• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2002

Analysis of No. 199∼145 cross-sections set up by the Ministry of Construction (1978) in the middle reaches of the Sumjin River around Sunchang, Daegang, and Goksung areas have been done for delineating the changes In fluvial geomorphic features. The entire river-bed in the study area has been considerably degraded since 1978. In some cross-sections, the thalweg shillings are observed. Two aspects are responsible for the erosion-dominant environment. First, flow velocity has been increased. Human activities including wetland destruction, ex-channel destruction and artificial levee construction reduced the channel width, and fixed the channel geometry. This has resulted in increase of the water velocity. Pebble and granule∼coarse sand are prevailing on the river-bed, indicate the high speed of the currents. Second, aggregate has been intensively mined during 1980s∼1990s around the areas. Especially, in the right side of the cross-sections No. 188∼187 and the left side of the cross-section No. 155, erosion toward under the artificial levee is remarkable. This can be led to bank failure in case of heavy rainfall.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.57-89
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• 2007

The Korean government has put mamy efforts into the protection of ecological values of coastal and marine ecosystems since the mid 1990s, recognizing ecological values and economic contributions of coastal and marine ecosystems. Rapid increase of coastal and marine protected areas in terms of number and size implies the innovative change of national policy regarding ecosystem protection. As of the end of 2006, the total number and size of the protected areas account for 425 and $10,666.8km^2$ respectively. Despite of this achievement, the current policy regime on the protected areas has not been quite successful dealing with in managerial issues. The ambiguity and the lacking objectivity of designation criteria have, been causes of pending issues such as conflict outbreaks, 'paper parks', duplicated designation, etc. This paper aims at improving current designation criteria based on AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). The suggestion of the study covers both the new designation criteria and the weighing factor on each criterion considering different ecological and socio-economic characteristics of 'wetland protected area' and 'marine protected area'.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.723-734
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze the change in vegetation for 10 years after the construction, targeting Suwoncheon, the first domestic ecological stream construction project. As for the section for the study, the section from Gyeonggi bridge to Youngyeon bridge, the first restoration project section, was targeted. The research districts consisted of 3 districts depending on topographical structure. Investigation check cosisted of cross-sectional topographical structure, vegetation status and the structure of herbaceous plant community. As for the cross-sectional topographical structure of the stream, the width of entire stream was 26.5~28.0m and water channel is 10~20m. The area for hydrophilic space was securing spacious riverside. Upper stream of reservoir beam was shallow and slow in reservoir area above weir. Lower stream of reservoir beam, the width of water channel was narrow and ripples were formed. Among species, 9 plants were planted and 6 species plants including Salix gracilistyla, Phragmites communis and Zoysia japonica were planted at the time of construction. In the water side, there were 2 species, such as Zoysia japonica and Trifolium repens, etc, still remained after seeding at the time of constrcution. The planted plants which were observed through this investigation, were 2 species such as Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata. Apart from the planted plants, arid climate herbaceous plant such as Setaria viridis and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis formed power and the naturalized species variously emerged in 15 species. For revetment, natural stone stacking method was condicted and Salix gracilistyla, Aceriphyllum rossii, etc were planted. But all the planted plants disappeared and now it was covered with Equisetum arvense and Humulus japonicus. It was because that the base for growth and development of the plants was not constructed at the time of restoration in a way of attaching natural stones onto the concrete base. In the water channel, various wetland species including Typha orientalis, Acorus calamus var. angustatus and Phragmites communis, etc, were planted but only Salix gracilistyla, Phragmites communis and Zizania latifolia remained. As for species of the autochthons, Persicaria thunbergii was dominant. In the lower stream of reservoir beam, Humulus japonicus formed forces. In the hydrophilic space, it was necessary to direct the landscape of in-stream vegetation in cosideration of users. For this, planting Miscanthus sacchariflorus in a community was proposed. In the upper stream of reservoir beam, suplementary screen seeding was necessary so that Zizania latifolia, Typha orientalis and Phragmites communis can fit the depth of water. In the Lower stream of reservoir beam, it was necessary to constantly manage Humulus japonicus so that the wetland autochthons species, such as Phragmites communis and Persicaria thunbergii can establish power more stably.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.114-128
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• 2013

