• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 2007

분변토 처리의 기계화 및 자동화 공정 개발을 위하여, 본 연구에서는 슬러지 침출액을 이용한 지렁이 퇴비화 지표에 대하여 고찰하였다. 이 연구에서는 회분식 및 연속식 실험을 위하여 현장 하수 슬러지가 사용되었다. 슬러지 처리방버버에 따른, 발생되는 침출수의 이화학적 특성 변화는 거의 유사함을 나타내었다. 그러나, 산화환원전위, pH, 전기전도도, $NH_3-N$ 항목에서는 퇴비화 전후, 분명한 차이를 보였다. 또한, 지렁이 퇴비화 지표 설정에 가장 적합한 변수들은 ORP과EC임을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과들은 실제적으로 분변토 처리가 이루어지는 지렁이 퇴비하 기술로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 2005

The performance of elutriated acid fermentation with slurry-type piggery waste was investigated, especially to evaluate the effects of temperature and pre-treatment. In the first phase, the acid elutriation reactor with piggery waste after centrifugation operated at both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions to evaluate the effect of temperature. Solubilization yield($gVFAs/gSCOD_{prod.}$) and acidification rate($gVFAs/gSCOD_{prod.}$) in the thermophilic digestion were 0.45 and 0.55, which were higher than those of the mesophilic digestion, 0.25 and 0.45. In addition, the acid elutriation reactor at thermophilic temperature is more effective in removing e-coli. In the second phase, the acid elutriation reactor was fed with piggery waste before centrifugation. With piggery wastes before centrifugation, the solubilization yield and the acidificaton rate were 0.40 and 0.80, respectively, which were higher than the rates using piggery waste after centrifugation at both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The higher sludge volume reduction of 80% benefits sludge management. Furthermore, economical advantages can be achieved by removing the pre-treatment process, such as centrifugation. Consequently, the treatment with piggery waste before centrifugation proved to be effective. Also, the optimum temperature condition was estimated at mesophilic or thermophilic conditions, considering solubilization yields and acidification rates, though the system should be heated.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 2000

2001년부터 정수장에서 발생하는 유기성오니의 직매립이 금지됨에 따라 이의 처리비용이 매우 증가할 것으로 판단되어 본 연구에서는 정수장 슬러지를 Chemical 및 Hydrothermal법을 사용하여 농업 및 임업용 비료로 재활용 할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 진행하였고, 그 결과 두 방법 모두 유기물 및 유해 중금속을 제거할 수 있었으며 안정화된 무기질 비료를 제조할 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.407-411
• /
• 2011

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) wes enriched using sludge in wastewater treatment. The microbial community of activated sludge and enriched MFC were analyzed by FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) and 16S rDNA sequencing. Bacteroidetes group were pre-dominant in activated sludge by FISH. ${\alpha}$ group, ${\gamma}$ group and Acintobacter group were dominant and they were similar to distribution. The average value of 10 peak of MFC is 0.44C. When MFC wase enriched by sludge, ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria, Plantomycetes group increased 70% and 60%, respectively. In results of 16S rDNA sequencing, Sphiringomonas sp. was comprised in ${\alpha}$ proteobacteria and Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., Bacillus sp. were comprised in ${\gamma}$ proteobacteria and Chryseobacterium sp. was comprised in Flavobacteria were isolated from sludge.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2014

A pilot-scale hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) for real municipal wastewater treatment was developed by adding biofilm carriers into a conventional membrane bioreactor, distribution and dynamic changes of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their roles in membrane fouling were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of loosely bond EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bond EPS (TB-EPS) in activated sludge, carrier biofilm and sludge cake layer have been increased significantly with the running time of HMBR, during operation of the HMBR, EPS demonstrated positive correlations with membrane fouling. Compared to TB-EPS, LB-EPS showed more significant correlations with sludge physical properties and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) in HMBR, and thus demonstrated that LP-EPS have a stronger potential of fouling than TB-EPS. It was also found that a lower organic loading in HMBR could result a significant increase in EPS concentration, which would in turn influence membrane fouling in HMBR. This critical investigation would contribute towards a better understanding of the behavior, composition and fouling potential of EPS in HMBR operation.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 2008

