• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.10-22
• /
• 2016

Objectives This study is to analyze current guidelines for health check-ups in infants and children, and to develop better guidelines based on oriental medicine. Methods We analyzed The Manual of 2015's Health Examination for Infants and Children which is a Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST). The statistics from the test was collected from 2010 to 2014 to figure out the problems of Health Examinations for Infants and Children. 20 articles from 2000 to 2014 from RISS, NDSL were also analyzed. Results The current guidelines for health examinations in infants and children didn't include major pediatric diseases such as allergy and asthma. Also, the pediatrics health education materials were mainly focused on hypernutrition but not so much on nutrition deficiency. The number of the centers for Health Examinations for Infants and Children was 52.2% of the number of NIP-Participating medical institutions for infants and children. Conclusions Oriental medicine can be useful to prevent major pediatric diseases and to promote general health in pediatrics. By legislating 'Geon-a-beop', which is a law for infants and children, we can increase the number of medical centers for infants and children to get health check-ups. Currently, there are 9,769 Korean medical institutions, and the rate of traditional medical doctors of public health doctors was 25.5%. Weak Children Questionnaire is developed, considered to be more useful when it is developed with 5-point scale rather than 2.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.189-212
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate how parental childrearing behavior and children's sibling relationships are related to children's self-esteem. 440 middle class families consisting of two children and their parents were the subjects of this study. The research instruments included a childrearing behavior questionnaire, the Sibling Relationships Questionnaire (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985), and the Self-Perception Profile for Children (Harter, 1985). Analyses of the data included correlation analysis, canonical correlation, regression, stepwise multiple regression, and MANOVA with stepwise discriminant analysis as the follow-up test. The most powerful predictors of children's self-esteem were the Warmth-Acceptance of childrearing behavior and the Warmth-Closeness of sibling relationships. The self-esteem dimension was best predicted by parental childrearing behavior and by children's sibling relationships was Global Self-Worth. Behavioral Conduct was best predicted by the Rejection-Restriction factor of childrearing, and by Conflict (for boys) and Rivalry (for girls) factors of sibling relationships. Children's self-esteem was related more strongly to the Warmth-Acceptance and the Rejection-Restriction of opposite-sex parents. The effects of Permissiveness-Nonintervention were stronger in same-sex parent-child dyads. Parental childrearing behaviors accounted for boy's self-esteem better than girl's with the exception of Behavioral Conduct. Sibling relationships accounted for girl's self-esteem better than boy's. The $2{\times}2$ MANOVA revealed interaction effects of parental childrearing behaviors and sibling relationships on children's self-esteem. Two factors of Rivalry and Conflict in sibling relationships and all three factors of childrearing behaviors showed significant interaction effects, The childrearing factor of Permissiveness-Nonintervention and the sibling factor of Rivalry, which were relatively weak predictors of self-esteem when acting alone, gained power in explaining children's self-esteem within the interactional context.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.151-159
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate eating behaviors of preschool children for development their snack. Eating habit, preference and nutritional state were investigated using a questionnaire answered by teachers of day-care centers, 548 preschool children(aged 4 to 6 years old) and their mothers. It was found that 93.6% of subjects thought children need to eat snacks not only at day-care center but also at home. For children, snacks clearly played an important role in dietary nutritional intake The frequency and rate of consuming Milk as snack were high$(1.51\;times\;per\;a\;day,\;459.8{\mu}l)$, 53.2% of calcium intake from Milk. The most favorite snack foods of children were fresh fruits, milk, yoghurt, juice. The correlation between frequency of eating food as snack and children's preference for food was low; because choosing food as children's snack was not by themselves but by their mothers and teachers, and variety of food(a taste, kinds) as snack was very weak. Subjects showed rather dissatisfactory view about commercial snack, and wanted new development of nutritionally balanced and natural-tasted snack for preschool children; they preferred dducks, biscuits and snacks as the form of newly-developed snack for preschool children.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.260-264
• /
• 2003

