• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

지난 2019년 말 발생한 COVID-19는 2020년을 기점으로 국내에 본격적으로 확산되기 시작하여, 사회 전반에 커다란 영향을 미치고 있다. COVID-19 확산을 억제하기 위한 방역수칙들은 인간 생활에 많은 변화를 가져왔으며, 사회적 거리두기 등 사회활동 제한에 따른 다양한 영향이 사회 전반에 걸쳐 나타나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 물 분야 COVID-19 위기 대응의 일환으로, COVID-19 확산에 따른 국내 상수도 사용량 변화를 분석하고, 상수도 사용량의 변화가 공급 서비스에 미치는 위협을 알아보고자 하였다. 국내 중소규모 도시인 S시 주거지역을 대상으로 COVID-19 확산 전후 일정기간 동안의 1시간 단위 용수 사용량 자료를 수집하였으며, 먼저 수집 데이터를 분석 목적에 따라 정제하고 전체 용수 사용량의 변화 및 사용 비중 변화, 그리고 시간별 용수 사용 패턴 변화 등을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 가정용수 및 영업용수 사용량 및 이용패턴이 COVID-19 확산 이후 뚜렷한 변화를 보였으며, 일부 사용량 변화는 상수도 운영관리 차원에서의 검토가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권1호
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• pp.423-446
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• 2003

While the demand for energy has shown a sharp increase recently, the supply seems to be limited by the fact that the conventional fossil fuel energy or nuclear energy has its own environmental problems such as, for example, global warming or nuclear waste disposal. To overcome such limited supply of energy, the utilization of natural thermal energy such as river water and seawater as well as treated sewage can be a substantial supplement. The potential use of the unused energy has become more and more feasible these days as the heat pump technology has been advanced. In the present study, the unused energy resources are estimated on regional and monthly basis for each resource by the method proposed here in order to establish the fundamental data for its utilization. The potential use of the unused energy is a1so discussed.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2019

This paper presents the results of using cold plasma to treat surface water for domestic use purpose. Experimental results showed that cold plasma was an effective method for destroying bacteria in water. After treatment with cold plasma, concentration of coliform and Escherichia coli dramatically reduced. Besides, cold plasma significantly removed water odor, increased dissolved oxygen and decreased the concentration of chemical oxygen demand. However, cold plasma significantly raised the concentration of nitrite and nitrate. Other disadvantages of treating with cold plasma were conductivity increase and pH reduction. Pretreatment steps of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration followed by disinfection with cold plasma exhibited a high efficiency in surface water treatment. All parameters of surface water after treatment by using the prototype satisfied with the allowance standard of domestic water quality.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.82-91
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• 2008

This paper sought to provide information regarding the water resources in the Philippines, focusing on the issues of water quality, status of water use and water scarcity, and other threats to water availability. Although the country has sufficient amount of water resources, it was found out that water availability is still threatened by some major water resources problems: increasing water demand due to drastic growth in population, water resources pollution, droughts and flooding and weak institutional framework to address these problems. Water quality problems include increasing groundwater and surface water pollution. Moreover, drought and flooding have also increased damages in recent years due to deteriorating watersheds and high economic and population growth. In relation to these, the Government enacted national laws to define and deal with water control and quality management. The objective of this research was to present and evaluate current conditions and issues on Philippine water resources.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

This paper sought to provide information regarding the water resources in the Philippines, focusing on the issues of water quality, status of water use and water scarcity, and other threats to water availability. Although the country has sufficient amount of water resources, it was found out that water availability is still threatened by some major water resources problems: increasing water demand due to drastic growth in population, water resources pollution, droughts and flooding and weak institutional framework to address these problems. Water quality problems include increasing groundwater and surface water pollution. Moreover, drought and flooding have also increased damages in recent years due to deteriorating watersheds and high economic and population growth. In relation to these, the government enacted national laws to define and deal with water control and quality management. The objective of this research was to present and evaluate current conditions and issues on Philippine water resources.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.397-414
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• 2021

The steady growth in population has led to an enhanced water demand and immense pressure on water resources. Pharmaceutical residues (PRs) are unused or non-assimilated medicines found in water supplies that originate from the human and animal consumption of antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics etc. These have been detected recently in sewage effluents, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water. Due to their toxicity and potential hazard to the environment, humans and aquatic life, PRs are now categorized as the emerging contaminants (ECs). India figures in the top five manufacturers of medicines in the world and every third pill consumed in the world is produced in India. Present day conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective and don't eliminate them completely. The use of nanotechnology via advanced oxidation processes (AOP) is one of the most effective methods for the removal of these PRs. Present study is aimed at reviewing the presence of various PRs in water supplies and also to describe the process of AOP to overcome their threat. This study is also very important in view of World Health Organization report confirming more than 30 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide. This will lead to an alleviated use of antibiotics, antipyretics etc. and their subsequent occurrence in water bodies. Need of the hour is to devise a proper treatment strategy and a decision thereof by the policymakers to overcome the possible threat to the environment and health of humans and aquatic life.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

