• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.421-435
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• 2006

This study considered the history and range of concern to the citizenship education in the British geography education with respect to the appearance of the citizenship subject in National Curriculum. Although British geography education mainly put on emphasis citizenship education focused on national identity through imperialism ideology up to World War II, it has aimed at the local and global citizenship education which put focus on the reflection of students to individual value and value position, and social justice after the 1980s. Not only an inner change of such geography education but the external factor of appearance of citizenship subject has stimulated more concern about citizenship education. After that, British geography education community constructs the logic of theoretical justification and urges teachers' practical research and continuous concern as plan for geography subject to lead citizenship education all the time. On the other hand, recently British political and social cultural geographers observe spaces of the citizenship which makes difference and identity and the radical and critical citizenship which put focus on the local and the global scale from the national. Therefore, citizenship education through geography subject must put more emphasis on not national identity but the local and global identity for social justice and a better world.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 2018

This study is for species identification for each structure member such as Pillar, Bo, Changbang, Dori, Jangyeo, Judu, Donjaju, Chunyeo, Guitle, and Jongdae, of Pungnammun Gate (Treasure 308). Jeonju is the birthplace of Joseon Dynasty and Pungnammun Gate was the southern gate of old Jeonjueupseong which was walled town. Provincial Governor of Koryeo Dynasty, Yu Gyeong Choi built Jeonjubuseong and four gates at all cardinal points in 1388. And the gate was burnt down by Jeongyujaeran (war with Japan in 1597). It was rebuilt by King Yeongjo (Joseon Dynasty) in 1734 and renamed 'Pungnammun' after 34 years. It was designated for Treasure 308 for its unique style of architecture and historic values in 1963. In this study, all of wooden structure members were Pinus spp.. This result was matched for the result of major species for wooden building of late Joseon Dynasty. It can be used to complete database for architecture of Castle's Gate and help for restoration of cultural heritage in the future.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.137
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• pp.33-56
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• 2016

This article criticizes the dichotomous world view in which the East and the West are absolutely divided from each other and asserts that the East and the West should be understood as 'we' who ought to acknowledge each other not only as subjects but also reciprocally as 'others'. If the East is 'I', then the West is 'You' and vice versa and as such, the East differs from the West. Hence, supposing that they both regard themselves as subjects and if they realize that they can also be others against the other subject, they as different subjects should be understood as 'others in us'. Since the 19th Century the East has made efforts to learn and accept Western culture and thought. But it seems that the East has never regarded the West as an 'other in us', but rather as either an 'other outside of us' or as 'the real I that it should develop into'. This shows the self-contradictory perspective of the East. It can be thought that such an attitude was revealed as typical of the Far East in the 19th Century, in which the Opium War broke out and Sinocentrism collapsed. On the other hand, the West has never recognized the Eastasan 'other in us'. Nowadays we pursue the most actual value, that is, 'globalization'. In order to realize that value for the development of the whole human, it is necessary that both the East and West should first recognize each other as the 'other in us'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 2019

Korean seafarers have played a key role throughout the country's history and economic development. They have been a major source of foreign remittance into the nation as well as a pivotal sector in emergency logistics during war times. However, the current number of Korean seafarers in decreasing due to low job attractiveness and retention rate onboard. This is a major problem for the national and international shipping industry as youth seem not to be interested in working onboard for long periods of time. The purpose of this study is to 1) determine what the public opinion about seafarers in Korea is and 2) find out what factors mostly stand out in the public opinion about seafarers profession. The paper suggests that three main types of opinion groups emerged. The first type is labeled as 'high risk, high workload and high stress' as respondents recognized a high possibility of accident onboard and, at the same time, acknowledged that seafarers can be fatigued and stressed. The second type was named as 'Dangerous, Dirty, Difficult', as seafarers' image was mainly associated to fishing vessels and not to merchant and passenger ships. The third type recognized that the social position of the seafarers was low due to 'low social recognition'. The study suggests that all three types have a negative image of seafarers' job. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to establish various policies and marketing tools to improve the negative job image linked to seafarers by the public opinion. If the public image of seafarers can be improved and attractiveness rose, it is expected a higher number of seafarers will pursue and keep a career at sea.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.135-144
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• 2019

Recently, the Kim Jong Eun regime announced the completion of nuclear armed forces, and has been holding a summit meeting between the ROK and the US administration to promote the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula by the complete dismissal of the North Korean nuclear weapons toward the international community and the Republic of Korea. North Korea's Kim Jong Eun declares complete denuclearization, but in order to complete the real denuclearization of the Korean peninsula we seek, we need more practical preparation and preparation. In modern international society, the jungle law logic is applied precisely. A country that is not prepared cannot exist in history unless it believes only the good will of the other party and makes substantial preparations. Therefore, the top priority for us to prepare at this point is to obtain and manage complete information on the reality of North Korea's weapons of mass destruction. In particular, the weapons of mass destruction possessed by North Korea must be identified early on, and preparations for such weapons are essential, due to the seriousness of the damage. Therefore, this study complements the inherent limitations of modernized technology information in order to obtain accurate information on North Korea's threat of weapons of mass destruction, which is a serious issue directly linked to the survival of the Korean people and the state, And the operation plan was specified.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.291-298
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• 2021

In this study, the future of countermobility capability is presented by analyzing the status of the countermobility obstacles focusing on the history of landmines and munitions. The conventional landmine was forbidden globally by the CCW and Ottawa Treaty because it caused civilian damage after the war. Because the inhumanity of those mines had been acknowledged, shatterable mines with a self-destruct (SD) function and M93 "HORNET" anti-tank munition with enhanced sensors have been fielded. In 2016, the Obama administration announced a policy that banned all antipersonnel landmines, leaving a considerable gap in the countermobility capability. To deal with these problems, the developments of "SAVO" and the SLEP program of Volcano mines were conducted. In the sense of a long-term approach, the countermobility obstacles, including mines, were chosen as fundamental forces for Multi-Domain Operations and were improved to Terrain Shaping Obstacles (TSO). TSO has improved sensors and mobility kill capabilities and features an enhanced remote control over each munition on the battlefield through a network established with satellite communication. The combined arms countermobility might be fully capable until 2050 if the TSO program can be completed successfully.

