• 약학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1971

When a large quantity of insoluble drugs was added into a solution containing a small amount of soluble drugs, the latter was adsorbed to the former. Their adsorption was expected to alter the drug activity. Berberine hydrochloride (BH) was selected as a soluble drug and tested with frequently combined insoluble drugs and antacids for their adsorption phenomena in prufied water, gastric and intetinal fluid test solutions, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of kaolin and natural anuminum silicate with BH in the three media fitted the Langmuir (LM) equation, and that of talc in purified water and gastric fluid fitted it, but in intestinal fluid it fitted the Freudlich quation. The adsorption isotherm of aluminum hydroxide fitted the LM equation only in intestinal fluid. The degree of adsorption of BH in purified water and gastric fluid is in the following order: magnesium trisilicate, kaolin, natural aluminum silicate and talc; in intestinal fluid: magnesium trisilicate, kaolin, talc, natural aluminum silicate and aluminum hydroxide. Magnesium stearate did not adsorb BH.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

This study progressed an investigation on the cause of the efflorescence phenomenon of bricks in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress, which is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage by using diverse scientific analyses. The samples were taken in Hwaseong and analyzed using XRD and SEM-EDS for the material identification of efflorescence. We observed under a polarizing microscope and measured absorption factors for the basic investigation for traditional bricks. As a result of material identification, soluble salt($Na_2SO_4$, $KNO_3$) and insoluble salt($CaCO_3$) were detected. There was no big difference between original bricks and repaired bricks under the polarizing microscope. However, in terms of the water absorption rate, bricks which were used for repair nowadays showed low water absorption rate(1%). In conclusion, soluble salt and insoluble salt appeared due to an effect of an air pollution and joint mortar. Soluble salt was removed in the rainy season, but insoluble salt was not removed. As a result of the efficiency and safety tests for chemicals removing efflorescence, chemical E is likely to be the suitable chemicals for the efflorescence phenomenon of traditional bricks in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress. In the future, consideration whether the use of lime is available or not should be studied through comprehensive researches including repair work, construction work and the environment factor with lime. Also, physical, chemical identifications of repairing bricks will be required.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.358-364
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• 2008

Wood-inorganic material composite (WIC) was prepared by impregnating wood with copper sulfate ($CuSO_4\;5H_2O$) solution and by immersed wood in sodium carbonate($Na_2CO_3$) solution in order to introduce insoluble copper compounds {copper carbonate hydroxide, $CuCO_3\;Cu(OH)_2$} into the wood to give fungicidal effects in treated-wood. The weight percent gains (WPGs) of treated wood reached maximum value by impregnation of 20% copper sulfate solution and immersion in about 15% sodium carbonate solution for 24 hrs. Inorganic substances were present mainly in the lumina and cross-field pitting of tracheides. These substances were proved to be the insoluble copper carbonate hydroxide against water by the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDXA). The treated specimens showed high preservative effectiveness because the weight losses were hardly occurred by the fungi degradation test.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.475-486
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• 1997

The characteristics of atmospheric aerosols were investigated as a function of particle size and water solubility. The atmospheric aerosols were sampled with classifying into 12 size ranges by the use of Andersen low-pressure impactor. Collected aerosol particles were extracted by ultrapure water and filtered to be separated into water-soluble and insoluble components. The concentrations 12 elements in both components were determined by PIXE analysis. And the concentrations of 8 ions in the soluble component were analyzed by ion chromatography. In general, the mass size distribution of particulate matter was represented as a bimodal distribution. The mass size distributions of S$(SO_4^{2-}), K(K^+), Zn and NH_4^+$ skewed to the smaller size range and those of Si, Ca$(Ca^{2+}), Fe, Na^+ and Mg^{2+}$ skewed to the larger size range. They had roughly one peak in the fine and coarse particle region,respectively. On the other hand, the mass size distribution of Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, $Cl^- and NO_3^-$ were represented as the bimodal distribution. Fe and Si in the aerosol particles extracted into pure water are existing in high insoluble state. Conversely, almost the whole of S is dissolved in water.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.10-12
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• 1957

On the performance of the hydrogen peroxide method for Th-determination we encountered some difficulties, namely the formation of the insoluble matter occured in the nearly neutral solution after evaporation. We carried out the Th-determination in the mixture of the Th and some kind of the rare earth, and found that the insoluble matter was not formed in case of the mixture of Th and some kind of rare earth, but formed in case of Monazite. The formation of the insoluble matter in the case of Monazite sand, however, could be avoid by using the beaker instead of the evaporating dish and by adding the water repeatedly before it was completely evaporated to dryness.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 1987

