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http://dx.doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2016.32.6.628

Determination of Antibiotic Residues: II. Extraction and Clean-up Methods for Liquid Samples_A Review  

Kim, Chansik (Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Ryu, Hong-Duck (Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Chung, Eu Gene (Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Kim, Yongseok (Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Rhew, Doug Hee (Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment / v.32, no.6, 2016 , pp. 628-648 More about this Journal
Abstract
Increased attention has been paid to the presence of veterinary antibiotics in various environmental matrices due to their toxicological behavior in the ecosystem and development of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. In the this review, 37 target antimicrobials were selected based on annual sales of antibiotics for livestock in South Korea 2014. Also, extraction and clean-up methods for the determination of the antibiotic residues in liquid samples including water, milk, and honey were comprehensively reviewed in the literature. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was commonly used as a pre-treatment method for the samples. Most of the analytes were extracted in acidic conditions (2.5~4.0) except for aminoglycosides, which were extracted in neutral conditions (7.0~8.0). ${\beta}-Lactams$ showed the highest recoveries in neutral pH due to their degradation characteristics in acidic media. Starta-X, Oasis HLB, and Oasis MCX were frequently applied as an SPE cartridge and Oasis HLB showed the highest recoveries for the majority of antibiotic classes. The homogenized honey and milk were extracted by mixing with acids for deproteinization. Solids and other interfering substances in the extract were eliminated by centrifugation followed by membrane filtration or SPE before injection into HPLC.
Keywords
Extraction; LC-MS/MS; Liquid sample; Pre-treatment; Veterinary antibiotic residues;
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