of capsizing owing to the reduction of the restoring moment and the angle of deck immersion. Under standard loading conditions, the stability moments of fishing vessels are lesser during fishing, compared to when they depart from or arrive at the port.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.279-291
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate appropriate weight for aged farmers in manually handling livestock feed in bags using ergonomic methods. Background: In the livestock industry in South Korea, despite the trend of aging of labor manpower, heavy items are still manually handled in many farms. In particular, among stockbreeding works, the handling of feed in bags weighing 25~30kg is reported as a cause of frequent injuries and musculoskeletal system diseases. However, studies on the standard for recommended weight allowed considering the physical characteristics of aged farmers older than 60 years with greatly decreased physical strength and muscle strength are insufficient. Method: To evaluate appropriate weight for handling of heavy livestock feed in bags, physical techniques for measuring recognized levels of physical work loads, the NLE (NIOSH lifting equation) a method that is an observation type technique, and an ergonomic modeling technique to predict compressive force imposed on L5/S1 were used. Subjects who participated in the experiment were organized into two groups of males/females with mean age exceeding 60 years, and lifting tasks were evaluated for nine weight levels. Results: Based on the results of psychophysical measurement, females showed a tendency of more drastic increases compared to males when weight was over 19kg. The results of estimation of regression models for the weight, 18.0 kg ($r^2=0.97$) and 15.3kg ($r^2=0.97$) were evaluated as stable load for males and females, respectively. In addition, both the observation type evaluation and ergonomic model evaluation showed stable loads in a range of 15~18kg. Conclusion: Given the results of the study, the weight of the feed in bags currently distributed to farms can become a cause of not only overexertion but also farm work related disasters such as musculoskeletal disorders and safety accidents. Providing livestock feed in bags weighing not more than 19kg for aged farmers is judged desirable, and managerial improvement for this matter is considered necessary. Application: The results of the present study can be utilized as useful data for institutional improvement of the weight of livestock feed in bags.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.05
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• pp.199-202
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• 1996

Artificial hearts are intended for use in patients with severe forms of heart disease for which no surgical repair is possible. The moving-actuator pump was developed to decrease the overall volume size of the electromechanical total artificial heart (TAH) by eliminating the occupied space of the fixed-actuator in the conventional pusher-plate type pump. In our pump, the actuator moves back and forth for alternative ejections of left and right ventricles. The problem of fitting the TAH to atrial remnants and arterial vessels could also be improved by circular or penduluous mot ion of the actuator instead of linear mot ion of the pusher-plate in the conventional pumps. We have evaluated two types of moving- actuator pump; one is a rolling cylinder type, and the other a pendulum type pump. In the rolling cylinder pump, frictional energy loss exists between the pump housing's guide bars and the actuator's end caps, while the bottom rack under the cylindrical actuator increases the height of the pump, the pump is therefor not implantable inside the small chest of human-sized animals with a body weight of less than 70kg. The new human type pump has a penduluous mot ion actuator to correct the above problems while maintaining the advantage of the moving- actuator's small total volume. The totally implantable TAH is composed of a blood pump, a control system and pheriperal equipments. The blood pump, which is constructed by a moving actuator, a right and left blood sac, and four artificial valves, is implanted in the thoracic. In 1988, the first implantation of the rolling cylinder TAH was performed into a female calf weighing 100kg, and the cal f recovered to the degree of voluntary standing and eat ing and survived to 100 hrs. We then survived two female sheep weighing about 63kg with the new human type TAH for three days.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.239-244
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• 2009

The gridless (or meshfree) methods, such as MPS, SPH, FPM an so forth, are feasible and robust for the problems with moving boundary and/or complicated boundary shapes, because these methods do not need to generate a grid system. In this study, a gridless solver, which is based on the combination of moving least square interpolations on a cloud of points with point collocation for evaluating the derivatives of governing equations, is presented for two-dimensional unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes problem in the low Reynolds number. A MAC-type algorithm was adopted and the Poission equation for the pressure was solved by successively in the moving least square sense. Some weighing functions were tested in order to investigate the up-winding effect for the convection term. Some typical problems were solved by the presented solver for the validation and the results obtained were compared with analytic solutions and the numerical results by conventional CFD methods, such as FVM.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.17 no.6 s.79
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• pp.727-736
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• 2005

This study presents a method of determining the optimum cable tension forces for the proper initial equilibrium state of a cable-stayed bridge using the least square method. The proposed method minimizes the errors, i.e., the differences, such as the deflection and the moments of the girder and the tower, between the target values from a continuous beam by considering the cable anchor point as supports of the girder and the responses obtained from the analysis of the entire cable-stayed bridge system. Especially, the proposed method can selectively control the adjustment of the tower moment, the girder moment, and the deflections by introducing the weighing matrix. Through numerical analysis and comparisons with existing studies, the usefulness and validity of the proposed method was verified.