• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate installation status of information facilities and condition of walking road influencing to psychological safety of walking tourists. For this purpose, four roads for walking tour are selected; the course no. 16 of Jeju Olle Trail, Sarabong Byeoldobong walkway in Jeju and the course no. 8 of Bougil, Gyeongpo Lake walkway in Gangneung. Facilities installed on roads for walking tour are classified into four facilities; safety facility, information facility, amenity facility, local cultural facility. In order to consider installation status of information facilities and condition of walking road influencing to psychological safety of walking tourist, a field experiment was conduced focusing on the course no. 16 of Jeju Olle Trail. Thirteen cases were happened as confusing situation while walking tour. Of the 13 cases, the situation of being lost and wandering on the trail accounted for six cases. In contrast to the expectation that the situation of being lost and wandering would occur only at a crossroads, it is not that such situation took place at specific places like a crossroads or where direction signs were inaccurate. Walking tourists of this field experiment also confronted situations of having lost confidence about continuing the ongoing direction, of having anxiety over walking a walking trail, of feeling discomfort caused by walking and of being offended by uncomfortable or messy areas of walking trial. These confusing situations are happened inappropriate installation of direction sign, so direction sign is needed to install more carefully and detailed.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2002

본 논문은 보행자도로의 용량을 산정하고 서비스수준을 제시하여 보행자도로의 계획 및 설계기준을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하는 연구이다. 이를 위해 보행자도로 시설에 해당하는 사당역내 환승로, 수원역내 환승로 강남역 주변보도, 수원역 주변보도에서 출근시간대 통근·통학을 목적으로 하는 보행자를 대상으로 각각 조사지점의 보행속도와 보행밀도 자료를 수집하여 회귀분석을 통해 보행속도와 보행밀도에 관한 일차 직선식을 도출하였다. 도출된 일차 직선식을 통해 보행교통량과 보행속도에 관한 추정식을 구해 각 조사지점의 용량을 산정 하였다. 산정된 결과를 비교해 보면 환승로가 보도의 용량 값 보다 높게 산정 되었으며, 용량 값의 범위는 106인/분/m 에서 126인/분/m 사이에 분포하였다 본 연구에서 산정 된 보행자도로의 용량 값은 미국 도로용량편람에서 제시한 보행자도로의 용량 값(75인/분/m)에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 이것은 한국인과 미국인의 인체타원의 크기의 차이와 보행시 다른 보행자와의 보행간격을 유지하며 걷는 문화적 타이에 따른 보행간격의 타이가 용량 값과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있으며, 이들의 차이에 따라 국외 또는 조사지점의 특성이 다소 달라지는 것으로 분석되었다. 아울러, 이러한 연구결과로 제시된 보행자도로의 용량과 서비스수준의 기준은 보행자도로의 계획 및 설계기준을 제시하게 되며, 기존의 보행자도로 시설의 운영상태 분석에 기초자료로 활용되리라 판단된다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.584-597
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• 2015

보행로 서비스 수준 평가에 활용된 기존 지표는 보행의 양적인 측면에만 집중한다는 점에서 서비스 수준을 올바르게 평가하지 못하는 한계점을 갖고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 본 연구는 평가를 위한 효과척도로 접근성 지표를 제안하였다. 특히 대중교통수단과 보행로간의 접근성에 주목하여 변수를 구축하였다. 본 연구는 3단계로 구성된다. 1단계에서는 버스와 지하철 등의 대중교통 지표를 활용해 접근성 변수를 수단별로 정의하였다. 2단계에서는 접근성 변수와 보행류율간의 상관관계를 검토하였다. 3단계에서는 접근성 변수를 포함한 보행로 서비스 수준의 영향요인을 규명하는 모형을 개발하였다. 개발 결과, 접근성, 보행로 기하구조, 주거와 상업 등의 토지이용 용도 등이 보행로 서비스 수준에 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 접근성, 상업용도 면적 비율은 보행 활동을 유인하여 서비스 수준을 떨어트리는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이와 함께 지장물과 버스 정류장이 입지하는 경우에도 서비스 수준은 하락하였다. 그러나 주거면적 비율이 높거나 유효보도폭이 넓을수록 서비스 수준은 향상되는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 보행로 서비스 수준 산정, 유효보도폭 결정 등의 분야에 활용될 수 있다.

• Architectural research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2006

Campus core is an essential element in a university's physical environment for symbolic importance of high educational philosophy as well as hierarchical significance of campus structure. Yet, as modern expansion develops into and out of campus core, a challenging design and planning problem for a growing university is how to integrate a new development into the existing core structure and how to expand the fast-growing development beyond the core while maintaining a symbiotic harmony between the campus core and the modern expansion. Such challenge addresses four design frameworks for symbiotic development of the campus core and the modern expansion: (1) building grouping with territorial proximity; (2) building design rules for form and texture; (3) open space network with pedestrian walkway; (4) use-programming for on-campus student community. This study aims to explore these issues with in-depth case study of the Princeton University campus in Princeton, New Jersey in the United States. The study concludes that the Princeton campus is a result from successful synthesis of all the complex design elements, especially in relationship between the old and the new; and adds further that the development of a modern university campus requires a comprehensive plan that takes into account the older buildings when conceiving the new in symbiotic relationship along with open space network as well as functional program distribution.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2016

