• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2000년도 한국우주과학회보 제9권2호
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• pp.35-35
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• 2000

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• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2013

This study attempts to grasp outpatients' demands for interior space of outpatients departments through evaluating them. Six departments in H general hospital such as surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, obstetrics, and urology, were evaluated. Evaluating items were consisted of ones related to spatial layout, furniture, interior climate, color and finishes, and dressing room of each waiting area, doctor's room and treatment room in six departments. The subjects were 210 outpatients who were using one of six departments. The results were ; 1) The outpatients evaluated very high interior space of waiting areas in six departments. 2) They evaluated doctor's rooms to be relatively high. However, visual privacy in there was not enough met. 3) The treatment room was also evaluated relatively high. However, furniture and equipment arrangement, consideration for patients and a dressing room were evaluated relatively low. 4) The outpatients' evaluation was significantly different by their gender and age. The male evaluated them higher than the female. Also, the older patients evaluated them higher than the younger. 5) The outpatients responded that ventilation, comfort interior, and space arrangement were very important elements in healthcare facility design.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.593-598
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• 2007

대중 교통수단 중에서 아직도 많은 사람들이 버스를 이용한다. 그러나 버스 승객들이 사용하는 버스터미널의 대기공간은 점차 늘어나는 버스터미널 이용객들이 만족하는 서비스의 제공이 원활히 이루어지지 못 하는 현실이다. 이에 버스를 이용하기 위한 승객들의 대기 공간에서 나타나는 행태와 환경행태에 대한 조직적인 관찰을 통해서 기존장소에 대한 분석을 하였다. 그리하여 주어진 환경 안에서 얻을 수 있는 환경경험과 주어진 환경 내에서 발생되는 환경행태에 영향을 주는 요인들에 대한 정의를 내리고 이렇게 나온 자료(data)와 정보(information)를 근거로 하여 Redesign시 고려하여야 할 설계지침서(design guideline)를 제안하고자 한다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2020

Scheduling of electric vehicles and optimizing for charging waiting time have been critical. Meanwhile, it is challengeable to exploit the fluctuating data from electric vehicles in real-time. We introduce an optimal routing algorithm and a simulator with electric vehicles obeying the Poisson distribution of the observed information about time, space and energy-demand. Electric vehicle routing is updated in every cycle even it is already set. Also, we suggest an electric vehicle routing algorithm for minimizing total trip time, considering a threshold of the waiting time. Total trip time and charging waiting time are decreased 34.3% and 86.4% respectively, compared to the previous algorithm. It can be applied to the information service of charging stations and utilized as a reservation service.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.491-500
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• 2017

최근 중국에서는 어린이 전문병원을 통해 어린이에 특화된 진료서비스를 진행하고 있으나, 어린이병원의 치유환경을 개선하기 위한 디자인적 고려는 매우 미흡한 상황이다. 특히, 어린이병원의 진료대기공간은 병원에 대한 인상을 형성할 뿐 아니라, 환아(患兒)의 심리를 안정시킬 수 있는 가장 중요한 치유공간이므로 진료대기공간의 환경디자인은 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 중국 대도시에서 현재 운영되고 있는 어린이병원의 진료대기공간을 치유효과를 높이는 환경디자인으로 개선할 수 있도록, 북경 소재 어린이 병원들에 대한 현장조사와 치유환경디자인 평가를 진행하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 진료대기공간 환경디자인에 대한 개선방향을 도출하고자 하였다. 선행연구들을 바탕으로 병원의 치유환경 요인으로 물리적 환경, 심리적 환경, 행위적 환경 측면에서 8가지 세부요인들을 정의하였고, 북경에 위치한 어린이병원 6 곳을 방문하여 관찰 평가를 진행하였다. 평가결과, 중국 어린이병원의 경우 쾌적성, 개방감이 상대적으로 우수하였다. 반면, 물리적 환경 측면에서, 안전성, 접근성, 자연 친화성이 낮았다. 심리적 환경 측면에서, 프라이버시, 사인시스템의 심미성이 낮았다. 행위적 환경 측면에서는 활동성을 촉진할 수 있는 환경이 제공되지 않았다. 결론에서는 이러한 평가결과를 바탕으로 현재 북경에서 운영되고 있는 어린이병원의 진료대기공간의 환경디자인 개선방향을 제안하였다.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통계학회 2000년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.105-108
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• 2000

