• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.78-93
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• 2011

Clean and safe water is the fundamental element for the good life of people. However, expanding the distrust on the tap water increased the anxiety on drinking water and accelerated the growth of the natural and purified water market. In this respect, this study was made to find an opportunity to invigorate the use of the Seoul tap water for drinking by means of assessing the awareness of the citizen and the current condition on the tap water in Seoul. The findings were that the direct use of the tap water for drinking was very low and 'use after boiling' was also lower relative to 'use of purified water'. Also, the education on the environment should include the importance of the use of the tap water to improve the awareness of the citizen on the tap water and the administrative role, typically for educational institutes and schools, might be required to increase the use of the tab water for drinking.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.30-38
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• 1987

Because the development of Korea's water resources will reach its limit in the near future, preparations should now be begun to deal with problems that may come as a result. It will be too late to start preparations when the water resources have already reach their limitation and, as the preparations cannot be done in a day, it will take a long time to provide them. Now is the great turning point to accumulate our technical experiences and attain our plans gradually. The preparations against this are summarized as follows; 1)The transitory use of water should be turn into the recurrent use for the future. 2)A cooperative water control system of an area should be arranged. 3)Water saving, control of water demand, and the multiple use of water should be encouraged. To do this effectively, people should be informed of the value and rarity of water. 4)The development of freshwater reserviors at estuaries is closely related to the development of water utilization in the whole river basin. The development of water resources by the construction of freshwater reservoirs at the estuaries should be started, when the development of upstream water resources reaches their limitation. 5)The existing water utilization structures should be reorganized by water resources exchange planning, so the effective use of water in large areas be attained.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.74-83
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• 2007

The goal of this study is to establish an integrated watershed hydrologic model for the whole Nakdong River basin whose area is an approximately 24,000 km2. Including a number of watershed elements such as rainfall, runoff, water use, and so on, the proposed model is based on SWAT model, and is used to improve the flow duration curve estimation of ungauged watersheds for Korean Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). The model is also used to recognize quantitatively the river flow variation due to water use elements and large dam effluents in the whole watershed. The established combined watershed hydrologic model, SWAT-Nakdong, is used to evaluate the quantified influences of artificial water balance elements, such as a dam and water use in the watershed. We apply two water balance scenarios in this study: the dam scenario considering effluent conditions of 4 large multi-purpose dams, Andong dam, Imha dam, Namgang dam, and Habcheon dam, and the water use scenario considering a water use for stream line and the effluent from a treatment plant. The two scenarios are used to investigate the impacts on TMDL design flow and flow duration of particular locations in Nakdong River main stream. The results from this study will provide the basic guideline for the natural flow restoration in Nakdong River.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.789-798
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• 2004

Conjunctive use of surface and ground water is emerging as an alternative to resolve water shortage problems caused by drought or overpopulation. The region whose water supply depends on a single source has high risk of emergency situations, and may need to consider conjunctive use to overcome its weakness. Conjunctive use also can be a realistic and effective solution when additional or new water resources are to be developed. This paper presents a new methodology for managing surface and ground water resources with the aim of supplying water in a sustainable way. The developed method encompasses procedures to assess site suitability for conjunctive use, to devise water supply scenarios based on drought analysis, and to quantify the amount of water attained. It is believed that the systematic and objective features of the developed method enable it to be a useful supportive tool for water management planning and decision-making.

• Proceedings of the KSEG Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.235-248
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• 2002

Ground water development skill growth and life circumstances improvement increase ground water use. So managerial difficulties and various problems about ground water occur. Poor ground water management organization, lack of management person, thoughtless development add ground water pollution and lack of water volume. And local excessive developments or abandoned well occur. This paper presents ground water management system model making use of GIS and helps effective management by realizing necessary analysis functions in ground water management system and ground management methods. Local information of ground water recorded and development data, site examination data made D/B. And linearment analysis data making use of a satellite image data, hydraulic test data, the quality of water examination data, these local characteristic values made out thematic maps and making use of these data can form elementary data of ground water modeling It makes easy to understand environmental development conditions and pollution source conditions about new ground water development location, linearment growth, DRASTIC, the quality of water examination. Ground water management system making use of these functions can choose right location of ground water.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.495-508
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to develop a quantified water loss Index to evaluate and manage leakage scientifically for the reduction of non-revenue water in water distribution systems. For the purpose, unavoidable background leakage suggested from UK water industry and IWA, and allowable water leakage in accord with the concept of allowable water loss are proposed by analyzing the inflow into two study water districts and the short-term water use of each customer in the districts. The study distribution areas are selected among the metered districts with good maintenance of leakage after improvement activities in Nonsan, medium sized city in Korea. Estimation models of allowable leakage are developed by metering and analyzing the minimum night flow at residential and commercial areas in the city. In the results of the investigation, it is estimated that background night flow in residential area was larger than that of commercial area where the types of business shows small water use characteristics. Meanwhile, night flow and background water loss on internal plumbing systems show great differences for each district which is influenced much by the water use characteristics and facilities scale. Based on metering water use data in various districts, leakage management criteria can be established under the consideration of domestic conditions in Korea by analyzing separated real water use and background leakage and it is possible to apply into presentation of optimal leakage level and reasonable time for working activities for leakage reduction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2004

