• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish the best optimized extraction condition for the optimal development of fresh maca beverage using low temperature extraction and enzyme treatment. Low temperatures were applied to prevent heat-related nutritional loss during the extraction process. Best extraction conditions were investigated based on the ratio of maca to water, the ratio of enzymes, extraction temperature and time, and agitation. The optimal enzyme conditions were also examined after the treatment of cellulase:pectinase mixture to maintain the original color and flavor, as well as to increase the extraction yield. When cellulase:pectinase was 1:1, the extraction rate ranged from 77.84 to 79.29%. In addition, the best extraction rate was found when maca was mixed with twice volume of water and incubated at $45^{\circ}C$ ($84.05{\pm}0.32%$) with 90 rpm ($87.13{\pm}0.46%$) agitation for 3 hours ($84.73{\pm}0.29%$). Furthermore, sensory evaluation showed a high score in flavor, sweetness, and overall acceptability after adding 3% jujube concentrate into a fresh maca beverage.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1363-1372
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• 2023

This study is concerned with the optimization of the manufacturing process of a hot water extract containing antioxidant activity from Lycium barbarum, traditionally known to have various physiological activities. For the establishment of the optimization process, the central composite design of response surface methodology(RSM) was used. Thirteen extraction processes were performed by encoding the independent variables, extraction temperature (65.9℃-94.1℃) and extraction time (2.59 hr-5.41 hr). As a result of the experiment, the optimal manufacturing conditions for the extract were 340.0 mg/100 g of GAE at an extraction temperature of 94.1℃ and an extraction time of 5 hr. The maximum yield of flavonoids was 22.44 mg/100 g of HES at an extraction temperature of 94.1℃ and an extraction time of 4 hr. The conditions for producing the extract with the maximum antioxidant capacity (DPPH 92.12%) were 90℃ and 4.5 hr extraction time. Therefore, the optimal manufacturing process conditions for extracts containing total phenol content, flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, which are dependent variables, were extraction temperature of 90-95℃ and extraction time of 4 hr, which were not significantly different from the actual values. Therefore, Lycium barbarum extract rich in total phenol and flavonoid content related to antioxidant function is expected to be used as a functional food and cosmetic material.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 1999

Side wall samples from a used automotive tire were subjected to subcritical and supercritical decomposition and extraction with three solvents, water, 28% ammonia solution and ammonia. For 6mm cube samples the rate of supercritical extraction with water followed a first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 140 kJ/mol. Solvent power of 28% ammonia so lotion at supercritical condition was found to be higher than supercritical water at initial extraction as pressure decreased. These phenomena were considered to be an effect of ammonia involved in water.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.1 s.97
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Extraction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology for preparing high-quality, hot water extracts from cultivated Chrysanthemum indicum L. petals. A fractional factorial design was applied to investigate the effects of added sample ratio ($X_1$), extraction temperature ($X_2$) and extraction time ($X_3$) variables on extract properties, such as, soluble solid contents ($Y_1$), sugar content ($Y_2$), ?E ($Y_3$), turbidity ($Y_4$), total phenol ($Y_5$) and DPPH ($Y_6$). Second-order models were employed to generate a 3-dimensional response surface for dependent variables and their coefficients of determination ($R^2$) ranged from 0.8408${\sim}$0.9914. The range of optimum conditions at $80^{\circ}C$ extraction for maximize characteristics of hot water extracts was 2.3${\sim}$2.7 g and 9.2${\sim}$11.2 hr.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.271-275
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• 2011

In this study, ginseng flower water extracts were analyzed to set up the ginsenoside content and quality optimization condition. The highest total ginsenoside content among the ginseng flower water extracts was 67.44mg/g which was extracted at $85^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. In addition, the ginsenoside content decreased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. The highest total content of $Rb_2$ and Re was 37.42mg/g at $75^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. Total content of $Rb_2$ and Re decreased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. The highest prosapogenin ($Rg_2$ + $Rg_3$ + $Rh_1$) content among the total of ginseng flower water extracts was 18.58mg/g which was extracted at $95^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours. The sweetness, absorbance were increased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. But pH was decreased according to the increased extraction time.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2020

