• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.60-65
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• 2009

The present study was conducted for a comparative evaluation of wet and dry floor heating systems using geothermal heat pump. We circulated hot water from geothermal heat pump which is $10{\sim}15^{\circ}C$ lower than that from boiler. In order to access indoor temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) it took 74 minutes for dry type and 247 minutes for wet type. Average floor temperature was $23.9^{\circ}C$ for wet type and $32.7^{\circ}C$ for dry type. Energy saving rate gradually increased by 66% after 138 minutes. As a result, in case of floor heating system using low temperature circulation water, dry type was more practicable for stable floor heating than wet type in terms of floor temperature and access time to indoor set temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.960-972
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• 2017

The objectives of this study was to investigate the properties and stability of the wet noodles added to nanoemulsion as a industrial model system, and in so doing, survey practical applicability in the food industry. In order to test out these objectives, the characteristics and stability of the wet noodles added to nanoemulsion were investigated and their cooking characteristics and capsaicinoids loss were examined. As a result, the test results showed that the findings indicated that the post-cooking loss of capsaicinoids in the wet noodles added to double-layer nanoemulsion covered with chitosan was less than the losses in the wet noodles added to any other noodles. More especially, this demonstrates that the noodle added to double-layer nanoemulsion covered with chitosan scored significantly higher than the others with reference to their cooking properties, color, texture, stability for storage stability, and sensory evaluation. These results show that the findings of this study demonstrated that the noodles added to nanoemulsions could be produced as a food-grade merchandise because they could provide enhanced encapsulation capacity of capsaicinoids and higher acceptability.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 2019

In this study, extraction, clean-up and instrumental analytical conditions were optimized for identifying and quantifying methyl-, chloromethylbenzi-, octyl- isothiazolinone (MIT, CMIT, BIT, OIT) and 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate (IPBC), widely used biocidal active ingredients in human hygiene consumer products. Accuracy of the developed ultrasonic assisted extraction method followed by HPLC/MS analysis for four isothiazolinones and IPBC ranged between 60.4% and 113% in various types of consumer product samples. Method detection limits ranged 0.011-0.034 mg/kg for wet wipes, 0.57-1.5 mg/kg for liquid detergent and 0.58-1.6 mg/kg for powder detergent. Wet wipes, powder and liquid detergents collected from local market in Korea were analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the developed method. Even after the regulation of those compounds in wet wipes, CMIT, MIT and IPBC were still frequently detected from complementary wet wipes without brand labels which were distributed to customers at local retail shops and restaurants. The maximum observed concentrations of MIT and CMIT found in those complementary wet wipes were 70.2 mg/kg and 11.3 mg/kg, respectively.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2018

Wet polyurethane resin was synthesized by using polytrimethylene ether glycol prepared from 1,3-propanediol produced by fermentation from corn sugar as bio polyol and polyether-polyol(PTMG). Physical properties and cell characteristics by wet coagulation were investigated using the synthesized wet polyurethane resin. The tensile strength of wet polyurethane resin decreased with increasing content of bio polyol as copolymer polyol, but it tended to increase elongation at break and tear strength. As a result of thermal characteristic analysis, it was found that the glass transition temperature was slightly increased as the content of bio polyol increased. As a result of comparing the cell characteristics by the wet coagulation method, it was found that the shape of the cell was good when the ether polyol and the bio polyol were used alone.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

More force must be applied when dragging a wet compared with a dry cloth lying on the table. Increased force is needed because the fluid between the cloth and the surface of the table produces an adhesion force. In this paper, we study the adhesion force between a wet cloth and the surface of an object. To compute the adhesion force, we used the adhesion force model used in textile research based on real-world experiments and also considered the effect of wrinkles, which, to our knowledge, has not been investigated in previous work. Furthermore, we studied the phenomenon in which a wet cloth adheres to the surface of an object and that in which a wet cloth adheres to itself when undergoing self-collision.

• Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.375-379
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• 2018

Background and aim: Heavy metals have been recognized as toxins for centuries. Cupping therapy has been shown to aid in the excretion of accumulated fluids and toxins from the interstitial fluid. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of wet cupping therapy on blood levels of heavy metals. Methods: Thirteen healthy male individuals [mean age ${\pm}$ standard deviation, $28.47{\pm}6.18$] participated in this study. Venous blood samples were collected 5 min before and 30 days after the wet cupping therapy. Five points of the posterior neck and bilateral perispinal areas of the neck and thoracic spine were selected for cupping therapy. The levels of aluminium (Al), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The levels of heavy metals (Al, Zn, and Cd) after cupping therapy were significantly lower than the levels before therapy. Conclusions: These results suggest that wet cupping therapy has an excretory effect on the kidney. Wet cupping therapy may clear blood from excess heavy metals.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2022

