• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2012

We previously isolated cordycepin, guanosine and tryptophan from Cordyceps militaris as antiadipogenic constituents. For the quality control of C. militaris for anti-adipogenic activity, simultaneous analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection (DAD) was developed and validated. Quantitation of these compounds in various Cordyceps samples from different sources and various extraction methods were conducted using developed method. Our study shows that natural Cordyceps and host insect possess higher content than cultured ones and fruiting bodies, respectively. The content of cordycepin showed great difference in different C. militaris samples whereas trytophan content was similar in tested samples. Addition of water to extraction solvent greatly increased the yield of guanosine and tryptophan. High temperature and longer extraction time increased yield of guanosine, whereas the content of trytophan was decreased in high temperature during extraction with water. Extraction using ultrasonic apparatus slightly increased extraction efficiency. Cordycepin, however, has little variation in different extraction method tested. Strong anti-adipogenic activity was observed in the samples that contain all the three constituents. Taken together, quantitation of these compounds using developed analytical method might provide basic requirement for the anti-adipogenic activity of C. militaris.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2003

A liquid-liquid extraction followed by evaporative concentration method was used to determine the concentration of normal, or straight chain, saturated hydrocarbons (NSH) $(C_{10}\;to\;C_{24})$ and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) here defined as: fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene and perylene, in the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. Samples were collected from 5 and 25 cm depth of water at the southern, middle and northern parts of the river at Postogolla, Sadarghat and Sowarighat stations. Hydrocarbons were extracted from 450 mL of water into 75 mL n-hexane and then concentrated into 1 or 2 mL solution by evaporation. These solutions were analyzed by gas chromatography. The highest and lowest concentrations were determined as $257\;{\mu}gL^{-1}\;for\;C_{13}\;and \;0.24\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}\;for\;C_{22}$ at 5 ㎝ depth of water, at the northern part of the Sowarighat and southern part of the Postogolla, respectively. This method could allow the analysis of water for $C_{22}$ as low as $0.24\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.520-529
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• 2024

Lycium barbarum extract has a high potential to be developed as a health functional food due to the various health-promoting effects of Lycium barbarum. This study analyzed changes in nutritional and functional components depending on the extraction solvent (purified water and a mixture of purified water and alcohol) and the condition of the sample. The nutritional components (carbohydrates, protein, fat, ash), organic acids, amino acids, total phenolic compounds, and total flavonoids of the extract produced during the extraction process were analyzed. The nutritional composition and functional substances of the extracts showed some differences depending on the type of solvent and the condition of the sample. The amounts of crude protein (7.61%), crude fat (1.63%), carbohydrate (90.22%), and ash (0.54%) of dried Lycium barbarum extract using purified water as a solvent were similar to those of the powder sample extract. The highest content of citric acid was 4.31 mg/mL, similar to the case of acetic acid, when the powder sample used a mixture of purified water and alcohol as a solvent. The highest amino acid content was 357.39 mg/mL when the powder sample was mixed with purified water and alcohol as a solvent. The total amount of phenolic compounds was 686.16 g/L when the powder sample was extracted with a mixture of purified water and alcohol as a solvent. The highest total flavonoid content was 111.32 g/L when the powder sample was extracted with a mixture of purified water and alcohol as a solvent.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.628-648
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• 2016

Increased attention has been paid to the presence of veterinary antibiotics in various environmental matrices due to their toxicological behavior in the ecosystem and development of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. In the this review, 37 target antimicrobials were selected based on annual sales of antibiotics for livestock in South Korea 2014. Also, extraction and clean-up methods for the determination of the antibiotic residues in liquid samples including water, milk, and honey were comprehensively reviewed in the literature. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was commonly used as a pre-treatment method for the samples. Most of the analytes were extracted in acidic conditions (2.5~4.0) except for aminoglycosides, which were extracted in neutral conditions (7.0~8.0). ${\beta}-Lactams$ showed the highest recoveries in neutral pH due to their degradation characteristics in acidic media. Starta-X, Oasis HLB, and Oasis MCX were frequently applied as an SPE cartridge and Oasis HLB showed the highest recoveries for the majority of antibiotic classes. The homogenized honey and milk were extracted by mixing with acids for deproteinization. Solids and other interfering substances in the extract were eliminated by centrifugation followed by membrane filtration or SPE before injection into HPLC.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1168-1171
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• 2003

수국차를 액상가공의 원료로 개발하기 위한 기초로서 온도, 농도 등 적정 추출조건을 설정할 목적으로 열수가열과 침출로 나누어 조사하였다. 열수가열은 10$0^{\circ}C$ 열수로 0.1%∼0.4%(w/v) 농도에서 2분간 가열하였으며, 침출은 온도 4$0^{\circ}C$∼10$0^{\circ}C$ 경우와 농도 0.2%∼ 1.0%(w/v)로 나누어 각각 2분간 침출하였다. 시료는 단맛을 중심으로 쓴맛, 떫은맛, 색, 향 등을 관능검사하고 통계처리로 최적 조건을 설정하였다. 수국차를 가열한 경우 쓰고 떫은맛이 강하였으며 기호도가 최대 4점 미만으로서 침출의 경우와 비교하여 낮은값을 나타내었다. 수국차의 최적 추출조건은 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 2분간 침출한 경우로서 0.5%(w/v) 농도에서 종합적으로 가장 높은 기호도를 나타내었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.325-329
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 항산화성분함량이 높다고 알려진 안젤리카를 이용하여 폴리페놀을 추출하고 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 추출과정을 최적화하였다. 반응표면분석법의 반응치로는 추출수율과 폴리페놀함량을 설정하였고, 추출공정의 계량인자로는 추출시간, 주정/초순수 부피비, 추출온도를 이용하였다. 추출수율과 폴리페놀함량 모두 계량인자의 주효과도와 교호효과도를 모두 고려하였을 때 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자는 추출시간이었다. 또한 반응표면분석 결과 안젤리카의 최적추출조건은 추출시간이 2.8 h, 주정/초순수 부피비 64.0 vol%, 추출온도 $56.6^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 이 조건의 추출수율은 24.6%, 폴리페놀함량은 8.76 mg GAE/g으로 산출되었다. 추출수율과 폴리페놀함량에 대한 회귀방정식의 결정계수 $R^2$은 각각 81.4%와 75.4%이었으며, 종합 만족도는 D = 0.80, 유의성은 5% 이내의 수준에서 인정되었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2003

