• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.501-509
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• 2022

Pollen corrected from Quercus species is abundant in Korea and has been used to treat anemia and inflammation of the prostate gland. It is also used for hemostasis in oriental medicine. In this study, the ethanol extract of the acorn pollen and its subsequent organic solvent fractions using hexane, ethylacetate, butanol, and water residue were prepared, and their antioxidant, anti-thrombosis, and hemolysis activities were evaluated. The ethylacetate fraction of acorn pollen (EF-AP) showed the highest polyphenol content (225.0 mg/g) and strong antioxidant activity among the solvent fractions. The RC₅₀ of EF-AP against DPPH, ABTS, and nitrite radicals was 72.2, 27.7, and 62.6 ㎍/ml, respectively. The blood coagulation activities of the all-solvent fractions determined by thrombin time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time were negligible up to 5 mg/ml. Platelet aggregation inhibitory activities were observed in the EF-AP, butanol fraction, and water residue, whereas hexane fraction induced strong platelet aggregation. The EF-AP has no hemolysis activity against human RBC up to 1 mg/ml. UPLC/MS/MS analysis of the EF-AP revealed that rutin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin are major compounds for antioxidant and anti-thrombosis activities. Our results suggest that EF-AP could be developed as a noble antioxidant and anti-thrombosis agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1371-1377
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• 2011

This study was carried out to compare the antioxidative effects of various Nandina domestica fruits extracts. Organic fractions, including n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions, were obtained from the water and ethanol extracts of N. domestica fruits. The phenolic compound content of the EE fraction was 922.22 mg/g. The flavonoid compound content was highest in the EB fraction (282.49 mg/g). The electron-donating ability was highest (93%) in the WA and EH fractions at 0.1 mg/mL. The SOD-like activity was showed the highest in the EA fraction (56.36%), and EH and EC both showed higher than 50% activity. The nitrite-scavenging ability of the EC fraction at 1.0 mg/mL under pH 1.2 conditions was 82.03%. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of all the fractions, except WE, were higher than 90% at 0.5 mg/mL. The effect of tyrosinase inhibition was highest in the WE fraction (46.75%). These results show that the N. domestica fruits fractions contained high levels of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds, along with excellent antioxidative effects. This suggests that N. domestica fruits can be used as a functional material.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 2014

In this study, oil as a source of biodiesel from Nannochloropsis oceanica was extracted using organic solvent. The oil extraction yield and efficiency from dry and wet microalgae were investigated. The initial fatty acids content of the N. oceanica was 317.8 mg/g cell showing a high oil content over 30%. The yield from dry microalgae was higher than that from wet microalgae due to the inhibition of water. The yield by chloroform-methanol was the highest and the yield by hexane was the lowest. However, the total fatty acids contents with the chloroform-methanol were 678.7 and 778.2 mg/g oil under dry and wet conditions, respectively. The high oil extraction yield by chloroform-methanol reflected the fact that the extracted oil contained a high level of impurity. The hexane-methanol extraction from dry N. oceanica showed high oil extraction efficiency, 82.6%. The chloroform-methanol extraction under wet condition also showed high efficiency, 88.0%. While the hexane-methanol extraction from dry microalgae is desirable under low drying cost, the chloroform-methanol extraction from wet microalgae is desirable under high drying cost.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.757-764
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• 2015

The immature fruit of Rubus coreanus Miquel (bokbunja in Korean) is mainly consumed as a fruit wine due to its sour taste and low sugar content. The lees (LBW) remaining after the production of bokbunja wine are discarded as they have no specific usage. The aim of this study was to develop high-value-added biomaterials for functional foods and beauty/health products by investigating the anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-thrombosis activities of LBW using ethanol and hot water extracts and their subsequent organic solvent fractions. The ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of LBW extracts has a high polyphenol content (413–459 mg/g), and showed strong anti-microbial activity against gram-positive bacteria. The EA fraction also showed excellent radical-scavenging activity against DPPH anion, ABTS cation, and nitrite, with strong reducing power. The polyphenol-enriched EA fraction strongly inhibited thrombin, prothrombin, and blood coagulation factors. The butanol fraction showed a specific inhibition of coagulation factors, as measured in activated partial thromboplastin time assay, which is linked to intrinsic blood coagulation. The butanol fraction also showed strong inhibition of platelet aggregation, at levels comparable to aspirin. The residue of the hot-water extract, which is produced by sequential solvent fractionation of the LBW extract, showed superior inhibition against platelet aggregation when compared to aspirin. Our results suggest that the LBW, which are currently discarded, are a promising source of novel functional foods and beauty/health products.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2016

Background: This study determined the effects of mulching, an environment friendly organic cultivation method, on antioxidant compound contents and growth in Codonopsis lanceolata, commonly known as Deodeok. Methods and Results: C. lanceolata was treated by mulching with several different methods (a non-woven fabric, biodegradable film, or rice husks) and also treated with hand weeding. A non-treatment plot was used as a control. The growth and levels of weed control in C. lanceolata were better in plants cultivated under mulching treatments (non-woven fabric, biodegradable film, and rice husks) than in those under non-mulching treatments (hand weeding and non-treatment). The contents of antioxidant compounds, such as total flavonoids, phenolics, and anthocyanins, were highest under the biodegradable film treatment, followed by the non-woven fabric treatment, rice husks treatment hand weeding, and non-treatment. There were identifiable differences in DPPH and ABTS activity in comparison to antioxidant compound content by solvent fractions. Mulching treatments resulted in higher DPPH scavenging activity in water and ethyl ether fractions and ABTS scavenging activity in n-butanol fractions than in other fractions, as opposed to hand weeding and non-treatment groups, although total activity of DPPH and ABTS did not increase with mulching treatments. Conclusions: Mulching C. lanceolata with biodegradable film and non-woven fabric is an effective method for improving plant growth and inhibiting the occurrence of weeds as well as for increasing antioxidant compound content and altering antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 1988

