• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2019

This study compared the contents of phenolic components depending on the extracting conditions of Acanthopanax koreanum stem to provide basic information for developing Acanthopanax koreanum-based functional foods. Our findings show that the content of total phenolic component peaked at 16 hours of extraction (WAK-16, 7.22%) and when water extracted at $100^{\circ}C$. However, 11-hours water extraction (WAK-11) showed highest eleutheroside B concentration of 1.32%, a main component of A. koreanum, and the level of chlorogenic acid concentration was the highest when 1-hour water extraction (WAK-1) was conducted, being 2.12%. Moreover, highest concentration of eleutheroside E was observed in 16-hours water extraction (WAK-16) as 1.49%. With 60-hours water extraction (WAK-60), the content of syringaresinol, an active phenolic aglycon substance, concentration was the highest with the value of 0.10%. Isofraxidin showed the highest concentration of water extract(0.09%) for 20 hours (WAK-20) and 0.42% for sinapyl alcohol[16 hours (WAK-16)].

• Clean Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2024

Plant polyphenols have attracted attention recently because of their abundance in the human diet, high antioxidant effects, and ability to prevent various diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this study demonstrated the extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds from Allium hoorkei root (AHR) using subcritical water extraction (scWE) under various temperatures (120 ~ 160 ℃) and times (30 ~ 180 min) at a fixed pressure (10 MPa) and AHR to water ratio (1:20, w/w). Furthermore, this study used severity factors, the combined effect of the temperature and time, in order to optimize the conditions for achieving a high yield and efficient recovery of target bioactive phenolic compounds while minimizing the degradation of the extracted products and maintaining a high selectivity. Subcritical water extraction at 160 ℃ for 30 min (severity of 3.24) produced a relatively high yield (88%) and high number of bioactive compounds including total phenolic contents (31.3 mg GAE/g dry AHR) and rare sugars (D-picose, D-talose, and D-tagatose) compared to Soxhlet extracts obtained from extraction for 8 h with water and 75% ethanol. As a result, the extracts obtained from the green scWE process may have high potential applications in medicines and functional foods because of their high bioactivity and safety.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.421-426
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• 2004

The extraction and separation of isoflavones from Korean soybean were peformed by various mechanical and chemical extraction methods. They included solvent extraction, stirring, supersonification and sub/supercritical water extraction. From the experimental results of the variation of solvent extraction by change in composition, the increase in extraction of a specific compound by stirring or supersonic energy, and the application of supercritical fluid with superior solvating power over solvents, the sonification was the most desirable extraction method in extracting aglycone isoflavones, daidzein and genistein from Korean soybean.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.252-258
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• 2006

To find the optimum extraction condition of dried omija, central composite experimental design having three independent variable (extraction temperature, extraction time and water ratio) with five levels was conducted for response surface analysis. The maximum of soluble solid was predicted to the extraction conditions of over 25 fold water ratio, $7{\sim}8hr$ and $75^{\circ}C$. Total acid, total phenol, reducing sugar and vitamin C were predicted to respectively 30 fold water ratio, 6 hr, $70^{\circ}C$, 30 fold water ratio, $6{\sim}7\;hrs,\;80^{\circ}C$ and 30 fold water ratio, $6{\sim}8\;hr,\;80^{\circ}C$, 25 fold water ratio, $5{\sim}6hr,\;80^{\circ}C$ extraction condition. Turbidity of extraction condition. Turbidity of extraction condition was 7 over 25 ford water ratio and over $60^{\circ}C$. From the superimposing results of response variables, the optimum extraction condition was predicted 25 folds water ratio, 6 hr and $65{\sim}70^{\circ}C$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.408-414
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• 2019

In this study, an antioxidant was extracted from dandelion leaves using traditional hot water and ultrasonic extraction methods. In order to optimize the extraction yield and total flavonoid, an antioxidant, Box-Behnken design (BBD) model among response surface analysis methods was used. In the case of hot water extraction, the extraction temperature and time as well as the ratio of alcohol/ultrapure water were set as variables, and for the ultrasonic extraction, the ultrasonic survey century and irradiation time and the ratio of alcohol/ultrapure water were variables. Optimum extraction conditions in the hot water extraction method were the extraction temperature and time of $45.76^{\circ}C$ and 1.75 h and the ratio of alcohol/ultrapure water of 41.92 vol.%. While for the ultrasonic extraction method the survey century of 512.63 W, the ratio of alcohol/ultrapure water of 56.97 vol.% and the extraction time of 20.79 min were optimum conditions. Expected reaction yield and flavonoid content values under the optimized condition were calculated as 22.09 wt.% and 28.98 mg QE/mL dw, respectively. In addition, the error value of less than 3% was obtained validating our optimization process.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2000