This study is to analyze the affecting factors to the peak factor in the drinking water supply Facilities. The peak factor is a very important element to determine the capacity of the water supply facllities. Several factors such as Population served, average day water demand, ratio of domestic water use, ratio of affairs & business water use and water use per capital per day were selected as the affecting factors in this study. In this study, peak factor characteristics for Korean facilities were compared with those for Japanese ones. As a result, non-exceedance probability was suggested as the designing method for the peak factor. Also, the 50% non-exceedance probability values and the 90% values based on the 1998-1999 data were suggested in this study.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.510-515
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• 2007

A Study on Typical Rates of Water-use for School Facilities has been carried out in this work. Water supply system is given much weight in school facilities. Therefore, it set up a basis efficiency using of water sources to calculate typical rates of water use. The results are summarized as follows ; 1) On the whole, typical rates of water-use was founded out 15 L / stu. d in pirmary school, 10 L / stu. d in middle school and 30L / stu. d in high school smaller than the existing it. It was rate of water-use change as season and Max. Rates of water-use was July. 2) I deem that school hours are 5 hour's in primary school, 7 hour's in middle school and 8 hour's in high school. It the concept of 1 hour that is lesson time 40 minutes and resting time 10 minutes in primary school, lesson time 45 minutes and resting time 10 minutes in middle school and lesson time 50 minutes and resting time 10 minutes in high school. 3) It is desired that we calculate the volume of pump and water tank throughout this concept and the size of water tank should be 1.5 times with taking pick load into consideration by this study on typical rate of water-use. 4) The amount of using water increases in gradually and I consider the life cycle of facilities is more than 10 years. As a result, I can forecast that the size will be insufficiency but I deem that if we devise a plan about parallel pumping on water tank space, we can cope with it. Also, it is expected that we can cut back the transport energy by controlling pump volume.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.61-75
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• 2021

This study aims to assess the changes in crop water requirement of paddy and upland according to future climate and land use changes scenarios. Changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and precipitation are factors that lower the stability of agricultural water supply, and predicting the changes in crop water requirement in consideration of climate change can prevent the waste of limited water resources. Meanwhile, due to the recent changes in the agricultural product consumption structure, the area of paddy and upland has been changing, and it is necessary to consider future land use changes in establishing an appropriate water use plan. Climate change scenarios were derived from the four GCMs of the CMIP6, and climate data were extracted under two future scenarios, namely SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5. Future land use changes were predicted using the FLUS (Future Land Use Simulation) model. Crop water requirement in paddy was calculated as the sum of evapotranspiration and infiltration based on the water balance in a paddy field, and crop water requirement in upland was estimated as the evapotranspiration value by applying Penman-Monteith method. It was found that the crop water requirement for both paddy and upland increased as we go to the far future, and the degree of increase and variability by time showed different results for each GCM. The results derived from this study can be used as basic data to develop sustainable water resource management techniques considering future watershed environmental changes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

While agricultural water has been declared free in Korea to ensure access to these limited resource since the year 2000, farmers have however developed lackadaisical behavior towards water saving leading to its scarcity. To overcome this problem, a variety of experience-oriented education model was developed for farmers to promote the adoption of water conservation, and preventive measure against the drought impacts. In this study, farmers' awareness and their attitudinal behavior of agricultural water savings were investigated. The monitoring of water supply structure and the repair facilities in Pohang and Yeongdeok areas were conducted. The field visits and behavioral surveys showed a high degree of over-use and illegal water withdrawals by the farmers due to poor water-saving and management practices. We found that most of the KRC employees strongly admitted the necessity of water-saving education. On the other hand, the farmers showed good interest in the implementation of water-saving awareness through education. Besides this, most farmers agreed to adopt water-saving practices in the fields. Farmers also acknowledged the recklessness of water use was due to the aging of waterways, poor water management, and illegal water consumption. The majority of the farmers responded against imposing the water-use tariffs. However, there was a low response to paying the water-use charge. Aging agricultural facilities and the lack of institutional penalties or incentives were the major obstacles in achieving efficient water-saving. Considering the current drought frequency, urgent water-saving education of farmers was deemed necessary to prepare the farming community against the water shortages. Based on the results of this study, we have to identify the irrigation practices of farmers and provide water-saving education to enforce more efficient use and management of agricultural water.