We consider a Markovian retrial queue with waiting space in which the service rates and retrial rates depend on the number of customers in the service facility and in the orbit, respectively. Each arriving customer from outside or orbit decide either to enter the facility or to join the orbit in Bernoulli manner whose entering probability depend on the number of customers in the service facility. In this paper, a stochastic order relation between two bivariate processes (C(t), N(t)) representing the number of customers C(t) in the service facility and N(t) one in the orbit is deduced in terms of corresponding parameters by constructing the equivalent processes on a common probability space. Some applications of the results to the stochastic bounds of the multi-server retrial model are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.473-488
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• 2000

We consider a Markovian retrial queue with waiting space in which the service rates and retrial rates depend on the number of customers in the service facility and in the orbit, respectively. Each arriving customer from outside or orbit decide either to enter the facility or to join the orbit in Bernoulli manner whose entering probability depend on the number of customers in the service facility. In this paper, a stochastic order relation between two bivariate processes(C(t), N(t)) representing the number of customers C(t) in the service facility and one N(t) in the orbit is deduced in terms of corresponding parameters by constructing the equivalent processes on a common probability space. some applications of the results to the stochastic bounds of the multi-server retrial model are presented.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2003

Bus station is a public space which many people use and various activities are occurred in urban life. Main activities are waiting for departure or passengers with the feelings of joys and sorrows. Also sound information including announcing message of arrival and departure are to be considered carefully. Considering these roles of bus station, creating acoustic amenity is a prerequisite to the spaces. In this study, the spaces of bus station were classified into 4 spaces such as approaching path, waiting palace, departure and arrival platform. Observation survey was conducted to extract various activities in the view point of sound in each space. And subjective response was analyzed before and after introducing prepared sounds.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2017

This study investigates the waiting and resting behaviors of children within a restorative healthcare facility design. In particular, the aim is to compare children with and without disabilities and reveal similarities and differences in terms of their behavioral characteristics and uses of design facilities, related to positive distraction, for restoration in the hospital. Three major common spaces for outpatients in S children's hospital in Seoul were examined including the main lobby and two waiting and resting spaces in the pediatric and rehabilitation medicine departments, respectively. A total of 155 children under the age of 12-67 with physical disabilities and 88 without-were observed while they waited and rested at the three spaces before or after doctors' examination. Basic demographic information and waiting and resting behavioral characteristics were compared between the two groups. The results indicated that the disabled children were more restricted in terms of space, facilities used, and social behaviors. However, regardless of disabilities, the children showed more positive distractions related to cognitive and social behaviors in areas where restorative design elements such as an aquarium, garden, or visual images were available. Based on the results, design implications were discussed to strengthen positive distraction behaviors in children with and without disabilities and to foster the restorative quality of the spaces for waiting and resting in the children's hospital.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the design characteristic about the public space of privately-built apartment housing after the enforcement of price deregulation in Daegu. The public space of the multi-family housing is monotonous and closed according to the position of an elevator and a stair hall by the 1990's. However, the housing has been gentrified since 2000 because of demands of residents and purpose for selling in lots. Thus, the recognition of the apartments has changed and this change has led to extend the living territory and magnify the role of the public space where help interact with neighbors. This study is based on the survey of thirty nine apartment complex. Also, by using an analysis derived from a precedent study, design elements in approach and interior space of apartment residents are comprehended. The characteristic of the porch is researched and divided according to a roof of porch, form as the door, material of roof, wall, the ceiling and floor. Interior space is analyzed by several elements; forms of core, forms, materials and lights of ceiling, materials of walls and floors, existence and nonexistence of windows, and extra interior components etc. As a result of the study, After the enforcement of price deregulation, the public space of apartments has had improved quality in materials and design and the community center for residents such as waiting rooms and spots facilities has appeared. However, the traffic line of interior space has been very intricate. Also, sports facilities and waiting areas are limited to some apartments.