The effect of combinations of temperature, water column height and extraction time onthe efficiency of wet funnel extraction methods for enumerating Enchytraeids in a blanket bog peat soil from Moor House, Cumbria, England were investigated. The optimal conditions for extracting enchytraeids from this study were found to be a water surface temperature of 35$^{\circ}C$, with an extraction time of 6 hours, regardless of initial water temperature and water level in the extraction funnel. The original O'Connor method (40-45$^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours extraction and gradually increasing heating) yielding a high variation in the extraction efficiency, largely due to the comparatively higher temperature and shorter extraction time than this method. Attempts to extract without heat over longer periods showed very low extraction efficiencies for this highly organic blanket bog soil when compared with any of the heating wet funnel methods.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1998

Antimicrobial activities of the extracts from spices microorganisms related to kimchi fermentation were investigated. 32 kinds of spices such as allspice, mount, basil, bay leaves, caraway, cardamon, celery, chilli powder, chives, cinnamon, clover, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, garlic, horseradish, marjorarm, mugwort, mustard, nutmeg, onion, oregano, paprika, parsely, pepper, peppermint, rosemary, sage, tarragon, thyme and tumeric were extracted with water, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Fractions were tested for antimicrobial activities against Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, The extracts of 28 kinds of spices except caraway, cardamon, paprika and tarragon by water extraction, those of 29 kinds except arrowroot, paprika and tarragon by ethyl ether extraction, those of 30 kinds except paprika and tarragon by ethyl acetate extraction, and those of 29 kinds except clover, paprika and tarragon by ethanol extraction showed strong antimicrobial activities against Lactobacillus plantarum. On the other hand, the extracts of 28 kinds of spices except caraway, cardamon, paprika and thyme by water extraction, those of 27 kinds except cardamon, cumin, paprika, tarragon and thyme by ethyl ether extraction, thou of 30 kinds except paprika and thyme by ethyl acetate extraction, and those of 28 kinds except cardamon, cumin, paprika and thyme by ethanol extraction showed strong antimicrobial activities against Leuconostoc mesenteroides.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.329-333
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• 2021

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is an eco-friendly extraction method that uses only purified water as a solvent under high temperature and high pressure conditions. In this study, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity were evaluated in Ziziphus jujuba Mill extracts from subcritical water obtained by varying the extraction temperature (110-190℃) and extraction time (1-20 min). Total phenolics was maximized with extraction at 190℃ for 15 min (67.79±3.45 mg gallic acid equivalent/g jujube). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (48.84±4.74%) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) free radical scavenging activity (84.75±1.15%) were maximal at extraction conditions of 190℃, for 20 min. All jujube extracts prepared using SWE had higher total phenolics and antioxidant activities than extracts prepared using organic solvent extraction (60℃, 120 min), including methanol and ethanol. SWE could be an excellent alternative to organic solvents for extracting phenolics and antioxidant compounds.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 2003

The chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of green tea extracts in medilite-extraction water were compared to that of distilled water(DW). Antioxidant activity was fetermined by the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat liver homogenates and microsomes and the scavenging activity of free radicals by DPPH ($\alpha$, $\alpha$'-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl). The order of total polyphenolic compounds and extracted yield by extracts was medilite 325 mesh-extraction water, medilite 600 mesh-extraction water and distilled water(DW). The ranges of scavenging activity of green tea extracts in DPPH method were 60.95% - 64.51%. The inhibition ratios of TBARS formation in the rat liver homogenates and microsomal fractions were significantly lower with green tea extracts by DW-extraction than with both medilite 325 mesh and 600 mesh-extraction water. The concentration of iron ion of water containing medilite 325 mesh and green tea extracts and of water containing medilite 600 mesh and green tea extracts were significantly higher compared to DW. Therefore, this result suggested that enhanced concentration of iron ion in green tea extracts by medilite-extraction water containing high iron ion content was associated with enhanced peroxidation of the rat liver microsomal fractions. These results showed that total polyphenolic compounds, the % of yield and mineral compounds of green tea extracts were increased using medilite 325 mesh and 600 mesh-extraction water.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.317-319
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• 2002

Exo-polygalacturonase (EPG) from Rhizopus sp. was applied to the extraction of alginic acid from sea mustard to increase extraction yield. EPG digestion was examined under distinct conditions within temperatures from $25^{\circ}C$ to 5$0^{\circ}C$, pH 5 to 9, and treatment times from 0 to 36 hr. The optimal conditions fur alginic acid extraction with EPG were: pH 7.0 at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs. The EPG hot water extraction yield was 3.4 times higher yield than hot water extraction alone. Using EPG to extract alginic acid from sea mustard should be considered a viable alternative to conventional extraction, with the advantage of reducing hazardous wastes such as strong acid and alkali solutions.