• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.60
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• pp.27-46
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• 2013

The Incoterms and United Nations Convention on Contract for the international Sales of Goods(CISG) allocate a risk in their articles. These rules make a decision that the parties who make a transaction are bound to bear the risk or damages of goods. Though a goods have a damages or loss during a transportation, buyer is liable for the payment of purchase price. In this case, this paper defines the meaning whether who can bear the risk under Incoterms and CISG. In the majority cases which deal between parties, after shipment or at the end of carriage, the loss or damages are found in buyer's hand. If a damages or loss is made during transit, customarily these risk are covered by insurance. Otherwise, these rules provide a tools for solving this problems. Then, between parties should be accomplished their target equitably.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.79-87
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether employed mothers' extended working hours have effects on childcare style and work-family conflicts. The data came from the 2007 Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family(KLoWF) of the Korean Women's Development Institute. 475 females with preschoolers or elementary-school children were used in this study. The major findings can be summarized as follows: (1) Weekly average working hours varied by education, salary, and the presence of preschoolers. (2) The time of childcare was significantly shorter in mothers who work more than 50 hours/week (3) Mothers who worked more than 50 hours/week felt significantly high work-family conflict. These analyses pointed to the importance of obeying the law related to working hours as the most important thing to sustain work-family balance. Institutional foundations should be enabled to keep legal working hours.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.176-186
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• 2010

Purpose: To review the effectiveness affecting to the shoulder functionalities and upper numbness by Traditional Korean Medical treatment who are given a surgical operation for breast resection by breast tumor Method: To report the patients with dysfunction of shoulder joint and numbness in upper limb after breast surgery who improved by Traditional Korean Medical treatment and to study Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) management of complications of breast surgery. Results: After about 2weeks treatment, patient's symptoms and signs were improved. TKM management was effective in recovery of shoulder function and upper limb numbness after breast surgery. Conclusion: We need to actively participate in management of complications of breast surgery as adjuvant therapy. And more study is needed for developing Traditional Korean Medical indication of complications of breast surgery.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.919-932
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• 2010

This investigation examined the association between demographic variables, acculturation and acculturative stress. Participants in the study were 360 Pilipino, Vietnamese, Chinese, Chinese-Korean and Japanese woman who had married internationally and were living in Jeonbuk-Do. Hierarchical regression analyses determined that among the independent variables examined, age, Korean language ability, marital satisfaction, and ethnic identity had significant predictive effects on the levels of acculturative stress experienced. Young women who had lower Korean language proficiency, lower marital satisfaction, and higher ethnic identity showed more higher level of acculturative stress. Implications of this research were discussed with particular attention given to possible support programs for women in international marriages.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.619-624
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• 2010

The traffic accidents of the aged are increasing because old people generally experience a decline of physical functions and judgment but their dependence on automobiles increases. In order to investigate the older drivers' response to traffic signs and surrounding environment according to changing driving brightness, this study measured the visual cognitive behavior, driving behavior, and subjective evaluation while the driving brightness was changed using a driving simulator. Furthermore, the drivers who recognized traffic signs and those who did not were compared. As a result, it was found that some older drivers had declined ability of cognition, some failed to adapt to rapid brightness change even if sufficient attention was given to traffic sign, and some could not safely control the vehicle when approaching intersections. Therefore, the development of support systems for aged drivers in traffic environment is necessary in the future.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 2010

Digital watermark technologies conceal the information of video contents that presents who is the owner and/or who is the user. In spite of various attempts to insert watermark, trials to mark information of users or buyers into contents have not been successful. It is the reason that the rates of detection is decreased seriously if there are some attacks to the contents such as resizing or bitrate decreasing. In this paper, the algorithm to insert the coded watermarks of users into video contents and to detect them without original contents under attacks will be described.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.281-283
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• 2011

통계청의 65세 이상 독거노인의 실태(통계청의 '2010 고령자 통계') 통계에 의하면, 2010년 65세 이상 노인이 홀로 사는 '노인단독가구(독거노인)' 수는 1,021천 가구로, 총 가구의 6.0%를 차지하고 있으며, 2030년에는 노인 단독가구의 비중이 11.8%에 이를 것으로 전망하고 있다. 또한 이런 독거노인들은 열악한 환경 속에서 건강문제, 경제적인 어려움, 외로움, 소외감 등 여러 가지 복지서비스적인 문제점이 나타날 보여 진다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 앞으로 점점 고령화사회로 진전이 이루어질 것으로 보이기 때문에, 독거노인의 증가로 인해 발생되어지는 문제점을 현실적으로 파악하고, 이들이 요구하고 있는 복지 수요를 대처하기 위한 실버케어시스템을 설계하여 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.996-999
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• 2010

Business transactional process is usually long running computation which requests services from multiple enterprises. Web Services Transaction specification (WS-TX) defines a protocol, WS-BusinessActivity which is specifically designed for such lengthy interaction and maintains overall consistency through compensation. However timely web services transaction is prone to compensate due to tasks' missing deadline. Therefore, this paper proposes a reservation-based protocol which is used to select providers who can provide resources promptly and deselect ones who may fail. And this selection happens during resource reservation phase and before real commitment. In this way, we achieve the goal of minimizing transactions' compensation. Finally, we design the framework architecture for the proposed protocol that is extended from WS-BusinessActivity.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2010

This study was conducted in order to understand grandmothers' satisfaction of caring for working mothers' children and the influence of related variables with regard to living arrangements. The data were collected from 245 grandmothers who have been caring for their grandchildren for more than 6 months. The data were analyzed by mean, t-test, $x^2$-test, and hierarchical multiple regression. The results were as follows: First, Degree of satisfaction was lower in grandmothers who were living with their children than those who were not. Second, the variables affecting the grandmothers living with their children were economic status, extent of care giving activities, and social support, wherein social support proved to be the most influential. In the case of those not living with their children, the significant variables were motive and social support, motive being more influential. This result indicates that affecting variables differ by the grandmothers' living arrangements, and thus the strategy to enhance their care giving satisfaction should differ as well, based on the findings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy on postpartum blues and maternal attachment of puerperal women. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The participants were puerperal women who agreed to participate in this study and through a convenience sampling, 60 puerperal women were recruited (30 in the experimental group, 30 in the control group). After measuring postpartum blues and maternal attachment, music therapy was provided to the experimental group over 40 min, once a day, and for 8 days. Then, postpartum blues and maternal attachment for the experimental and control group were measured again on the 8th day. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 Program. Results: The first hypothesis that "the degree of postpartum blues for the experimental group who participated in music therapy would be lower than that of the control group" was accepted (t=4.350, p<.001). The second hypothesis that "the degree of maternal attachment of the experimental group who participated in music therapy would be higher than that of the control group" was accepted (t=4.828, p<.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that music therapy has positive influences on decreasing postpartum blues and increasing maternal attachment of puerperal women.