도금폐수로부터 철, 구리, 아연 및 니켈 등 중금속을 분리ㆍ회수하기 위한 용매추출시 추출제의 종류 및 평형 pH에 따른 각 금속의 분리효과를 조사하였다. 실험결과 아연은 추출제로 PC-88A가 가장 효과적이며, pH 2.5에서 100% 추출할 수 있다. 구리와 니켈은 LIX 84를 사용하여 추출하면 각각 pH2에서 100% 그리고 pH4～5에서 90% 이상 추출할 수 있다. 한편, 중금속이 혼재한산ㆍ알칼리계 도금폐수에 대한 용매추출에서는 먼저 3가 철을 지방산인 20％의 Naphthenic acid나 10％의 Versatic acid-10로 pH2∼2.5 부근에서 분리ㆍ회수하고, 그 다음에 3%의 LIX 84를 사용하여 pH2에서 구리를 용매추출하여 분리하고 난 후 20% PC-88A 로 pH2.5∼3에서 아연을 용매추출하여 회수하면 수상에 니켈만이 잔류하여 각각의 금속분리가 가능하다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum extraction method suitable for the availability of biological activities in unripe apples known to be rich in functional components. Unripe apples 'Hongro' picked on May 28th, 2019 were extracted by various extraction methods (hot water, ethanol, enzymatic pre-treatment, ultrasonic wave, and subcritical water) and their extracts were investigated yield, effective component contents, and antioxidant activities. Overall, the yields by the extraction solvent were higher in water than in organic solvent(ethanol) because water-soluble compounds were eluted from a polar solvent. Total phenol contents of the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extracts were significantly higher in 6 times than hot water extract. Contents of flavonoid were highest in the ethanol extract at 29.14 mg QE/g. Contents of tannin and ursolic acid were also significantly higher in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. The DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activities were the strongest in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. Correlation between effective components and antioxidant activities was high in the total phenol content with ABTS and the ursolic acid content with DPPH (p<0.01). The above results suggested that ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract of unripe apples has the potential to act as a functional material.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2010

We investigated a method to improve anticancer activities of Acer mono wood extracts by ultra high pressure extraction process. The A. mono was extracted by water at $40^{\circ}C$ and 300 MPa for 15 min (High Pressure Extraction, HPE). The extraction yield by ultra high pressure extraction process was 5.42%. The cytotoxicity on human normal lung cell (HEL299) of the extracts from HPE showed 21.54% lower than that from conventional water extraction at $100^{\circ}C$ in adding the maximum concentration of 1.0 mg/$m{\ell}$. Ultra high pressure extracts process for 15 minutes extracts (HPE15) showed more potent scavenging effect than the control, BHA. On SOD-like test, the HPE15 showed highest activity as 32.4% at 1.0 mg/$m{\ell}$ concentration. Human stomach adenocarcinoma, liver adenocarcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma cell growth were inhibited up to about 67~79%, in adding 1.0 mg/$m{\ell}$ of extracts from HPE. HPE was 20~25% higher than conventional water extraction. It was interesting that, among several cancer cell lines (stomach adenocarcinoma, liver adenocarcinoma), the growth of digestive related cancer cells were most effectively inhibited as about 75~79%. On in vivo experiment using ICR mice, the variation of body weight of mice group treated A. mono wood extracts from HPE of 100 mg/kg/day concentration was very lower than control and other group. The survival times of group treated this extracts was 61.96% longer than that of the control group and this extracts showed the lower tumor weight, which were 10.49 g than positive control as 16.17 g. Based on these results, we could tell that the HPE wood extracts of A. mono had higher anticancer activity than conventional water extraction. The results of HPE showed obvious advantages in higher efficiency, shorter extraction time, at lower energy costs.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2011

본 연구는 제주지역에서 생산되는 세 종류의 물과 서울지역에서 사용되고 있는 수돗물 등 네 종류의 물을 전탕용수로 하여 중요 한약재인 대황으로부터 활성성분을 추출하고 용수 중의 미네랄이 대황활성성분 추출에 미치는 효과에 대하여 비교 분석하였다. 유도결합플라즈마방출분광기와 유도결합플라즈마질량분석기를 이용하여 30여종의 미네랄과 다수의 음이온을 분석하였다. 각 전탕용수로 대황을 추출하고 그 추출액의 일부를 증발시켜 총 추출량을 구하고, 또한 HPLC를 이용하여 추출액으로부터 대황의 생리활성 성분을 분석하였다. 용수 간 총 추출량과 대황 성분함량의 차이 검정을 위하여 Kruskal-Wallis 검정을 시행하였고, 미네랄, 음이온, 총 추출량 및 성분함량과의 관계분석을 위하여 다중요인분석을 시행하였다. 분석결과 용수 중의 미네랄 함량은 대황의 총 추출량 및 성분 추출량과 높은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.