The electrophoretic and innunological cnalyses of organic matrices in the shells of freshwater bivalves were made in order to dlucidate the biochemical characteristics and species-specific differinces of the applied shells, The water-soluble and insoluble matrices of four species of freshwater bivalves, Andodonta fukudai, Unio douglasiae, Lanceolaria and Chrbicula fluminea, were used as analytical materials, There was non-identity in immuno affinity between anti soluble matrix(anti-Sm) and anti insoluble matrix(anti-ISM)sera against the organic matrix of Andodnta fukudai. The SMs of four species (S. fukudai, U.douglasiae, L. acrorhyncha, and C. fluminea) showed the differences in the precipitate arcs at the level of family, though ISMs did mot show differences. In the electrophoretic analysis, all foru species had two SDS-electrophoretic bands of SM, of which molecular wights appeared to be lower than 55,000, shereas the native organic matrices of foru speceis had higher molecular weighrs than those from SDS-dldctrophoresis. Only calcium ion among many ions in extrapallial fluid(EPF) caused SM to change into insoluble molecules, thus the EPF pretreated with Ca++did not form the precipitate arc when did the immuno diffusion whth anti SM serum. ISM precursor may be polymerized into macromolecules like periostracin, a precusor of periostracum, judging from the similat polymerization patterns in 0.1M Tris formate buffer(pH 3); they may be made insoluble macromolecules due to their strong natrue of hydrophobicity.

• Composites Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.84-90
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• 1999

HAC/PVA계 MDF시멘트 복합재료의 수분안정성 및 기계적 강도향상을 위하여 불용성 폴리머류(폴리우레탄, 페놀, 에폭시수지)와 탄소섬유(길이3mm)를 1-4wt% 보강하였다. 그리고 가압성형법으로 제조한 복합체의 수분침적 기간별 강도특성(수분안정성)과 계면 및 기계적 특성에 영향을 미치는 폴리머와 시멘트의 가교반응에 대하여 SEM 및 TEM 분석을 통하여 관찰하였다. HAC/PVA계 MDF 시멘트 복합체의 섬유함량에 따른 건조 굽힘강도는 섬유함량이 증가할수록 치밀화 구조가 저하되어 비례적으로 감소되었다. 또한 불용성 폴리머류를 사용한 경우에 건조 굽힘강도는 섬유함량이 증가될수록 저하되는 반면, 수분안정성은 크게 향상되었다. 에폭시 수지를 첨가한 경우에 수분안정성이 가장 우수하였으며, 섬유함량 4% 첨가의 경우에 3일 침적강도가 95%, 7일침적시 87%강도를 유지하였다. 이 점은 폴리머와 시멘트의 금속이온이 가교반응을 일으켜 섬유-메트릭스간 계면 부착강도를 크게 개선되었기 때문으로 추정된다. 반면 인장강도 특성은 모든 불용성 폴리머류 첨가 수준에서 섬유 함량이 증가할수록 비례적으로 증가되었으며, 역시 에폭시 수지 첨가의 경우에 강도특성이 가장 우수하였다. 그리고 섬유함량 4% 첨가된 경우에 있어서 인장강도는 섬유함량 0% 대비 약 30~80% 높게 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2007

Within the elderly population, the use of calcium supplements and the intake of calcium from food are on the rise in order to maintain health. Calcium is absorbed as an ion in vivo, leading to speculation that absorption efficiency is affected by the solubility of the calcium consumed. In our study, the bioavailability of two types of calcium supplements with different solubilities was evaluated. Experimental animals were fed water-soluble or insoluble calcium supplements for 6 weeks. We found that blood alkali phosphatase activity, osteocalcin content, and urine crosslinks values were not different between the groups. Similarly, the degree of apparent calcium absorption between the two calcium supplements was not significantly different. The bone mineral density and bone mineral content of the femur and the tibia increased in the group that consumed insoluble calcium compared with those of the water-soluble calcium supplemented group. However, when considering body weight, the bone mineral density value for all areas, including the spine, was significantly higher in the group that consumed the water-soluble calcium supplement.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.484-486
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• 2006

Maltosyl (G2)-mannitol, produced by the transglycosylation of mannitol with maltotriose by Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase, was not found to support lactic acid production by Streptococcus sobrinus NRRL 14555. Furthermore, the synthesis of water-insoluble glucans from maltosyl-mannitol by S. sobrinus NRRL 14555 was much lower than that from xylitol or mannitol. Consequently, these results suggest that maltosyl-mannitol could be used as a noncariogenic sugar substitute in food products.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.546-551
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• 2005

[ ${\beta}-1,3-Glucan$ ] (curdlan) is a water-insoluble polysaccharide composed exclusively of ${\beta}-1,3\;linked$ glucose residues. Extracellular curdlan was mostly synthesized by Agrobacterium species and Alcaligenes faecalis under nitrogen-limiting conditions. In this study, we screened the microorganisms capable of producing extracellular curdlan from soil samples. For the first time, we reported Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus sp. SNC 107 capable of producing extracellular curdlan in appreciable amounts. The effect of different carbon sources on curdlan production was studied and found that the yield of curdlan was more when glucose was used as carbon source. It was also found that maximum production was achieved when the initial concentration of ammonium and phosphate in the medium was 0.5 and 1.9 g/L respectively. In this study the curdlan production was increased from 3 to 7g/L in shake flask cultures.