The rate of utilization of the oak cork (bark of Quercus variabilis Blume) ranges only 40-50%. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the chemical properties of the oak cork for increasing the utility. 1) The contents of alkali extractives, organic solvent extractives and ash in the oak cork are similar to those of other barks, but hot and cold water extractives and lignin contents are lower than those of the wood. The carbohydrate (cellulose and hemicellulose) content of the oak cork is similar to that of other barks. The suberin contents in the first and the second bark of the oak cork are 34.8 and 32.2% respectively, in the dry weight. 2) Inorganic component contents of the first bark are similar to those of the second. The pH of the first and the second bark are 3.9 and 4.2%. The caloric values of the first and second bark are 6,263 Kcal/kg, and 5,828 Kcal/kg, respectively, and these caloric values are higher than those of other barks. The sclerencymatous cell content of the first bark which is related to the quality of the oak cork is lower than that of second bark, the contents of the sclerenchymatous cell and lignin show the positive correlation. 3) In the dimension of the cross sectioned cork cell, the first bark is bigger than that of the second. The shape of the cork cell is globular shape in the early bark and discoid shape in the late bark. The cross and the radial section are the same shape, but the tangential section shows difference from the other section.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.720-725
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate extracting solution effect on the chemical compositions in different parts of Korean mountain Ginseng. Water, 80% EtOH and 80% MeOH are used as extraction solutions, and extracting conditions were 2 hr at $85^{\circ}C$ in water bath. The Brix(%) of the extract were ranged from $0.42{\sim}22.58%$, 80% EtOH extract for leaf is the highest level as 22.58%. The pH ranges of the extracts were $4.43{\sim}7.41$ and brown color of the extract was the highest with 1.803 in 80% EtOH extract for leaf, respectively. In case of hunter's color value of the extract, L value is the highest with 24.35 in 80% EtOH extract of seed, a and b value were the highest with 0.41 in 100% water extract of leaf and 3.69 in 80% MeOH extract of stem. Sucrose is the major free sugar of the extinct it highest content with 3673 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of mot and fructose is the highest with 1897 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of leaf, Major organic acids are identified as malic, tartaric and citric acid, and total organic acid content is the highest with 5,254 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of leaf and 1,527 mg% in 80% EtOH extract of leaf, The extracted major minerals ate P and K, P content highest with 15,563 ppm in 100% water extract of stem, K is 4,952 ppm in 80% MeOH extract of leaf, and Ca is the highest with 3,052 ppm in 1011% water extract of leaf. These results suggest that extracting solvent (80% MeOH) is concerned with the extract preparation of Korea Mountain Ginseng.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.674-680
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) on the process of melanogenesis. Cell viability of B16F10 cells was measured by MTT assay and melanin content was assessed using the method of Hosoi with some modifications. Methanol extract of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (MFLL) significantly inhibited melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, and it reduced the activity of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme. Additionally, $\alpha$-melanocyte stimulation hormone ($\alpha$-MSH)-induced hyperpigmentation was down-regulated by MFLL. MFLL was fractionated by organic solvent. In the present study, Hexane extract of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (HFLL) inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin production of B16F10 cells in the absence or presence of $\alpha$-MSH. Ethyl acetate, butanol and water layers did not affect tyrosinase activity and melanin production. Meanwhile ethyl acetate, butanol and water layers showed DPPH free radical scavenging activity. These results suggest that extract of FLL could be used as functional biomaterial in developing a skin whitening agent having the antioxidant activity.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.266-270
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• 2005

Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)$_5$) Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as surface-modifying agent to control the size of the iron oxide nanoparticles. The crystalline structure of PVP coated iron oxide nanoparticles was determined by XRD. The size of PVP coated iron oxide nanoparticles was determined by TEM and ELS. The particle sizes of PVP coated iron oxide nanoparticles were controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of PVP/Fe (CO)$_5$, solvent and molecular weight of PVP Particle sizes increased with increasing PVP content. Spherical $50\~100$ nm sized iron oxide nanoclusters were produced when dimethylformamide was used as a solvent. And well-defined 10 nm iron oxide nanoparticles were produced in Carbitol. The prepared PVP coated iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited a well-dispersed property in water. The results obtained in this study confirmed the feasibility of the PVP-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as a biomaterial for MRI contrast agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.425-432
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• 2015

This study was performed to develop high-value-added biomaterials for health and beauty products. Extracts of ethanol and hot water and their subsequent organic solvent fractions were prepared from Lees of Wookukseng (LW), a commercialized Korean traditional rice wine. We investigated their activities on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, hemolysis against human red blood cells (hRBCs), and anti-oxidation. The water content, pH and brix of the LW were 80.3%, 3.94 and 13.0°, respectively. The yield of ethanol extraction (6.62%) was 3.15 times higher than that of hot-water extraction (2.1%), and the ethyacetate fraction (EAF) of ethanol extract showed the highest content of total polyphenol (128 mg/g) among the various fractions. In anticoagulation activity assay, the EAF of ethanol extract showed a 15-fold extension in TT, PT, and aPTT, indicating that the EAFs contain various inhibitory substances against thrombin, prothrombin and coagulation factors. In anti-platelet aggregation activity assay, the butanol fraction and water residue of ethanol extract showed significant inhibition activity. The activities were comparable to aspirin, a commercial anti-thrombosis agent. The above extracts and fractions did not show hemolysis activity against hRBC up to 5 mg/ml, and had radical scavenging activity against DPPH anion, ABTS cation and nitrite. Our results suggest that the active fractions prepared from LW, which has no specific usage until now, have a high potential as novel resources for anti-thrombosis agents.