For the purpose of reduction of production cost in the industrial papermaking process, the use of waste paper has been more and more increased as a fibrous raw material, and the closed system of white water became closed more than ever. "Scum" indicates the floated sludge by a flotation during primary wastewater treatment process in paper mills. If the scum is used as the raw material, it could reduce both the raw material and solid waste treatment cost with even small quantity. In this study, the element survey and the toxicity measurement was carried out for recycling scum. A load factor of stock preparation process in paper mills was measured by somerville screen. Physical properties of paper sheet containing the accepted scum from the stock of AOCC or KOCC were evaluated. The result of this study shows that recycling scum has potential to be used in paper making system. It also might be able to reduce the required energy used by the pressing or drainage process, the raw material cost, and solid waste treatment cost due to the recycling of scum.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.441-451
• /
• 2000

정수장에서 발생하는 슬러지에는 처리과정에서 주입되는 응집제로 인하여 다량의 알루미늄 성분이 함유되어 있으며, 정수장에서 널리 사용되고 있는 폴리염화알루미늄(PACI) 응집제의 원료는 전량 수입되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 정수 슬러지의 효과적인 재활용을 목적으로 수행되었다. 슬러지내의 알루미늄 성분을 염산(HCI)으로 용출하고 HCI 가스를 주입하여 염화알루미늄수화물($AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$)을 제조하였다. 그리고 저온($180^{\circ}C$)에서 열분해시켜 고체상태의 염기성 염화알루미늄 [$Al(OH)_xCl_{3-x}$]을 얻은 후 이것을 물에 용해시켜 PACl(Polyaluminum chloride)을 제조하였다. 슬러지 용출 실험 결과 반응시간 10분, 반응온도 $105^{\circ}C$, 염산농도 27.65wt%에서 최적 용출율을 얻을 수 있었으며, KS 규격실험 결과 순도 98.7% 이상의 염화알루미늄수화물($AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$)을 제조할 수 있었다. 제조된 PACl 응집제($PACl_{re}$)는 KS 규격을 모두 만족하였고, 열분해시 최적 열분해 온도는 $180^{\circ}C$이며 이때 염기도는 열분해율에 의해 결정되었다. 제조된 PACI 응집제($PACl_{re}$)와 기존의 PACI 응집제(PACI)의 성능비교 실험 결과, 탁도, DOC, $UV_{254}$ chlorophyll-a에서 유사한 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 1995

In order to investigate the purification effects of livestock waste water, Modified Activated-Sludge Process(MASP) containing marine silica and volcanic ash-rock as the contact media and Sawdust-Soil Filter Method were used. The results obtained are as follows: 1. MASP which treated two metric tons' livestock waste water a day decreased BOD by 97.5% from 4,400.0mg/I to 108.8mg/I and SS by 98.0% from 5,335.0mg/I to 111.0mg/I. 2. MASP decreased BOD by 93.9% from 2,549.1mg/I to 156.6mg/I and SS by 96.3% from 3,521.9mg/I to 132.0mg/I when ten metric ton's livestock waste water was treated a day. 3. BOD and SS were decreased by 83.4% from 45.1mg/I to 7.5mg/I and by 83.4% from 47.5mg/I to 7.9mg/I when the supernatant layer treated by MASP was purified by Sawdust-Soil Filter Method.

• 한국수처리학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2018

For the effective removal of phosphorus in water, a novel type of composite was prepared by combining Poly Alumiun Chloride, widely used in sewage/wastewater treatment plants, and Humic Acid particles, which are known to have phosphorus removal ability, with CI. The surface of the ferromagnetic CI particles was oxidized and activated, and then PAC and HA were synthesized to finally produce CIPAC and CIHA. CIPAC and CIHA prepared by this study showed similar results to the phosphorus removal efficiencies of PAC and HA coagulants. The novel composite has a larger weight than the conventional coagulant, and the coagulated sludge precipitates rapidly. The sludge could be easily separated in a short time if the external magnetic field was given by the ferromagnetic force of CIPAC and CIHA prepared with CI as support. Therefore, it can be concluded that if phosphorus removal is carried out using CIPAC and CIHA prepared through this study with external magnetic field, the sedimentation rate will be much faster than that of conventional coagulant. Thus it is possible to obtain a high economic benefit in the sludge recovery part.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2018

As membrane fouling is based on various factors, it is a complex phenomenon that is hard to estimate. This study investigated membrane fouling in a thermophilic jet loop membrane bioreactor (JLMBR). With this purpose, four different empirical membrane fouling models with different sludge retention times were applied on the flow data obtained in the system. As a result of the model implementation, it was found for all sludge retention times that, standard blocking is effective in the first 1.5 hours of filtration, while cake filtration was dominant in the remaining duration. Additionally, it was observed that as the sludge retention time increases, membrane fouling rate decreases.