Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
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A Study on Korean Seafarers Public Image based on the Q-methodology

Q 방법론을 활용한 우리나라 선원 직업 이미지에 관한 연구

  • Jo, Sohyun (Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries Technology) ;
  • D'agostini, Enrico (Graduate School of International Studies, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2019.04.04
  • Accepted : 2019.04.26
  • Published : 2019.04.30
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Abstract

Korean seafarers have played a key role throughout the country's history and economic development. They have been a major source of foreign remittance into the nation as well as a pivotal sector in emergency logistics during war times. However, the current number of Korean seafarers in decreasing due to low job attractiveness and retention rate onboard. This is a major problem for the national and international shipping industry as youth seem not to be interested in working onboard for long periods of time. The purpose of this study is to 1) determine what the public opinion about seafarers in Korea is and 2) find out what factors mostly stand out in the public opinion about seafarers profession. The paper suggests that three main types of opinion groups emerged. The first type is labeled as 'high risk, high workload and high stress' as respondents recognized a high possibility of accident onboard and, at the same time, acknowledged that seafarers can be fatigued and stressed. The second type was named as 'Dangerous, Dirty, Difficult', as seafarers' image was mainly associated to fishing vessels and not to merchant and passenger ships. The third type recognized that the social position of the seafarers was low due to 'low social recognition'. The study suggests that all three types have a negative image of seafarers' job. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to establish various policies and marketing tools to improve the negative job image linked to seafarers by the public opinion. If the public image of seafarers can be improved and attractiveness rose, it is expected a higher number of seafarers will pursue and keep a career at sea.

2017년 말 기준으로 우리나라 취업 선원은 약3만5천명이며, 한국 선원은 매년 조금씩 감소하는 반면에 외국인 선원은 증가하고 있다. 우리나라 선원은 해방기 이후 외화가득의 주역이며 비상시 군수물자를 운송할 수 있는 사회경제적으로 가치 있는 직업이다. 그러나 최근 선원 직업의 사회적 인식이 다소 부정적이고, 예전처럼 젊은 선원의 유입비율의 증가가 높지 않으므로 우수한 선원의 확보는 국내 국제적으로 중요 이슈이다. 본 연구는 20대에서 50대 사이의 일반 대중을 대상으로 Q 방법론을 활용, 선원 직업을 어떻게 인식하는지 이미지 인식의 유형과 특성을 분석하였다. PQ Method 프로그램을 활용하였고, Q 요인분석에 의한 선원 직업 이미지 인식은 3개 유형으로 분류되었다. 제1유형은 'High Risk, High Workload and High Stress' 직업으로 선박의 사고 위험 가능성을 높게 인식하며 동시에 선원의 업무가 고부하로 피로와 스트레스를 받을 것으로 인식하였다. 제2유형은 'Dangerous, Dirty and Difficult' 직업으로 선박이 사고 위험성에 노출되어 있음을 인식하는 반면에 어선이라는 특정 선종에 한정하여 선원이 존재한다고 인식하였다. 제3유형은 'Low Social Recognition' 직업으로 선원과 선원 직업이 사회적 위치와 위상이 낮다고 인식하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 해운산업의 핵심 인적자원인 선원을 안정적으로 확보하고, 선원 또한 해양산업종사자들의 직업적 만족도와 취업률을 높이기 위해서는 대중들이 인식한 선원의 부정적 직업 이미지를 전환할 수 있는 다양한 방안을 마련해야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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