• Art History and Visual Culture
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• no.22
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• pp.254-279
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• 2018

This essay traces the origin and the social function of medieval knights in Edwin Austin Abbey's murals ${\ll}$The Quest of the Holy Grail${\gg}$ in the Boston Public Library. Medieval knights in the Arthurian legend appeared in American novels at the end of 1850s and in political cartoons in the 1870s. They are featured in American Renaissance murals as well. ${\ll}$The Quest of the Holy Grail${\gg}$ painted in 1895 was the first of its kind. In Britain, the Pre-Raphaelites frequently painted medieval knights. Abbey fused the visual idiom of the Pre-Raphaelites and that of the Royal Academy of Arts in his depiction of knights. Unlike the Pre-Raphaelites, who usually focused on knights' activities, he emphasized their virtue. His representation of knights reflect the social and economic crises in America in the 1890s. After the Civil War, American society enjoyed economic prosperity but suffered from government corruption, economic inequality, and class conflict. Serious social problems such as poverty and inequality decayed American society. Writers and artists brought attention to these issues. This essay argues that Abbey criticized capitalists and expressed his hope for progress through the figure of Galahad as the iconic representation of civic virtue in ${\ll}$The Quest of the Holy Grail${\gg}$. Installed in the Boston Public Library, Abbey's murals performed a public function to warn the viewers of economic and social chaos resulting from government corruption. Abbey's American knights not only emphasized moral responsibility but also promoted patriotism. The artist refashioned medieval knights into American citizens, whose civic virtue became essential to an ideal leader in American society.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.41
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• pp.477-516
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• 2010

The Korean art history academia has lately been carrying out active research on the Korean art market and art collectors. This area of research is significant in that it attempts to overcome the limitations of previous research trends focused on tracing back and analyzing preeminent masters, their schools and their influence, and approach new subject matters such as art and society, circulation and consumption of art works, which were unapproachable with previous research methods. This paper examines the life, artwork and art collection activities of Songeun(松隱) Yi Byeong-jik(李秉直: 1896-1973), an outstanding painter, calligrapher and art collector during the Japanese colonial period. The primary purpose of this paper is to advance the research project the author has recently initiated on modern Korean art collectors by reconstructing parts of this major art collector's individual lifestyle and to generally identify the art collection activities and the art works that he kept. Yi Byeong-jik, one of the preeminent art collectors during the colonial period, disposed his voluminous collection through two auctions in 1937 and 1941, and then held another auction two weeks before the onset of the Korean War on June 25, 1950 to sell off the remaining works. It seems that the reason why Yi had auctioned off his collections was for the purpose of investing in education. The tale that Yi safely kept 'Sam-guk-yu-sa(三國遺事),' which is considered a national treasure, even through the time of turbulence is evidence of his exemplary behavior as a model art collector. He may be one of the best examples of what an art collector should be in terms of giving back to the society and preserving things of beauty and value. However, one factor that limited and defined Yi's life was that he was a eunuch. This aspect of his life could be pointed out as the biggest factor that stopped him from becoming a mainstream participant in the art world despite his influence as a great painter, calligrapher, significant art collector, and discerning connoisseur.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.62-70
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• 2021

2020 was a year in which the world spent in disorder due to the pandemic of Coronavirus infection-19(COVID-19). The pandemic was at the beginning of a turning point in history. For examples, the Black Death(Pest) that destroyed the feudal system of medieval Europe in the 14th century, smallpox that led to the destruction of the Inca Empire by Spain in the 17th century, and the Spanish flu that ended World War I early. The great transformation that will come after COVID-19 is presented from various fields and perspectives, but the understanding and direction of the transformation is ambiguous. This study attempts to derive and to analyze core terms based on a network of the future of globalization after COVID-19. Four Networks related to globalization, anti-globalization, and globalization and digitalization after COVID-19 were established respectively. A network integrating four networks was also constructed. The core terms were extracted from the hub nodes, the stress centrality, and the simplified network to which the K-core algorithm was applied. After COVID-19, the changes in globalization were analyzed from the extracted core terms. This study is thought to be meaningful to propose a method of deriving and analyzing core terms based on a network in understanding social changes after COVID-19.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.709-718
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• 2020

Even after Fukuyama declared "The End of History" in 1989, the challenge to liberal democracy continues. Controversy about totalitarianism is constantly being raised both internally and externally in democratic countries and leaders, as well as the US-China war of supremacy. In this paper, I explored a hypothesis about the totalitarian process, and to explain this hypothesis, I analyzed the case of Venezuela, which was once referred to as a welfare model state. This paper presupposes Fukuyama's insistence on the universality of liberal democracy but considers the last man Nietzsche argues for the last man he assumes. Accordingly, the process of totalitarianism was viewed as a process in which totalitarianism was institutionalized and spread internationally through the linkage and interaction of the last fallen humans, the masses, and totalitarians in the international and domestic environments. According to this hypothesis, the Bol?var Revolution and Chavez show the process of transformation into a typical quasi-totalism. Although the Venezuelan people preferred democracy, they remained the last man who had become a man of "rich consciousness." While investigating this hypothesis, it was confirmed that extensive and interdisciplinary studies such as digital t otalitarianism and the development of science and technology should be followed.