Rapid industrialization and economic growth have led to serious problems including reduced open space, environmental degradation, traffic congestion, and urban sprawl. These problems have been exacerbated by the absence of effective conservation and governance, and have resulted in various social conflicts. In response to these challenges, many scholar and government hope to achieve sustainable development through the establishment and management of environment-friendly planning. For this purpose, we would like to analyze functional change for ecosystem by future land-use/cover changes in South Korea. Toward this goal, we predicted land-use/cover changes from 2010 to 2060 using the future population of Statistics Korea and urban growth probability map created by logistic regression analysis and analyzed ecosystem service value using costanza's coefficient. In the case of scenario 1, ecosystem service value represented 6,783~7,092 million USD. In the case of scenario 2, ecosystem represented 6,775~7,089 million USD, 2.9~7.6 million USD decreased compared by scenario 1. This was the result of area reduction for farmland and wetland which have high environmental value relatively according to urban growth by development point of view. The results of this analysis indicate that environmentally sustainable systems and urban development must be applied to achieve sustainable development and environmental protection. Quantitative analysis of environmental values in accordance with environmental policy can help inform the decisions of policy makers and urban developers. Furthermore, forecasting urban growth based on future demand will provide more precise predictive analysis.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.575-605
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• 2007

Korea's tidelands policy IS examined and criticized in the paper. Korea's major tidelands in the west coast might disappear within a decade. The anachronistic development IS driven by the political interest group, forming coalition for reclamation and busily fulfilling its own profits under the facade of public good and regional development. But all regions of the world have been gradually scrapping the massive reclamation projects since the 1970's and active movements to reverse the reclamation and restore the nature are on the rise. In 1978, the U.S. Supreme Court decided to suspend the construction of the dam and to protect the snail darter despite that over 100 million dollars had been injected. This court ruling became famous and caused the American public to change their perception about the environment. In the Netherlands, following a prolonged discussion on pros and cons of reclamation, open type seawall was adopted to strike a balance among the available alternatives. Japan's Ministry of Environment was praised for forming the National Wetland Committee in order to designate 20 new Ramsar sites by 2008, with an objective to reach 33 designated Ramsar sites. Away from the large-scale reclamation projects, Korea has to move towards smaller-scale projects focusing on the knowledege intensive and circular economy society that are more in harmony with the environment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.257-270
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• 2023

The paddy environment is classified as a wetland and occupies a very large proportion of the freshwater environment. It is also ecologically important as a habitat and spawning ground for many aquatic insects and amphibian larvae. However, due to climate change and indiscriminate spraying of pesticides, the rice field ecosystem is continuously threatened. In order to restore ecologically damaged rice paddies in the future, information on organisms living in the rice paddy ecosystem, which can serve as a restoration standard, is needed. The eDNA metabarcoding analysis method is a very effective means of accumulating information on many organisms living in the rice field ecosystem because it can indirectly identify the existence of taxa that are no longer found in the target ecosystem due to different adult life periods or metamorphosis. In this study, genes of four species of frogs and nine species of aquatic insects were also discovered, and some taxa were directly discovered in the field. A large number of taxa have been discovered only by DNA searches, and traditional survey methods have only been able to identify very limited taxa. This eDNA-based paddy field biosearch is expected to be very useful in the investigation of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems due to its strong analytical resolution.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.107-118
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• 2004

The flora of the vascular hydrophytes and hygrophytes and the change of flora according to the fluctuation of the water level before and after flooding were investigated from September 2002 to October 2003 in Woopo Wetland and Topyeong Stream, Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The flora of the Woopo, Mokpo, Sajipo, Jokjibyeol, Topyeongcheon Upstream, and Topyeongcheon Downstream were composed of 256, 242, 265, 177, 201, and 180 taxa, respectively. The flora of total study area was 86 families, 232 genera, 302 species, 42 varieties, 6 form, or total 350 taxa. Among them, hydrophytes, hygrophytes, and others were 36, 96, and 218 taxa, respectively. The life form of the vascular hydrophytes was classified as 19 taxa of emergent plants, 6 taxa of floating-leaved plants, 4 taxa of free-floating plants, and 7 taxa of submersed plants. The specified wild plants designated by the Korean Association for Conservation of Nature, Ministry of Forest, and Ministry of Environment were Euryale ferox, Hydrocharis dubia, Persicaria amphibia, Acorus calamus var. angustatus. And Aristolochia contorta was distributed in the study area. The floras of the naturalized plants of the Woopo, Mokpo, Sajipo, Jokjibyeol, Topyeongcheon Upstream, and Topyeongcheon Downstream were composed of 27, 25, 35, 21, 26 and 24 taxa, respectively. The flora of the naturalized plants of total study area was 43 taxa, this equalled 12.3% of total vascular plants in the study area. And 165~244 taxa were surveyed in the each study area before flooding, total 299 taxa, and 86~212 taxa after flooding, total 299 taxa. Among them, hydrophytes, hygrophytes, and others were 33 and 29, 93 and 83, 183 and 187 taxa before and after flooding, respectively. Before and after flooding, the species number of emergent plants, floating-leaved plants, free-floating plants, and submersed plants was nearly the same. It was guessed that vascular hydrophytes and hygrophytes adapted to fluctuation of the water level in the study area.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.493-504
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• 2011