This study was investigated agricultural water supply system of major agricultural waterway for Gimje canal, Jeongeup canal, Dongjin river conduit of Dongjin river basin. Furthermore, this result will be used for water resources and agricultural demand in Saemangeum reclaimed arable land. Annual precipitation for 5 years in Dongjin river basin was 1,311.7mm. The average discharges in Dongjin river basin was $1,390{\times}10^6\;m^3$ and $1,516{\times}10^6\;m^3$ and $744{\times}10^6\;m^3$ for 2,007 and 2008, respectively. Also, annual average amount of water resources was 1,861${\times}10^6\;m^3$ and $2,279{\times}10^6\;m^3$ and $1,227{\times}10^6\;m^3$ for 2,007 and 2008, respectively. Dongjin river basin water system for the analysis of agricultural water in water resources, runoff, agricultural water demand and usage surveys were analyzed, resulting in the total amount of water due to precipitation of the watershed of the $12.3{\times}10^9\;m^3$ ~$22.8{\times}10^9\;m^3$ and Dongjin River basin in waters flowing discharge is $7.4{\times}10^9\;m^3$~$16.1{\times}10^9\;m^3$, agricultural water demand and usage of each of $6.8{\times}10^9\;m^3$~$6.9{\times}10^9\;m^3$ and $4.9{\times}10^9\;m^3$~$7.1{\times}10^9\;m^3$ compared to the agricultural water demand was more likely. Agricultural water supply system in Dongjin river basin is complex because of devided branches to the main canal and branch canal. In this process, accurately assessment of water usage is very difficult. Therefore, systematic management of water resources and supply of agricultural water supply system to use the terms of the complexity and diversity by considering the appropriate level of agricultural water management systems will be needed. As a result of this study, it can be used water resources assessment in quantity, rational usefulness and basic planning of water resources development for water distribution.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.800-808
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• 1999

The demand for PU coated synthetic leather is increasing as a high fashion material. But it has some faults of water vapor permeability surface tacky property and static electricity. Therefore the purpose of this study was the produce of PU coated fabric added collagen with hydrophilic property and soft touch. In the PU coated fabric water vapor permeability water vaper absorption and frictional electronic voltage were investigated surface bending and compression properties were also examined by the use of KES-FB System. The followings were the results of this study. 1. There was no Cr in the collagen so that Cr was not treated in the collagen. 2. The surface and cross sectional layer of PU coated fabric with collagen were highly developed by micro porous structure. 3. The water vapor permeability of PU coated fabric was increased as collagen concentration increased. 4. The water vapor absorption of PU coated fabric was increased as collagen concentration increased. 5. The frictional electronic voltage of PU coated fabric was decreased in accordance with the increase of collagen concentration. Especially it effectively decreased by the use of only 5% collagen concentration. 6,. The bending and compression properties of PU coated fabric were increased in accordance with the increase of collagen concentration so that it became stiff. 7. The Value of MIU, SMD was decreased in accordance with the increase of collagen concentration so that the PU coated fabric became smooth.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.784-791
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• 2007

The present work aims to use a biofilter technology(aerated submerged filters) for the aerobic transformation at laboratory-scale of olive washing water(OWW) generated in the first steps of olive oil processing, as well as the genetic profiling and identification to the species level of the bacteria involved in the formation of the biofilm, by means of TGGE. Chemical parameters, such as biological oxygen demand at five days($BOD_5$) and chemical oxygen demand(COD), decreased markedly(up to 90 and 85%, respectively) by the biological treatment, and the efficiency of the process was significantly affected by aeration and inlet flow rates. The total polyphenol content of inlet OWW was only moderately reduced(around 50% decrease of the inlet content) after the biofilter treatment, under the conditions tested. Partial 16S rRNA genes were amplified using total DNA extracted from the biofilm and separated by TGGE. Sequences of isolated bands were mostly affiliated to the $\alpha-subclass$ of Proteobacteria, and often branched in the periphery of bacteria] genera commonly present in soil(Rhizobium, Reichenowia, Agrobacterium, and Sphingomonas). The data obtained by the experimentation at laboratory scale provided results that support the suitability of the submerged filter technology for the treatment of olive washing waters with the purpose of its reutilization.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.625-638
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• 2013

Recently, the occurrences of droughts have been increased because of global warming and climate change. Water resources that mostly rely on groundwater are particularly vulnerable to the impact of precipitation variation, one of the major elements of climate change, are very sensitive to changes in the seasonal distribution as well as the average annual change in the viewpoint of agricultural activity. In this study, the status of drought for the present and future on Jeju Island which entirely rely on groundwater using SPI and PDSI were analyzed considering regional distribution of crops in terms of land use and fluctuation of water demand. The results showed that the precipitation distribution in Jeju Island is changed in intensity as well as seasonal variation of extreme events and the amount increase of precipitation during the dry season in the spring and fall indicated that agricultural water demand and supply policies would be considered by regional characteristics, especially the western region with largest market garden crops. Regarding the simulated future drought, the drought would be mitigated in the SPI method because of considering total rainfall only excluding intensity variation, while more intensified in the PDSI because it considers the evapotranspiration as well as rainfall as time passed. Moreover, the drought in the northern and western regions is getting worse than in the southern region so that the establishment of regional customized policies for water supply in Jeju Island is needed.