The elevator is an essential part of the transportation means in modern society. It has become the convenient movement means of vertical and horizontal mobilities for vulnerable citizens including the disabled or elderly in skyscrapers and the multi-purposes facilities. After the 1990s, the number of newly installed elevators have increased because of the establishment of large scale public houses which need an increase of means of transportation. Thus, the safety accident in the elevator has been currently in an increasing trend as years passed by because that the elevator is always exposed to the risk of accident. Most of the elevator accidents occur in the escalator and moving walkway. This study investigated the current usage situations of users at multi-purpose shopping spaces, the sub way, and the airport about the escalator including moving walkway. Moreover the accident types were analyzed for the escalator based on 10 years of statistics. And the methods for the accident prevention were proposed on the equipment, management and user side.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2010

The house of the China Korean ethnic group in the countryside, kitchen is one of the most important rooms, which works for cooking, warming, and storage. Besides, it has some complementary functions such as washing and showering. The spatial structure of the kitchen is divided into three types, 'jeongji', 'walkway' and 'independent' one. Those houses which are near Korea peninsula mainly belong to the 'jeongji' type; whereas those houses which are in the inland of Jilin, Heilongjiang and Liaoning Provinces mainly are 'walkway' and 'independent' types. The main constituents of the kitchen include pots and pans, water supply and sewerage, fuel and storage etc. The differences among these constituents lead to the geographic differences in the aspect of cooking method and dietary culture, and finally the different kitchen spatial characters are manifested.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

The most ordinary form of residential type in Korea is a plate-type apartment, and the common space in these apartment is attracting as an important factor for enhancing social exchanges among neighbors and forming community consciousness. In addition, it provides a sense of psychological security by enabling natural exchanges and communication in contemporary society. It is desirable to plan the flow of space in such a way that private, semi-private, semi-public, and public spaces are linked. Semi-private and semi-public spaces can be defined as common spaces. Semi-private spaces are strongly recognized in the order of unit household entrance, main entrance, elevator, corridor, staircase, playground, bench, trail, walkway and parking lot, exercise space, main/back gate, the ability to gratify is increased sense of belonging, ownership consciousness formation, defensive function. Semi-public space is strongly recognized in the order of playground, bench, exercise space, trail, main entrance, walkway and parking lot, unit household entrance, main/back gate, corridor, staircase, elevator, the ability to gratify is increase of social contact, Secondary activity space function. In addition, the function to gratify in the common space differs according to gender and age group among resident characteristics, and differs according to corridor type, parking lot type and main entrance type. Therefore, differentiated planning of common space is needed in consideration of these differences in the design of common space in future.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2023

While melting glaciers due to global warming have facilitated the development of polar routes, Arctic vessels require reliable anti-icing methods to prevent hull icing. Currently, the existing anti-icing method, i.e., the heating coil method, has disadvantages, such as disconnection and power inefficiency. Therefore, a carbon nanotube-based surface heating element method was developed to address these limitations. In this study, the numerical analysis of the surface heating element method was performed using ANSYS. The numerical analysis included conjugate heat transfer and computational fluid dynamics to consider the conduction solids and the effects of wind speed and temperature in cold environments. The numerical analysis method of the surface heating element method was validated by comparing the experimental results of the heating coil method with the numerical analysis results (under the -30 ℃ conditions). The surface heating element method demonstrated significantly higher efficiency, ranging from 56.65-80.17%, depending on the conditions compared to the heating coil method. Moreover, even under extreme environmental conditions (-45 ℃), the surface heating element method satisfied anti-icing requirements. The surface heating element method is more efficient and economical than the heating coil method. However, proper heat flux calculation for environmental conditions is required to prevent excessive design.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권2D호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2006

보행은 가장 권장되어야 하는 중요한 교통수단임에도 불구하고, 아직까지 구체적인 연구가 미미한 실정이다. 특히, 자동차 위주의 교통계획으로 인하여, 도로시설의 용량분석 및 서비스수준 평가를 위해 제정된 "도로용량편람(HCM)"에서 조차 보행 및 보행공간에 대한 구체적인 분석방법이 제시되어 있지 않고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 현재의 보행 서비스수준의 분석 기준인 보행유율에 소음수준과 주변밝기 정도를 추가로 고려하는 보행자가 직접 느끼는 서비스수준을 산정하기 위하여 퍼지근사추론을 사용하였다. 입력변수는 보행유율, 소음수준, 밝기정도를 사용하였으며 주간과 야간으로 나누어 퍼지근사추론 모형을 구축하였다. 구축된 모형의 예측력 분석은 $R^2$와 MAE 그리고 MSE를 사용하였으며 그 값은 주간모형의 경우 각각 0.803, 0.729, 0.735이고 야간모형의 경우 0.893, 0.878, 0.860으로 모형의 설명력이 높음을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구과정에서 야간의 경우 보행유율이 높을수록 밝기정도보다는 소음수준이 보행만족도에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.139-160
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• 2021

The verandah was a common feature of Chinese multi-storeyed houses in Southeast Asia and China. This paper argues that while an earlier version of a narrow walkway might have had its origin in Singapore, the building of an extension on the upper floors encroaching the airspace over the road skirting the building was an arrangement allowed by the colonial Hong Kong government in compensation to landlords for space devoted to ventilation. As the introduction of reinforced concrete allowed buildings to become taller, the more attractive it was to developers to incorporate the verandah design.