Based on 3-period land use data using RS and GIS, this paper analyzed landuse change and subsequent loss of ecosystem service value, using the ecosystem service value coefficients put forward by Costanza. Results show that from 1917 to 2006, area of crop land, plantation, building site, unused land increased and natural forest, grassland, water area, wetland decreased, in Musan region and Hoeryeung region. But the area of natural forest is acute reduced by 7,925.34ha and the amplitude of building site is increased rapidly in Musan region. The area of grass land is acute reduced by 71,594.34ha and the amplitude of unused land is increased rapidly in Hoeryeung region. Total ecosystem services value of Musan region reduced dramatically, from $66,135.26{\times}10^6$ won to $37,894.51{\times}10^6$ won in period 1917~2006. The net decreased ecosystem services value is $28,240.75{\times}10^6$ won and the increased amplitude is 42.71% in Musan region. Total ecosystem services value of Hoeryeung region reduced dramatically, from $145,862.69{\times}10^6$ won to $106,948.44{\times}10^6$ won in period 1917~2006. The net decreased ecosystem services value is $38,914.25{\times}10^6$ won and the increased amplitude is 26.68% in Hoeryeung region. Therefore, the effective measures should be taken to maintain sustainable development of environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2008

As a basic study on the creation of artificial tidal flats using dredged sediments, the pilot-scale artificial tidal flats with 4 different mixing ratio of ocean dredged sediment were constructed in Nakdong river estuary. The phragmites australis was transplanted from the adjacent phragmites australis community after construction, and then the survival and growth rate of the planted phragmites australis were measured. Also the changes of soil chemical oxygen demand (COD), ignition loss (IL), and the heterotrophic microbial numbers were monitored. The survival rate of the planted phragmites australis decreased as the mixing ratio of dredged sediment increased but there was little difference of length and diameter of the shoots. 30% of COD and 9% of IL in the tidal flat with 100% dredged sediment decreased after 202 day, however, fluctuations of COD and IL concentrations were also observed possibly due to the open system. It was suggested that the construction of tidal flats using ocean dredged sediment and biological remediation of contaminated ocean dredged sediment can be possible considering the growth rate of transplanted phragmites australis, decrease of organic matter and increased heterotrophic microbial number in the pilot plant with 100% dredged sediment. However, the continuous monitoring on the vegetation and various environmental factors in the artificial tidal flat should be necessary to evaluate the success of creation of artificial flats using dredged sediments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

Ecological reservoir is a multifunctional space where provides the functions of retention, animal habitat and improvement of ecosystem health and landscape. The ecological reservoir of Anteo Eco Park located in Gwangmyeong-si has established to functions for water purification, maintenance of healthy aquatic ecosystem. Because the Anteo Eco Park is located in the site where nonpoint pollutant materials flow in, Anteo Eco Park has potential factors which aquatic ecosystem health deteriorates and damages the habitat of golden frog(Rana plancyi chosenica) which is restoration target species. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest the plan to manage the variables which impede the right functions of aquatic ecosystem by understanding the causal loop diagram for the change of water quality environment and the interaction of predator-prey through system thinking. The results are as follows. First, the study showed that the individual number of golden frog which is an indicator species of Anteo Eco Park is threatened by snakeheaded fish, which is an upper predator. Therefore, balanced food chain should be hold to protect golden frog by capturing the snakeheaded fish which is individual number's density is high, and the monitoring management of the individual number for predator(snakeheaded fish)-prey(golden frog) should be performed. Second, the study represented that water pollution and carnification is caused by the sediment as the dead body of the large emergent vegetation in the winter cumulates as sediment. Ecological reservoir in Anteo Eco Park has been managed by eliminating the dead body of the large emergent vegetation, but the guideline for the proper density maintenance of vegetation community is additionally needed. Lastly, the study showed that aquatic ecosystem of Anteo Eco Park where is contaminated from the inflow of nonpoint pollutants affects the individual number's decline of golden frog and snakeheaded fish. Accordingly, the creation of a buffer area and a substitution wetland is needed in the periphery of the Anteo Eco Park to control the inflow of nonpoint pollutants including organic matters, nutrients and heavy metals. This study will be helpful that Anteo Eco Park improves the regional landscape and maintain healthy aquatic ecosystem space for the park visitors including local residents.