Polyphenols extraction conditions including extraction solvent, temperature, pH and time were optimized for the development of functional bio-convergence materials using non-edible parts of Aronia melanocarpa including its berry. Water, ethanol, and methanol were used for the extraction of polyphenol from aronia leaves, stem and twigs. Water was selected as an extraction solvent because water gave the highest extraction yields. Among the non-edible parts, aronia leaves had the highest total polyphenol content. The polyphenol extraction conditions from aronia leaves were statistically optimized using a experimental design method: reaction time of 4.5 h, extraction temperature of 79.3℃, and pH 7.2. These optimized extraction conditions could be used for the production of functional bio-material.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.310-314
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• 2016

The search for natural antioxidants as alternatives to synthetic products is growing. Microalgae have emerged as a source of natural antioxidants with significant and diverse health-promoting properties. In this study, the effects of hot-water extraction conditions on total polyphenol compounds (TPC) production were investigated for lipid extracted microalgae (LEA). In order to enhance the polyphenol productivity, the extraction variables including solvents, temperature, time and ethanol concentration were optimized. The results showed hot-water extraction provided a higher extraction efficiency than the organic solvents and extraction at high temperatures showed a better extraction efficiency. While hot-water extract showed a higher extraction efficiency compared to 98% ethanol extraction, the mixture of water and ethanol (40:60 v/v) showed the highest production of polyphenols. The maximum polyphenols of 3.35 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/g DM were obtained at the optimized extraction time of 10 min, $100^{\circ}C$ and 40% ethanol, respectively. Although Tetraselmis KCTC 12236BP was preprocessed by hexane to remove lipid for bio-diesel production, the results showed LEA contains relatively high level of polyphenols compared to untreated microalgae which can be used in the production of value-added materials. The predictions obtained from the developed Peleg's model were compared with the experimental data under the same operating conditions. The predicted and experimental data were consistent, indicating the reliability of the model.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2019

The characteristics of extracts and precipitates after extraction at different water temperature (25, 50, 75, 95℃), ethanol ratio (25, 50, 75, 100%), and extraction method (stir, soak, autoclave) of yam powder and raw yam were investigated. The total polyphenol content was the highest in the 50% ethanol extract of yam powder. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in the 75% ethanol extraction and the crude saponin content was the highest in the 95℃ water extraction. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was the highest in 95℃ water extraction, low concentration of ethanol extraction, and autoclave extraction. The peak viscosity, trough, and final viscosity of the precipitates increased after ethanol extraction, whereas decreased after the 95℃ water extraction and the autoclave, indicating the destruction of starch granules. This was confirmed by observing the starch granules broken using the SEM. The significance of this study was to investigate the possibility of the use of yam resources as a material, processing product development, skin beauty functional food and cosmetic material.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.284-287
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to find an optimum extraction condition of acanthoside-D from acanthopanax cortex with supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent. In this effort, effects of the extraction conditions including pressure, temperature and presence or absence of a cosolvent on the extraction efficiency were investigated. The ethanol, water or 50% methanol was used as a cosolvent whilst the operating pressure ranged from 200 bar to 300 bar. The acanthoside-D concentrations were determined by means of HPLC equipped with a UV detector. From the results, it was observed that increase of higher pressure led to the higher extraction efficiency. Further, water was found to be the best cosolvent among the entrainers tested.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.180-184
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• 2013

Recently, silk sericin has attracted the attention of researchers owing to its useful properties as a biomaterial including 1) good wound healing and cell activities, 2) fast gelation character, and 3) high water retention property. In the present study, silk sericin was prepared using different extraction times in hot water and the effect of extraction time on the rheological properties of sericin solutions and gels was examined. It was found that the production yield of sericin increased with extraction time. The shear viscosity of sericin solutions and gels decreased with increasing extraction time due to a decrease in sericin molecular weight. When the sericin solution transformed to a gel, the viscosity increased and the shear thinning behavior was more evident. In addition, the shear stress measurements indicated that the slip between the sericin samples and the measuring plate of the rheometer was increased by the gelation of sericin. The compression strength of sericin gel could be increased remarkably (by more than 100 fold) by preparation using the freezing and thawing method.