The growing concern for poor dietary habits among adolescents has prompted many researcher to study the adolescents' knowledge and beliefs on a number of nutrition-related issues. Following that precedent, this study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition knowledge of a sample of adolescents in a middle school in Ohio. The participants were 532 students in the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades between the ages of 11 and 13 from Shawnee Middle School in Lima, Ohio. The students were asked to answer a questionnaire CANKAP (Comprehensive Assessment of Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices), which measured their nutrition knowledge. The CANKAP questionnaire consisted of 20 questions for sixth grade students and 25 questions for seventh and eighth grade students. Also, the participants were asked to identify their gender. According to the result, nutrition knowledge of middle school children was weak. The findings indicated that females had higher mean nutrition knowledge scores than boys in the seventh and eighth grades. There was no significant difference in the mean value of nutrition knowledge between sixth grade boys and girls.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.146-153
• /
• 2021

Background: Researchers have previously commenced examining the degree of concordance between parent proxy and child self-reports on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of many disease and impairment populations. Objects: To explore the differences between parent proxy and child self-reports on the HRQOL using Korean version of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires for applying to elementary school children and their parents who participated for a school-based wellness program. Methods: The focus groups were recruited for a school-based wellness program by implementing the following wellness services: 1) referring to a screening session for detecting potential posture-related musculoskeletal problems and 2) recommending home exercise programs. Before a primary field testing for the program, two focus groups were formed with a group of 9 parents and their 9 elementary school children aged 8-10 years of age. The parent proxy and child self-report versions of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires were administered to both groups after completion of the wellness program. Item level Rasch rating scale analysis was applied to compute logit scales of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and scatterplot of item difficulty between two reports were analyzed. Results: For fit statistics of parent proxy report, all items except 4 items (i.e., psychological well-being, mood/emotions, self-perception, parent relation) were found to be acceptable. For fit statistics of child self-report, all items except 3 items (i.e., psychological well-being, autonomy and home life) were acceptable. The relationship between two reports using ICCs were ranging from weak to very strong at p = 0.05 (i.e, ICCs = 0.011 to 0.905). Scatterplot analysis between two reports showed a major disparity on self-perception item at 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: Both item level analyses and ICC comparisons provided a disparity between parent proxy and child self-reports of the HRQOL on self-perception item after competing a school-based wellness program. Therapist should consider the item as part of the HRQOL assessment.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2007

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate how willingness to have an additional childbirth was related to mother's general characteristics and various reasons for avoiding an additional childbirth. Methods: By using organized questionnaire, we had face-to-face interviews with 722 mothers who had 12 to 36 months child in a urban-rural area of Chungcheongnam-do from 14 February to 19 February in 2005. Questionnaires included general characteristics composed of age, monthly income, number of children, major carers and mother's job status, and 6 reasons for avoiding an additional childbirth. We performed chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Of 722 mothers, 66.5% had no willingness to have an additional childbirth. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, old age of mother(95% CI of OR: 1.084-1.190), two or more children(95% CI of OR: 6.97-15.602) and weak norm about need for a child(95% CI of OR: 1.633-29.352) were independent related factors with willingness to have an additional childbirth. Conclusions: In our study, 2/3 women who already had children were appeared to have no willingness to have additional childbirth. Policies about family planning and controlling birth rate should be focused on eliminating barrier to additional childbirths.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2018

Objectives : The prevalence of infertility is reported to be 23.3%, which is a serious social problem. Habitual abortion is one of the important complications during pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to help the treatment of habitual abortion by observing and reporting the process in which four women who did not have children due to habitual abortion make healthy birth through treatment. Methods : We administered Jokyungjongok-tang gamibang as a herbal medicine treatment method and treated with acupuncture, moxibustion and uterine steam treatment. Treatment was done once or twice a week but it was also varied depending on the patient's circumstances. The herbal medicines were taken 30 minutes after meals and 3 times a day. While taking the Korean medicine, they were prohibited from eating flour, pork, liquor, tobacco and coffee. Patient status was assessed by consultation through pulse, tongue and abdomen. A detailed questionnaire was performed for each treatment. In some cases, they have tested hormone levels at the hospitals to know ovulation dates. The diagnosis of pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonography at hospitals and the treatment for habitual abortion was judged based on healthy birth. Results : As a result of herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion and uterine steam treatment, the coldness of the body became weak, the fatigue decreased and the digestive condition gradually began to improve. The bad condition of the uterus caused by the repeated administration of heritage has been improved with Boheosaenghwa-tang gamibang. After administration of Jokyungjongok-tang gamibang, they became pregnant and overcame the condition of addictive abortion and gave birth to healthy children. Conclusion : Jokyungjongok-tang gamibang is effective in overcoming the symptoms of habitual abortion and giving birth to a healthy child for a woman who had no children due to her habitual abortion