The glacial tills and shales in Midwestern states of the USA often show strength degradation after construction. They are often in need of applying soil modification techniques to remediate their strength degradation with weathering process. This study investigated the weathering durability of these natural soils and biopolymer treated soils by comparing direct shear test results for wet-dry and wet-freeze-thaw-dry cycled specimens. The tests showed that untreated glacial tills maintained only 62% and 50% initial shear strength after eight wet-dry cycles and eight wet-freeze-thaw-dry cycles, respectively. These untreated soils could not withstand by themselves after 16 weathering cycles. The same soils treated with 1.5% (by dry weight) food-grade Xanthan gum maintained 140% and 88% initial shear strength of untreated soils after 16 weathering cycles for wet-dry cycles and wet-freeze-thaw-dry cycles, respectively. The same soils treated with 1.5% (by dry weight) Gellan gum maintained 82% and 60% initial shear strength of untreated ones after 16 weathering cycles, respectively. Similar results were obtained for crushed shales, manifesting that the biopolymerization method may be adopted as a new eco-friendly method to enhance the weathering durability of these problematic soils of glacial tills and shales.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 2022

Wet-spun regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) fibers have been extensively studied owing to their 1) useful properties as biomaterials, including good blood compatibility and cyto-compatibility; 2) the various methods available to control the structural characteristics and morphology of the fiber, and 3) the possibility of fabricating blended fibers and new material-embedded fibers. In this study, silk nanofibrils prepared using a new method were embedded in RSF to fabricate wet-spun silk nanofibril/RSF composite fibers. Up to 2% addition of silk nanofibril, the silk nanofibril/RSF dope solution showed slight shear thinning, and the G' and G" of the dope solution were similar. However, above 3% silk nanofibril content, the viscosity of the dope solution significantly increased. In addition, shear thinning was remarkably evident, and the G' of the dope solution was much higher than the G", indicating a very elastic state. As the silk nanofibril content was increased, the wet-spun silk nanofibril/RSF composite fiber became uneven, with a rough surface, and more beaded fibers were produced. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that the beaded fibers were attributed to the inhomogeneous dispersion and presence of agglomerates of the silk nanofibrils. As the silk nanofibril content and RSF concentration increased, the maximum draw ratio decreased, indicating the deterioration of the wet spinnability and post-drawing performance of silk nanofibril/RSF.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.2206-2214
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• 2023

The existing wet reconversion processes for the recovery of scraps generated in manufacturing of nuclear fuel are complex and require several unit operation steps. In this study, it is attempted to simplify the recovery process of high-quality fuel-grade UO₂ powder. A novel wet reconversion process for uranyl nitrate hexahydrate solution is suggested by using a newly developed pulsed fluidized bed reactor, and the resultant chemical characteristics are evaluated for the intermediate ammonium uranate hydrate product and subsequently converted UO₂ powder, as well as the compliance with nuclear fuel specifications and advantages over existing wet processes. The UO₂ powder obtained by the suggested process improved fuel pellet properties compared to those derived from the existing wet conversion processes. Powder performance tests revealed that the produced UO₂ powder satisfies all specifications required for fuel pellets, including the sintered density, increase in re-sintered density, and grain size. Therefore, the processes described herein can aid realizing a simplified manufacturing process for nuclear-grade UO₂ powders that can be used for nuclear power generation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.719-730
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to develop the water quality and aquatic ecosystem model for Andong lake using SWAT-WET (Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Water Ecosystem Tool) and to evaluate the applicability of WET. To quantify the pollutants load flowing into Andong lake, a watershed model of SWAT was constructed for Andong Dam basin (1,584 km²). The calibration results for Dam inflow and water quality loads (SS, T-N, T-P) were analyzed that average R² was more than 0.76, 0.69, 0.84, and 0.60 respectively. The calibrated SWAT results of streamflow and nutrients concentration was used into WET input data. WET was calibrated and validated for water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and water quality concentration (T-N, T-P) of Andong lake. The WET calibrated results was analyzed that PBIAS was +19%, -13%, +4%, and +26.5% respectively and showed that it was simulated to a significant level compared with the observation data. The observed dry weight (gDW/m²) of zoobenthos was less than 0.5, but the average value of simulation was analyzed to be 0.8, which is because the WET model considers zoobenthos with a broader concept. Although accurate calibration is difficult due to the lack of observed data, SWAT-WET can analyze the effects of environmental change in the upstream watershed on the lake based on long-term simulation based on watershed model. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as basic data for managing the aquatic environment of Andong lake.