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.147-165
• /
• 2004

Injury is a leading cause of death in the children and adolescent populations. In particular, more than 80％ of unintentional injury was related to risk-taking behaviors involved in diverse accidents around school and home. Therefore, educational approaches should be provided for children and adolescent populations, and schools are the essential and appropriate sites to conduct safety education. This study was conducted to identify injury prevalence and safety education at schools among middle and high school students in Korea. About 1,034 middle and high students in 28 schools participated in a self-administered survey. The target schools were selected from the stratified random sampling method throughout schools of seven metropolitan cities in Korea. The questionnaires were delivered to the vice-principals by ground mailing service and the vice-principals administered survey data collection. The questionnaire asked about safety education provided in schools, injury experience in the last year, needs for injury prevention class in school, and demographics. All survey responses were entered into SPSS worksheet. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and descriptive discriminant analysis (DDA) were used in statistical analysis with SPSS software 11.1. Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted as a preliminary analysis of DDA. According to the result of multivariate analysis of variance, gender (man), grade (poor), living with both parents, and displaying injury prevention messages on school news board were significantly different between the injured student group and the uninjured student group (p＝ .00). These four factors also had significant effects on students' injury experience in DDA, although correlation of the four factors with injury experience was weak overall based on their canonical function coefficients. All structure coefficients of the four factors were greater than .30, which means the four factors have discriminant effects on injury prevalence. The sizes of the discriminant effects, in order, were largly from gender, grade, living with both parents, and safety message display on school news boards.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.69-84
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to identify actual dental care status, levels of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about dental health, and dental health conditions in elementary students; and examine the relationships between the levels of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and dental health conditions for 427 students in their sixth grades from six elementary schools in Pusan area from November 1st to December 5th, 2002. The data was collected through a structured study questionnaire and through dental checkups by dentists and was analyzed into frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation analysis using SPSS program. The main results of this study were summarized as follows： 1) The levels of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors about dental health was found to be high as mean score 18.75 points (64.7％) in knowledge, 17.86 points (59.5％) in attitudes, and 31.64 points (67.3％) in behaviors. Therefore they were found to care a lot about their dental health. The indices of dental health conditions were found to be low as mean score 0.87 pieces (3.1％) of treated teeth, 1.27 pieces (4.5％) of teeth to be treated, 7.64％ of the DMFT rate and 0.43 points (7.2％) of the simplified oral hygiene index. Therefore their condition of dental health was found to be very clean. 2) The relationships among the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about dental health showed a weak level of positive correlations. Among the conditions of dental health, treated teeth and the DMFT rate showed a moderate level of positive correlation； and treated teeth and the simplified oral hygiene index showed weak level of positive correlation. 3) The condition of dental health of the subjects of this study was found to be good and dental care was properly done when there was participation of parents and school health educators in dental care. It tells us that dental education is required not only for children but also for their parents. As there were significant correlations between knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about children's dental heath, school health educators should encourage students to have continuous dental care habits for lifelong dental health with repetitive education, rather than to deliver simple knowledge to students during dental health education.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 2010

목적 : 본 연구는 다문화와 일반 가정 어머니의 양육태도와 그 자녀의 감각처리능력을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 연구 방법 : 만 3~7세의 자녀를 둔 다문화 가정 19명과 일반 가정 38명을 조사하였다. 설문지는 어머니와 자녀의 일반적인 특성, 어머니의 양육태도, 자녀의 감각처리능력에 관한 것이다. 대상자의 인구학적 특성은 기술통계, 두 집단간의 비교는 맨 휘트니 U 방법으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 다문화 가정과 일반 가정의 양육태도는 거부적 태도(p=.000)와 자율적 태도(p=.000)에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 그리고 다문화 가정과 일반 가정 아동의 감각처리능력을 비교한 결과, 맛/냄새 민감성(p=.004), 움직임 민감성(p=.021), 과소반응/특정자극을 찾는 행동(p=.010), 청각여과하기(p=.016), 활력이 부족하고 허약함(p=.003), 시각/청각 민감성(p=.029), 총합(p=.002) 항목에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 다문화 가정과 일반 가정의 어머니 양육태도 특성과 만 3~7세 아동의 감각처리능력에 대해 알아보았다. 다문화 가정에 대한 심층적이고 질적인 연구를 통해 특성을 파악하고 놀이와 발달에 대한 정보를 제공하는 것이 필요하다.